Flow-rate adaptation for a connection of time-varying capacity

• US 8,417,829 B2
• Filed: 07/08/2011
• Issued: 04/09/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 07/28/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Masimo Corporation
• Original Assignee: Vantrix Corporation
• Inventors: Labonte, Francis Roger, Cote, Sebastien, Lefebvre, Yves
• Primary Examiner(s): SERRAO, RANODHI N
• Application Number:
  US13/178,775
• Publication Number:
  US 20110264820A1
• Time in Patent Office: 641 Days
• Field of Search: 709/203, 709/231, 709/233, 370/229, 370/235
• US Class Current: 709/231
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/10 Flow control; Congestion control
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 47/38 by adapting coding or compression rate
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/613 for the control of the source by the destination control signals issued by the client directed to the server or network components specially adapted for selective content distribution H04N21/637
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/70 Media network packetisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/752 adapting media to network capabilities
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/80 Responding to QoS

Abstract

A system and methods for adapting streaming data for transmission over a connection of time-varying capacity are disclosed. A streaming server individually adapts transmission rates of signals directed to subtending clients according to measurements characterizing connections from the streaming server to the clients. The measurements may relate to characteristics such as transfer delay, data-loss fraction, and occupancy level of a buffer at a client'"'"'s receiver. A flow controller associated with the streaming server derives metrics from measurements taken over selected time windows to determine a permissible transmission rate from the server to each active client. Metrics related to a specific characteristic may include a mean value over a moving window as well as short and long term tendencies of respective measurements. An adaptable encoder at the streaming server encodes signals to meet permissible transmission rates.

Claims

1. A system for data streaming, comprising:

at least one processor;

a signal source;

an adaptable encoder for encoding signals produced by said signal source;

and

a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon for execution by said at least one processor forming;

a source reporter for formulating downstream control packets directed to respective client devices of a plurality of client devices during successive time windows; and

a flow controller for;

receiving upstream control packets, corresponding to said downstream control packets, from said plurality of client devices, each upstream control packet indicating a state of a connection from said adaptable encoder to a respective client device;

and

determining preferred individual encoding rates for connections from said adaptable encoder to said plurality of client devices based on comparing states of at least one connection over successive time windows with a predefined range of acceptable connection states.

2. The system of claim 1 further comprising a sink reporter associated with each client device for formulating said upstream control packets directed to said flow controller, the sink reporter comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer readable instructions stored thereon for execution by a processor.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein an upstream control packet sent by the sink reporter of a specific client device in response to a specific downstream control packet contains a packet identifier of said specific downstream control packet.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein each downstream control packet sent from the source reporter to a respective client device contains a respective packet identifier.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein said state of said connection is characterized by transfer delay, and wherein said flow controller is configured to determine said preferred individual encoding rates based on said transfer delay.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein said state of said connection is characterized by a proportion of lost downstream control packets, and wherein said flow controller is configured to determine said preferred individual encoding rates based on said proportion of lost downstream control packets.

7. The system of claim 1 further comprising a data buffer associated with said each client device wherein said upstream control packet contains an indication of occupancy of said data buffer.

8. The system of claim 7 wherein the flow controller is further configured to determine said preferred individual encoding rates based on the occupancy of the data buffer.

9. The system of claim 7 wherein said state of said connection is characterized by transfer delay and a proportion of lost downstream control packets, and wherein said flow controller is configured to determine said preferred individual encoding rates based on at least one of said transfer delay, said proportion of lost downstream control packets, and said occupancy of said data buffer.

10. The system of claim 1 wherein said state of said connection is defined by a metric representing a specific characteristic of said connection, and wherein each of said preferred individual encoding rates is determined as a function of said metric.

11. The system of claim 1 wherein said state of said connection is determined by at least two metrics representing different characteristics of said connection, and wherein said flow controller is configured to determine a preferred individual encoding rate for at least another connection based on said at least two metrics.

12. The system of claim 1 wherein said state of a connection is defined by a metric representing a specific characteristic of said connection, said predefined range of acceptable connection states is defined by a metric acceptance interval having a lower bound and an upper bound, and wherein said flow controller is configured to keep a current encoding rate unchanged subject to a determination that the current value of the metric is within the metric acceptance interval.

13. The system of claim 1 wherein said state of a connection is defined by a metric representing a specific characteristic of said connection, said predefined range of acceptable connection states is defined by a metric acceptance interval having a lower bound and an upper bound, and wherein said flow controller is configured to:

increase a current encoding rate by an amount determined as a function of deviation of the metric from said lower bound, subject to a determination that the current value of the metric is less than said lower bound; and

decrease a current encoding rate by an amount determined as a function of deviation of the metric from said upper bound, subject to a determination that the current value of the metric exceeds said upper bound.

