Blood treatment systems and methods

• US 8,409,441 B2
• Filed: 08/27/2009
• Issued: 04/02/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 02/27/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Deka Products Limited Partnership
• Original Assignee: Deka Products Limited Partnership
• Inventors: Wilt, Michael J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Kim, John
• Application Number:
  US12/549,285
• Publication Number:
  US 20100192686A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,314 Days
• Field of Search: 210/645, 210/646, 210/650, 210/791, 210/793, 210/797, 210/798, 210/636, 604/4.01, 604/5.04, 604/6.11, 604/6.1, 604/28
• US Class Current: 210/646
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/14 Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators semi-permeable membranes characterised by the material, manufacturing processes therefor B01D71/00 ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/15 with a cassette forming partially or totally the flow circuit for the treating fluid, e.g. the dialysate fluid circuit or the treating gas circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/154 with sensing means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/155 with treatment-fluid pumping means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1561 at least one cassette surface or portion thereof being flexible, e.g. the cassette having a rigid base portion with preformed channels and being covered with a foil
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/15625 the reservoirs acting as balance chambers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1565 Details of valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1566 Means for adding solutions or substances to the treating fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/16 with membranes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1601 Control or regulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1613 Profiling or modelling of patient or predicted treatment evolution or outcome
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1619 Sampled collection of used dialysate, i.e. obviating the need for recovery of whole dialysate quantity for post-dialysis analysis
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1621 Constructional aspects thereof semi-permeable membranes for separation processes characterised by their properties B01D69/00; semi permeable membranes characterised by their material B01D71/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1635 with volume chamber balancing devices between used and fresh dialysis fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1694 with recirculating dialysing liquid
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1696 with dialysate regeneration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/267 used for pumping
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3401 Cassettes therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/341 by measuring the filtrate rate or volume
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3427 back through the membrane, e.g. by inverted trans-membrane pressure [TMP]
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3441 : Substitution rate control as a function of the ultrafiltration rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3462 : Circuits for the preparation thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3465 : using dialysate as substitution fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3609 : Physical characteristics of the blood, e.g. haematocrit, urea
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3622 : with a cassette forming partially or totally the blood circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362223 : the interface being evacuated interfaces to enhance contact
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362227 : the interface providing means for actuating on functional elements of the cassette, e.g. plungers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/36225 : with blood pumping means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362261 : at least one cassette surface or portion thereof being flexible, e.g. the cassette having a rigid base portion with preformed channels and being covered with a foil
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362263 : Details of incorporated filters
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362265 : Details of valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362266 : Means for adding solutions or substances to the blood
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3626 : Gas bubble detectors
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3644 : Mode of operation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3646 : Expelling the residual body fluid after use, e.g. back to the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/365 : through membranes, e.g. by inverted trans-membrane pressure [TMP]
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3652 : using gas, e.g. air
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3672 : Means preventing coagulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/12 : with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/123 : with incorporated reservoirs
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/128 : with incorporated valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/15 : Detection of leaks
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/18 : with alarm
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3317 : Electromagnetic, inductive or dielectric measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3324 : PH measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3331 : Pressure; Flow
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3334 : Measuring or controlling the flow rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3379 : Masses, volumes, levels of fluids in reservoirs, flow rates
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/502 : User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/172 : electrical or electronic A61M5/16804, A61M5/16831 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/30 : Monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 11/3089 : Monitoring arrangements determined by the means or processing involved in sensing the monitored data, e.g. interfaces, connectors, sensors, probes, agents software debugging using additional hardware using a specific debug interface G06F11/3656; performance evaluation by tracing or monitoring G06F11/3466
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/00 : Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units program control for peripheral devices G06F13/10
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 20/40 : relating to mechanical, radiation or invasive therapies, e.g. surgery, laser therapy, dialysis or acupuncture
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/60 : for the operation of medical equipment or devices
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/63 : for local operation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/87893 : With fluid actuator

Abstract

Dialysis systems comprising actuators that cooperate to perform dialysis functions and sensors that cooperate to monitor dialysis functions are disclosed. According to one aspect, such a hemodialysis system comprises a user interface model layer, a therapy layer, below the user interface model layer, and a machine layer below the therapy layer. The user interface model layer is configured to manage the state of a graphical user interface and receive inputs from a graphical user interface. The therapy layer is configured to run state machines that generate therapy commands based at least in part on the inputs from the graphical user interface. The machine layer is configured to provide commands for the actuators based on the therapy commands.

Claims

1. A method for returning blood to a patient in the event of a power failure condition in a dialysis system that uses compressed air to actuate pumps and/or valves during a dialysis process, wherein the dialysis system comprises a dialyzer having a membrane that separates a blood flow path from a dialysate flow path, the method comprising:

identifying a power failure condition in a dialysis system;

in response to the identification of a power failure condition, releasing compressed air from a reservoir associated with the dialysis system; and

using the released compressed air, increasing a pressure in the dialysate flow path to cause blood in the blood flow path to return to the patient.

2. In an extracorporeal treatment system, a method for returning extracorporeal blood to a patient using a source of compressed gas in the event of a power failure, wherein the extracorporeal treatment system comprises a filter having a semi-permeable membrane that separates a blood flow path from an electrolyte solution flow path, the compressed gas is in valved communication with an electrolyte solution container, and the electrolyte solution container is in valved communication with the electrolyte solution flow path, the method comprising:

in response to a termination of electrical power to one or more electrically actuated valves that control a distribution of compressed gas or a distribution of electrolyte solution flow in the extracorporeal treatment system;

causing one or more first electrically actuated valves to open a first fluid pathway between the compressed gas and the electrolyte solution container;

causing one or more second electrically actuated valves to open a second fluid pathway between said electrolyte solution container and said filter;

causing one or more third electrically actuated valves to close an alternate fluid pathway in said electrolyte solution flow path if said alternate fluid pathway diverts electrolyte solution away from said filter; and

using the compressed gas to increase pressure in the electrolyte solution flow path to cause blood in the blood flow path to return to the patient.

3. In an extracorporeal treatment system, a method for returning extracorporeal blood to a patient using a source of compressed gas in the event of a power failure, wherein the extracorporeal treatment system comprises a filter having a semi-permeable membrane that separates a blood flow path from an electrolyte solution flow path, the compressed gas is in valved communication with an electrolyte solution container, and the electrolyte solution container is in valved communication with the electrolyte solution flow path, the method comprising:

in response to a termination of electrical power to one or more electrically actuated valves that control a distribution of compressed gas or a distribution of electrolyte solution flow in the extracorporeal treatment system;

causing one or more electrically actuated valves to open a fluid pathway between the compressed gas and the electrolyte solution container; and

using the compressed gas, causing flow of an electrolyte solution from the electrolyte solution container through the filter to cause blood in the blood flow path to return to the patient.