Target identification method for a synthetic aperture radar system

• US 8,405,539 B2
• Filed: 06/19/2007
• Issued: 03/26/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 06/20/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Telespazio SPA (Leonardo S.p.A.)
• Original Assignee: Telespazio SPA (Leonardo S.p.A.)
• Inventors: Mazzenga, Franco, Ronzitti, Lorenzo, Saitto, Antonio
• Primary Examiner(s): Keith, Jack W
• Assistant Examiner(s): BYTHROW, PETER M
• Application Number:
  US12/305,823
• Publication Number:
  US 20100277364A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,107 Days
• Field of Search: 342/25.R, 342/25.A, 342/25.B, 342/25.C, 342/25.D, 342/25.E, 342/25.F, 342 29- 51, 342/118
• US Class Current: 342/25.R
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/78 discriminating between different kinds of targets, e.g. IFF-radar, i.e. identification of friend or foe G01S13/75, G01S13/79 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/9029 specially adapted for moving target detection within a single SAR image or within multiple SAR images taken at the same time

Abstract

In a synthetic aperture radar system monitoring an area containing at least one moving target for identification, the target is equipped with an identification device, which receives the radar signal transmitted by the radar system, and transmits a processed radar signal obtained by modulating the incoming radar signal with a modulating signal containing target information, such as identification and status information, and by amplifying the modulated radar signal; the radar echo signal reflected by the monitored area and containing the processed radar signal is received and processed by a control station of the radar system to locate the target on a map of the monitored area, and to extract the target information to identify the target.

Claims

1. A method for causing a target (2) to provide respective target information, the method comprising:

equipping the target (2) with an identification device (3);

receiving, by the identification device (3), a radar signal (RS) transmitted by a synthetic aperture radar system (1) and comprising at least one radar pulse of a given pulse duration (DSAR);

processing, by the identification device (3), the incoming radar signal (RS) to obtain a processed radar signal (ES), wherein processing the received radar signal (RS) comprises modulating the received radar signal (RS) with a modulating signal (MODS) including target information comprising an identification code (ID) unequivocally identifying the target (2);

transmitting the processed radar signal (ES) by the identification device (3);

receiving, by the synthetic aperture radar system (1), a radar echo signal (RES) comprising the processed radar signal (ES); and

processing the radar echo signal (RES), by the synthetic aperture radar system (1), to locate the target (2);

wherein processing the radio echo signal (RES) comprises demodulating the radar the radio echo signal (RES) to extract therefrom the identification code (ID) to identify the target (2);

wherein;

the target information comprises at least one status message (MSG) relative to a status of the target (2);

processing, by the identification device (3), the received radar signal (RS) comprises;

encrypting the target information (ID, MSG) by a programmable encryption key, and

modulating the received radar signal (RS) with the modulating signal (MODS) thereby obtaining a modulated signal (MS), said modulating signal (MODS) comprising;

the encrypted identification code (ID) coded by a respective first sequence of a given first number (NID) of binary digits, each of given first duration (DID), and

the encrypted at least one status message (MSG), each coded by a respective second sequence of a given second number (NMSG) of binary digits, each of a given second duration (DMSG), wherein said first digit duration (DID) and said second digit duration (DMSG) are such that a total duration of the binary digits coding the encrypted target information (ID, MSG) does not exceed the given pulse duration (DSAR); and

processing, by the synthetic aperture radar system (1), the radar echo signal (RES) comprises;

demodulating the radar echo signal (RES) by performing a succession of matched-filter demodulations of respective successive portions of the radar echo signal (RES) defined by the digit durations (DID, DMSG)of all the binary digits coding the encrypted target information (ID, MSG), and

decrypting the extracted, encrypted target information (ID, MSG) by said programmable encryption key thereby obtaining the identification code (ID) and the at least one status message (MSG).

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein processing the incoming radar signal (RS) by the identification device (3) comprises:

detecting the presence of the radar signal (RS); and

only activating modulation of the received radar signal (RS) in the presence of the radar signal (RS).

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said second digit duration (DMSG) equals said first digit duration (DID).