14. The system of claim 1 wherein said state of a connection is defined by a metric representing a specific characteristic of said connection, said metric being determined as a sum of a predefined number of measurements characterizing the connection.

15. The system of claim 1 wherein each of said successive time window is defined according to one of:

a specified time interval; and

a number of upstream control packets received at said flow controller.

16. The system of claim 1 wherein said upstream control packets are held in a circular buffer having a specified number of records.

17. The system of claim 1 wherein said successive time windows for a specific connection overlap, provided that a current encoding rate of the specific connection remains unchanged.

18. The system of claim 1 wherein a time window for a specific connection is not adjacent to a preceding time window, provided that a current encoding rate of the specific connection has changed following said preceding time window.

19. A system for data streaming, comprising:

a signal source;

at least one processor;

an adaptable encoder for encoding signals produced by said signal source;

and

a memory device storing computer readable instructions which cause said at least one processor to;

formulate downstream control packets directed to respective client devices of a plurality of client devices during successive time windows;

receive, from said plurality of client devices, upstream control packets, corresponding to said downstream control packets, each upstream control packet indicating a state of a connection from said adaptable encoder to a respective client device;

determine at least two metrics representing different characteristics of said connection; and

determine a preferred encoding rate for said connection based on said at least two metrics.

20. The system of claim 19 wherein said computer readable instructions further cause said at least one processor to determine preferred individual encoding rates for at least one connection based on comparing states of said at least one connection over said successive time windows with a predefined range of acceptable connection states.

21. The system of claim 19 wherein said computer readable instructions further cause said at least one processor to:

determine deviation of each of said at least two metrics from corresponding predefined intervals of acceptable metrics; and

determine said preferred encoding rate for said connection based on said deviation.

22. The system of claim 19 wherein said computer readable instructions further cause said at least one processor to determine said preferred encoding rate for said connection so that:

said preferred encoding rate equals a current encoding rate subject to a determination that each of said at least two metrics is within corresponding predefined intervals of acceptable metrics;

said preferred encoding rate is lower than said current encoding rate subject to a determination that at least one of said at least two metrics is larger than an upper bound of said corresponding predefined intervals of acceptable metrics;

and

said preferred encoding rate is higher than said current encoding rate subject to a determination that each of said at least two metrics is smaller than a lower bound of said corresponding predefined intervals of acceptable metrics.

23. The system of claim 19 wherein downstream control packets are formed according to the standardized Real-Time Transport Protocol and wherein said upstream control packets are formed according to the standardized Real-Time Control Transport Protocol.

24. A method of data streaming, comprising:

encoding signals produced by a signal source using an adaptable encoder;

executing, by at least one processor, processor readable instructions stored in a memory device for;

formulating downstream control packets directed to respective client devices of a plurality of client devices during successive time windows; and

receiving upstream control packets, corresponding to said downstream control packets, from said plurality of client devices, each upstream control packet indicating a state of a connection from said adaptable encoder to a respective client device;

and

determining preferred individual encoding rates for connections from said adaptable encoder to said plurality of client devices based on comparing states of at least one connection over successive time windows with a predefined range of acceptable connection states.

25. The method of claim 24 further comprising determining said state of said connection by at least two metrics representing different characteristics of said connection, and determining a preferred individual encoding rate for at least one connection based on said at least two metrics.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein said at least two metrics include at least one of:

an indication of data loss;

an indication of data transfer delay; and

an indication of occupancy of a data buffer associated with a client device.

27. A method of data streaming implemented by at least one processor executing computer readable instructions stored in a memory device, the method comprising:

encoding signals produced by a signal source using an adaptable encoder;

formulating downstream control packets directed to respective client devices of a plurality of client devices during successive time windows;

receiving, from said plurality of client devices, upstream control packets, corresponding to said downstream control packets, each upstream control packet indicating a state of a connection from said adaptable encoder to a respective client device;

determining at least two metrics representing different characteristics of said connection;

and

determining a preferred encoding rate for said connection based on said at least two metrics.

28. The method of claim 27 further comprising:

determining deviation of each of said at least two metrics from corresponding predefined intervals of acceptable metrics; and

determining said preferred encoding rate for said connection based on said deviation.

29. The method of claim 27 further comprising:

setting said preferred encoding rate to equal a current encoding rate subject to a determination that each of said at least two metrics is within corresponding predefined intervals of acceptable metrics;

setting said preferred encoding rate to be lower than said current encoding rate subject to a determination that at least one of said at least two metrics is larger than an upper bound of said corresponding predefined intervals of acceptable metrics;

and

setting said preferred encoding rate to be higher than said current encoding rate subject to a determination that each of said at least two metrics is smaller than a lower bound of said corresponding predefined intervals of acceptable metrics.