Method and system for wasteless processing and complete utilization of municipal and domestic wastes
First Claim
1. A system for processing and utilizing municipal and domestic waste comprising the following main modules connected in series:
- a waste pre-treatment and feed module, a pyrolysis reactor, a syngas cleaning module, and an energy generation unit, whereinthe waste-pretreatment and feed module comprises;
a waste-sorting unit for sorting the wastes to be treated and for removing untreatable items;
a waste-mixture grinder for grinding the presorted wastes to produce ground wastes of a predetermined dimensions suitable for processing and utilization, the waste-mixture grinder being connected to the waste-sorting unit;
a dryer for drying the ground wastes, the dryer being connected to the waste-mixture grinder; and
a dry-waste accumulator with a loading mechanism and an unloading mechanism, the loading mechanism being connected to the dryer, and the unloading mechanism being connected to the pyrolysis reactor that decomposes the wastes essentially into a syngas and solid products of pyrolysis;
the pyrolysis reactor comprises two waste-feeding screws tapered in shapes with a taper angle that decreases the diameters of the waste-feeding screws along the length of the waste-feeding screws, the waste-feeding screws converging toward each other with a convergence angle;
the syngas cleaning module comprises;
a dry cleaner that is connected to the pyrolysis reactor for receiving the syngas produced in pyrolysis;
a gas cooler for reducing the gas temperature;
a wet-cleaning stage connected to the gas cooler and that comprises a first wet syngas cleaner connected to the gas cooler and intended for cleaning the syngas with a flow of water, and a second wet syngas cleaner connected to the first wet syngas cleaner and intended for cleaning syngas with a flow of an alkali solution; and
an absorber that is connected to the wet-cleaning stage for receiving the syngas therefrom and for separating at least a reusable gaseous carbon dioxide from the syngas;
the system further comprising;
a floatator that is connected to the wet-cleaning stage and produces reusable water;
a centrifuge which is connected to the unloading mechanism of the pyrolysis reactor and is intended for purification of the solid products of pyrolysis; and
a desorber that is connected to the absorber and has means for separating the CO2-saturated aqueous solution obtained from the absorber into CO2 and processing water.
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Abstract
Proposed are a system and method for wasteless pyrolytic processing and complete utilization of municipal and domestic wastes. The wastes are sequentially passed through units of sorting, grinding, drying, accumulating, and sending to a pyrolysis reactor for pyrolytic treatment. The syngas produced in the pyrolysis is passed through dry cleaning, dust catching, a first wet cleaning with water, a second wet cleaning with alkali, and a floatation unit for separation of water which is purified to an extent sufficient for technical use. The purified syngas is also passed through an absorber and is then used as a working medium for a power generation unit such as a gas turbine co-generator that generates electricity. Solid products of the pyrolysis reaction, such as coke, are returned to the reactor for afterburning, and the heat of the reaction can be utilized in a dryer, or the like.
35 Citations
8 Claims
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1. A system for processing and utilizing municipal and domestic waste comprising the following main modules connected in series:
- a waste pre-treatment and feed module, a pyrolysis reactor, a syngas cleaning module, and an energy generation unit, wherein
the waste-pretreatment and feed module comprises;
a waste-sorting unit for sorting the wastes to be treated and for removing untreatable items;
a waste-mixture grinder for grinding the presorted wastes to produce ground wastes of a predetermined dimensions suitable for processing and utilization, the waste-mixture grinder being connected to the waste-sorting unit;
a dryer for drying the ground wastes, the dryer being connected to the waste-mixture grinder; and
a dry-waste accumulator with a loading mechanism and an unloading mechanism, the loading mechanism being connected to the dryer, and the unloading mechanism being connected to the pyrolysis reactor that decomposes the wastes essentially into a syngas and solid products of pyrolysis;the pyrolysis reactor comprises two waste-feeding screws tapered in shapes with a taper angle that decreases the diameters of the waste-feeding screws along the length of the waste-feeding screws, the waste-feeding screws converging toward each other with a convergence angle; the syngas cleaning module comprises;
a dry cleaner that is connected to the pyrolysis reactor for receiving the syngas produced in pyrolysis;
a gas cooler for reducing the gas temperature;
a wet-cleaning stage connected to the gas cooler and that comprises a first wet syngas cleaner connected to the gas cooler and intended for cleaning the syngas with a flow of water, and a second wet syngas cleaner connected to the first wet syngas cleaner and intended for cleaning syngas with a flow of an alkali solution; and
an absorber that is connected to the wet-cleaning stage for receiving the syngas therefrom and for separating at least a reusable gaseous carbon dioxide from the syngas;the system further comprising;
a floatator that is connected to the wet-cleaning stage and produces reusable water;
a centrifuge which is connected to the unloading mechanism of the pyrolysis reactor and is intended for purification of the solid products of pyrolysis; and
a desorber that is connected to the absorber and has means for separating the CO2-saturated aqueous solution obtained from the absorber into CO2 and processing water. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
- a waste pre-treatment and feed module, a pyrolysis reactor, a syngas cleaning module, and an energy generation unit, wherein
Specification