4. A target (2) identification device for a synthetic aperture radar system (1), the identification device (3) comprising a receiver (11;

26) for receiving a radar signal (RS) transmitted by the radar system (1);

an amplifier (17) for amplifying the incoming radar signal (RS); and

a transmitter (18;

26) for transmitting a processed radar signal (ES) supplied by said amplifier (17);

the identification device (3) further comprising a signal processor (13, 19, 20, 21, 22) for assigning to the incoming radar signal (RS) target (2) information (ID, MSG) allowing identification of the target (2) by the radar system (1), wherein the identification device (3) is configured to

receive a radar signal (RS) transmitted by a synthetic aperture radar system (1) and comprising at least one radar pulse of a given pulse duration (DSAR);

process the incoming radar signal (RS) to obtain a processed radar signal (ES), wherein processing the received radar signal (RS) comprises modulating the received radar (RS) with a modulating signal (MODS) including target information comprising an identification code (ID) unequivocally identifying the target (2); and

transmit the processed radar signal (ES), and wherein processing, by the identification device (3), the received radar signal (RS) further comprises;

encrypting the target information (ID, MSG) by a programmable encryption key, and

modulating the received radar signal (RS) with the modulating signal (MODS) thereby obtaining a modulated signal (MS), said modulating signal (MODS) comprising;

the encrypted identification code (ID) coded by a respective first sequence of a given first number (NID) of binary digits, each of given first duration (DID), and

the encrypted at least one status message (MSG), each coded by a respective second sequence of a given second number (NMSG) of binary digits, each of a given second duration (DMSG), wherein said first digit duration (DID) and said second digit duration (DMSG) are such that a total duration of the binary digits coding the encrypted target information (ID, MSG) does not exceed the given pulse duration (DSAR).

5. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein said signal processor (13, 19, 20, 21, 22) comprises a modulator (13) for modulating the incoming radar signal (RS) with a modulating signal (MODS) comprising said target (2) information (ID, MSG).

6. The device as claimed in claim 5, wherein said modulator (13) is connected between said receiver (11;

26) and said amplifier (17).

7. The device as claimed in claim 5, wherein said signal processor (13, 19, 20, 21, 22) comprises an encryption unit (21) for encrypting said target (2) information (ID, MSG) by a programmable key;

and a memory unit (22) for storing the programmable key.

8. The device as claimed in claim 7, wherein said encryption unit (21) are connected to the input of said modulator (13).

9. The device as claimed in claim 5, wherein said signal processor (13, 19, 20, 21, 22) comprises detecting unit (19) connected to the output of said receiver (11;

26) to detect the presence of the radar signal (RS); and

activating unit (20) for connecting the receiver (11;

26) to the input of said modulator (13) when commanded by the detecting unit (19) detecting the presence of the radar signal (RS).

10. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein said receiver and transmitter (11, 18;

26) comprise an antenna (26);

the device comprising a selection unit (27) for connecting the antenna (26) selectively to the input of said signal processor (13, 19, 20, 21, 22) to receive said radar signal (RS), and to the output of said amplifier (17) to transmit said processed radar signal (ES).

11. A synthetic aperture radar system comprising a transmitter (5) for transmitting a radar signal (RS);

receiver (6) for receiving a radar echo signal (RES) comprising a processed radar signal (ES) transmitted by an identification device (3) of the type claimed in claim 4; and

processor (10) connected to the receiver (6) to process the radar echo signal (RES), and which are configured to process said processed radar signal (ES) to identify said target (2), wherein said synthetic aperture radar system is configured to;

receive a radar echo signal (RES) comprising the processed radar signal (ES); and

process the radar echo signal (RES) to locate the target (2);

wherein processing the radio echo signal (RES) comprises demodulating the radar the radio echo signal (RES) to extract therefrom the identification code (ID) to identify the target (2) and wherein processing the radar echo signal (RES) further comprises;

demodulating the radar echo signal (RES) by performing a succession of matched-filter demodulations of respective successive portions of the radar echo signal (RES) defined by the digit durations (DID, DMSG) of all the binary digits coding the encrypted target information (ID, MSG), and

decrypting the extracted, encrypted target information (ID, MSG) by said programmable encryption key thereby obtaining the identification code (ID) and the at least one status message (MSG).

12. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein the processor (10) comprises a demodulating unit (24) for demodulating said radar echo signal (RES) to extract said target (2) information (ID, MSG).

13. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein said processor (10) comprises a decryption unit (25) for decrypting said target (2) information (ID, MSG) by a programmable key.

14. The system as claimed in claim 13, wherein said decryption unit (25) are connected to the output of said demodulating unit (24).

15. The system as claimed in claim 11, wherein said modulating signal (MODS) comprises a sequence of binary digits for coding said target (2) information (ID, MSG);

the binary digits having respective digit durations (DID, DMSG); and

said demodulating unit (24) comprising a number of matched filters, which operate in succession on respective successive portions of the radar echo signal (RES) defined by the digit durations (DID, DMSG).

16. The system as claimed in claim 15, wherein said modulator (13) supplies a modulated signal (MS);

each of said matched filters being matched to a respective portion of the modulated signal (MS) defined by the digit duration (DID, DMSG) of a corresponding said binary digit.