Collaborative filtering

• US 8,407,219 B1
• Filed: 01/10/2012
• Issued: 03/26/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 02/16/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Google LLC (Alphabet Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Google Inc. (Alphabet Inc.)
• Inventors: Das, Abhinandan S., Garg, Ashutosh, Datar, Mayur
• Primary Examiner(s): Trujillo, James
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chang, Jeffrey
• Application Number:
  US13/347,377
• Time in Patent Office: 441 Days
• Field of Search: 707/732
• US Class Current: 707/732
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/285 Clustering or classification
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/335 Filtering based on additional data, e.g. user or group profiles filtering in web context G06F16/9535, G06F16/9536
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/90335 Query processing

Abstract

Systems, methods, and apparatus, including computer program products, for collaborative filtering are provided. A method is provided. The method includes clustering a plurality of entities with respect to one or more latent variables in a probability distribution model of a relationship between a set of entities and a set of items, the probability distribution model comprising a probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables. The method also includes, as new items are added to the set of items, updating the probability distribution of the set of the items with respect to the latent variables, and generating an updated relationship score for an entity with respect to the set of items based on the entity'"'"'s fractional membership in the clustering with respect to the latent variables and based on the updated probability distribution of the set of the items with respect to the latent variables.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method comprising:

calculating a probability distribution of a set of items with respect to latent variables including determining counter values incremented in response to user selections of items in the set of items and according to user membership in categories represented by the latent variables, where each counter value corresponds to a category of which the user is a member, and where each counter value is fractionally incremented relative to other categories of which the user is a member;

clustering a plurality of users with respect to the one or more latent variables in a probability distribution model of a relationship between a set of users and a set of items, the probability distribution model comprising the calculated probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables; and

generating a relationship score for one or more items in the set of items, each relationship score relating the item to a particular user in the set of users based on the particular user'"'"'s category memberships and the calculated probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein calculating the probability distribution comprises calculating, for each category of the categories, a fraction of counts for an item in the category relative to all of the counter values for items in the particular category.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the relationship score is used to generate an item recommendation for the particular user.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables is based on the determined counter values.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the counter values comprises determining the counter values based on one or more of the prior user selections that have each been discounted as a function of time.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein one or more of the counter values are normalized across the set of items.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising modifying the relationship score for the particular user based on a history of items selected by the particular user within a period of time.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein calculating the probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables is determined by:

9. The method of claim 1 where a prior selection of an item by a user results in one or more of the counter values being incremented by a total count of 1 distributed as a function of member categories of the user that selected the item.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the counter values of member categories are incremented according to a first probability distribution relating users and categories.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein the counter values are only incremented for prior selections within a specified time range.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables is updated as a function of a rate of change in members of the set of items.

13. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by data processing apparatus, cause the data processing apparatus to perform operations comprising:

calculating a probability distribution of a set of items with respect to latent variables including determining counter values incremented in response to user selections of items in the set of items and according to user membership in categories represented by the latent variables, where each counter value corresponds to a category of which the user is a member, and where each counter value is fractionally incremented relative to other categories of which the user is a member;

clustering a plurality of users with respect to the one or more latent variables in a probability distribution model of a relationship between a set of users and a set of items, the probability distribution model comprising the calculated probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables; and

generating a relationship score for one or more items in the set of items, each relationship score relating the item to a particular user in the set of users based on the particular user'"'"'s category memberships and the calculated probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables.

14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 wherein calculating the probability distribution comprises calculating, for each category of the categories, a fraction of counts for an item in the category relative to all of the counter values for items in the particular category.

15. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 wherein the relationship score is used to generate an item recommendation for the particular user.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 wherein the probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables is based on the determined counter values.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 wherein determining the counter values comprises determining the counter values based on one or more of the prior user selections that have each been discounted as a function of time.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 wherein one or more of the counter values are normalized across the set of items.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 wherein the operations further comprise modifying the relationship score for the particular user based on a history of items selected by the particular user within a period of time.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 wherein calculating the probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables is determined by:

21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 where a prior selection of an item by a user results in one or more of the counter values being incremented by a total count of 1 distributed as a function of member categories of the user that selected the item.

22. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 21 wherein the counter values of member categories are incremented according to a first probability distribution relating users and categories.

23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 21 wherein the counter values are only incremented for prior selections within a specified time range.

24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13 wherein the probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables is updated as a function of a rate of change in members of the set of items.

25. A system comprising:

one or more computer-readable storage media having instructions stored thereon; and

data processing apparatus programmed to execute the instructions to perform operations comprising;

calculating a probability distribution of a set of items with respect to latent variables including determining counter values incremented in response to user selections of items in the set of items and according to user membership in categories represented by the latent variables, where each counter value corresponds to a category of which the user is a member, and where each counter value is fractionally incremented relative to other categories of which the user is a member;

clustering a plurality of users with respect to the one or more latent variables in a probability distribution model of a relationship between a set of users and a set of items, the probability distribution model comprising the calculated probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables; and

generating a relationship score for one or more items in the set of items, each relationship score relating the item to a particular user in the set of users based on the particular user'"'"'s category memberships and the calculated probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables.

26. The system of claim 25 wherein calculating the probability distribution comprises calculating, for each category of the categories, a fraction of counts for an item in the category relative to all of the counter values for items in the particular category.

27. The system of claim 25 wherein the relationship score is used to generate an item recommendation for the particular user.

28. The system of claim 25 wherein the probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables is based on the determined counter values.

29. The system of claim 25 wherein determining the counter values comprises determining the counter values based on one or more of the prior user selections that have each been discounted as a function of time.

30. The system of claim 25 wherein one or more of the counter values are normalized across the set of items.

31. The system of claim 25 wherein the operations further comprise modifying the relationship score for the particular user based on a history of items selected by the particular user within a period of time.

32. The system of claim 25 wherein calculating the probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables is determined by:

33. The system of claim 25 where a prior selection of an item by a user results in one or more of the counter values being incremented by a total count of 1 distributed as a function of member categories of the user that selected the item.

34. The system of claim 33 wherein the counter values of member categories are incremented according to a first probability distribution relating users and categories.

35. The system of claim 33 wherein the counter values are only incremented for prior selections within a specified time range.

36. The system of claim 25 wherein the probability distribution of the set of items with respect to the latent variables is updated as a function of a rate of change in members of the set of items.