Treatment of hypertension by renal vascular delivery of guanethidine

• US 8,399,443 B2
• Filed: 04/22/2010
• Issued: 03/19/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 04/22/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Mercator MedSystems, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Mercator MedSystems, Inc.
• Inventors: Seward, Kirk Patrick
• Primary Examiner(s): SZNAIDMAN, MARCOS L
• Application Number:
  US12/765,708
• Publication Number:
  US 20110104060A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,062 Days
• Field of Search: 514/183
• US Class Current: 514/183
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 2300/00 Mixtures or combinations of active ingredients, wherein at least one active ingredient is fully defined in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/155 Amidines (), e.g. guanidine (H2N—C(=NH)—NH2), isourea (N=C(OH)—NH2), isothiourea (—N=C(SH)—NH2)
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/395 having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 45/06 Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0019 Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner non-active ingredients are additionally classified in A61K47/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2025/009 the needle having a bent tip, i.e. the needle distal tip is angled in relation to the longitudinal axis of the catheter
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 25/00 Catheters; Hollow probes dilators A61M29/00; peritoneal catheters A61M1/285; tracheal tubes A61M16/04; for drainage A61M27/00; for uterus, vagina or rectum A61M31/00 ; for measuring or testing A61B; materials for catheters A61L29/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 25/0084 being one or more injection needles
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 25/1002 characterised by balloon shape A61M25/1006, A61M25/1009 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/00 Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests vaccination appliances for veterinary use A61D1/025 ; tube connectors, tube couplings, valves or branch units specially adapted for medical use A61M39/00; containers specially adapted for medical or pharmaceutical purposes A61J1/00; combinations of vial and syringe for mixing or transferring their contents A61J1/20; holders for containers for collecting, storing or administering blood or medical fluids A61J1/16
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/007 for contrast media
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/44 having means for cooling or heating the devices or media
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 9/00 Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 9/12 Antihypertensives

Abstract

Sympathetic nerves run through the adventitia surrounding renal arteries and are critical in the modulation of systemic hypertension. Hyperactivity of these nerves can cause renal hypertension, a disease prevalent in 30-40% of the adult population. Hypertension can be treated with neuromodulating agents (such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II inhibitors, or aldosterone receptor blockers), but requires adherence to strict regimens and often does not reach target blood pressure threshold to reduce risk of major cardiovascular events. A minimally invasive solution is presented here to reduce the activity of the sympathetic nerves surrounding the renal artery by locally delivering neurotoxic or sympathetic nerve-blocking agents into the adventitia. Extended elution of these agents may also be accomplished in order to tailor the therapy to the patient.

Claims

1. A method for treating hypertension in a patient, said method comprising the delivering of an amount of guanethidine to the nerves surrounding a blood vessel, wherein delivery comprises injecting guanethidine into tissue bound on the inside by the external elastic lamina of said blood vessel and bound on the outside by the outer extent of the adventitial and perivascular connective tissues that surround the blood vessel, wherein the amount is effective to lower systemic blood pressure by a therapeutically beneficial amount.

2. A method as in claim 1, wherein delivery includes a step of positioning a needle through the wall of a target blood vessel so that an aperture of the needle is positioned beyond an external elastic lamina (EEL) of the wall.

3. A method as in claim 1, wherein delivery further includes a step of confirming that said guanethidine is penetrating said tissue by imaging either the guanethidine mixed with a diagnostic agent or by the delivery of a diagnostic agent prior to the delivery of the guanethidine.

4. A method as in claim 1, wherein the blood vessel is an artery.

5. A method as in claim 4, wherein the artery is a renal artery.

6. A method as in claim 5, wherein delivery comprises delivering the guanethidine to both of the patient'"'"'s renal arteries.

7. A method as in claim 1, wherein the blood vessel is a vein.

8. A method as in claim 7, wherein the vein is a renal vein.

9. A method as in claim 8, wherein delivery comprises delivering the guanethidine to both of the patient'"'"'s renal veins.

10. A method as in claim 1, wherein the guanethidine is delivered in a dosage of from 10 .mu.g to 100 mg.

11. A method as in claim 10, wherein the dosage is in the range from 50 .mu.g to 50 mg.

12. A method as in claim 11, wherein the dosage is in the range from 100 .mu.g to 30 mg.

13. The method of claim 1, comprising injecting the amount of guanethidine through a wall of the blood vessel.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein the dosage is the amount in total that is delivered to the patient.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein one delivery of the dosage is effective to lower systemic blood pressure by a therapeutically beneficial amount.

16. The method of claim 5, wherein the delivery is performed between the aorta and the hilum of the kidney.

17. The method of claim 5, wherein the delivery is performed along the renal artery to the nerves which terminate in the kidney.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein patient is human.