Analyte detection with infrared light

• US 8,421,017 B2
• Filed: 05/13/2011
• Issued: 04/16/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 10/21/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: The U.S.A. As Reprensented By The Secretary Of The Navy
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: McGill, R Andrew, Hubler, Graham K, Papantonakis, Michael, Horwitz, James S, Kendziora, Chris, Furstenberg, Robert
• Primary Examiner(s): Kim, Kiho
• Application Number:
  US13/107,831
• Publication Number:
  US 20110271738A1
• Time in Patent Office: 704 Days
• Field of Search: 2503381-3385
• US Class Current: 250/338.5
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/64 Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/658 enhancement Raman, e.g. surface plasmons
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/71 thermally excited
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/718 Laser microanalysis, i.e. with formation of sample plasma

Abstract

A method for non-contact analyte detection by selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using an IR source optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific absorption band without significantly decomposing organic analytes and determining if the analyte is present by comparing emitted photons with an IR detector signal collected one or more times before, during, or after, exciting the analyte. Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for non-contact analyte detection by selectively exciting analytes of interest using one or more IR sources that are optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific wavelength without significantly decomposing organic analytes, wherein the analyte is excited sufficiently to increase the amount of analyte in the gas phase, and wherein the content of the gas is examined to detect the presence of the analyte.

Claims

1. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising:

(a) selectively exciting one or more condensed phase analytes of interest on a substrate using an IR source that is optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific absorption band without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes; and

(b) determining if the analyte is present by comparing emitted photons from the analyte present on the substrate with an IR detector signal collected one or more times before, during, after, or any combination thereof exciting the analyte.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the emitted photons are produced at one or more wavelengths by photo-thermal transduction.

3. The method of claim 1, additionally comprising analyzing at least one other optical or non-optical signal.

4. The method of claim 1, additionally comprising analyzing at least one other signal selected from the group consisting of reflectivity, emissivity, scattering, fluorescence, luminescence, Raman scattering, LIDAR, and photo-acoustic emission.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the different times of the signal, a time dependence of the signal, or both is used in combination with a spectral signature.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more excitation sources are used with one or more optical collection filters.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein at least one excitation source or one optical collection filter is tunable.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the collected photons are optionally spectrally dispersed.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein an array detector may be used to generate a spatially resolved image of the emitted signal.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein spectral signals, spatial signals, different times of the signals, a time dependence of the signals, or any combination thereof are considered.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte is on any body part including hair and nails.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte is on a piece of apparel, footwear, or accessory.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte is in or on a package, baggage, a document, an electronic device, a building part, a vehicle part, or a drug.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte is harvested to a substrate.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to excitation, the analyte is collected via an analyte collecting device, a portal system, a vacuum device, contact-swabbing a surface, or any combination thereof.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein malfunctioning detector pixels are identified and managed.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein multiple illumination pulses are used in sequence.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein stand-off analysis is performed by using a lens or a parabolic reflector to direct the collected light towards an infrared detector or an optical fiber.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte is on a substrate and the excitation is directed at a grazing angle with respect to the substrate and optionally the electric field of the IR source is parallel to the substrate.

20. The method of claim 1, wherein the analyte is on a substrate and the excitation is moved with respect to the substrate.

23. The method of claim 1, A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising:

(a) selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using an IR source that is optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific absorption band without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes; and

(b) determining if the analyte is present by comparing emitted photons with an IR detector signal collected one or more times before, during, after, or any combination thereof exciting the analyte; and

wherein a time dependence of the signal is used to distinguish emissions from the analyte and emissions from a substrate at least partially covered by the analyte.

24. The method of claim 1, A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising:

(a) selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using an IR source that is optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific absorption band without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes; and

(b) determining if the analyte is present by comparing emitted photons with an IR detector signal collected one or more times before, during, after, or any combination thereof exciting the analyte; and

wherein the different times of the signal, a time dependence of the signal, or both is used to distinguish faster emission phenomena from slower emission phenomena.

25. The method of claim 24, wherein faster emission phenomena may comprise reflection, elastic backscattering, Raman scattering, or any combination thereof, and wherein slower emission phenomena may comprise photo-thermal, photoluminescence, fluorescence, or any combination thereof.

40. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using one or more IR sources that are optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific wavelength without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes, wherein the analyte is excited sufficiently to increase the amount of analyte in the gas phase, and wherein the content of the gas is examined to detect the presence of the analyte, and wherein the gas is collected to a suitable substrate and the method of claim 1 is performed.

21. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising:

(a) selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using an IR source that is optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific absorption band without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes; and

(b) determining if the analyte is present by comparing emitted photons with an IR detector signal collected one or more times before, during, after, or any combination thereof exciting the analyte; and

additionally comprising applying a prior cuing technique, surveying technique, or both.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the cuing or surveying technique may comprise IR light, passive or active reflectivity, emissivity, scattering, fluorescence, luminescence, Raman scattering, LIDAR, photo-acoustic emission, or any combination thereof.

26. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising:

(a) selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using an IR source that is optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific absorption band without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes; and

(b) determining if the analyte is present by comparing emitted photons with an IR detector signal collected one or more times before, during, after, or any combination thereof exciting the analyte; and

wherein individual pixels in the same spatially resolved image are compared to determine inhomogeneous responses.

27. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising selectively exciting one or more condensed phase ionically bonded analytes of interest on a substrate using one or more IR sources that are optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific wavelength, wherein the analyte is excited sufficiently to increase the concentration of analyte for gas phase analysis, and wherein the content of the gas phase is examined to determine the presence of the analyte.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein multiple IR wavelengths are used simultaneously or in sequence.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the analyte is on any human body part including hair and nails.

30. The method of claim 27, wherein the analyte is on a piece of apparel, footwear, or accessory.

31. The method of claim 27, wherein the analyte is in or on a package, baggage, a document, an electronic device, a building part, a vehicle part, or a drug.

32. The method of claim 27, wherein one or more excitation sources are applied in two or more steps.

33. The method of claim 27, wherein the gas is sampled and directed to a gas chromatography (GC) column.

34. The method of claim 27, wherein the analyte is on a substrate and the excitation is directed at a grazing angle with respect to the substrate and optionally the electric field of the IR source is parallel to the substrate.

35. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using one or more IR sources that are optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific wavelength without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes, wherein the analyte is excited sufficiently to increase the amount of analyte in the gas phase, wherein the content of the gas is examined to detect the presence of the analyte, wherein one or more excitation sources are applied in two or more steps, and wherein the initial pulses are used to remove a surface layer of water or other volatile chemicals to leave behind a surface with the analyte of interest which is then targeted with subsequent pulses of light.

36. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using one or more IR sources that are optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific wavelength without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes, wherein the analyte is excited sufficiently to increase the amount of analyte in the gas phase, wherein the content of the gas is examined to detect the presence of the analyte, wherein the gas is sampled and directed to a gas chromatography (GC) column, and wherein the analyte is trapped in a sorbent coated inlet region of the GC column and released by heating with infrared light that enters the GC column and is incident on the sorbent coated trapping region.

37. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using one or more IR sources that are optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific wavelength without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes, wherein the analyte is excited sufficiently to increase the amount of analyte in the gas phase, wherein the content of the gas is examined to detect the presence of the analyte, wherein the gas is sampled and directed to a gas chromatography (GC) column, and wherein the analyte is trapped in a sorbent coated inlet region of the GC column and released by heating with infrared light that passes through an IR transparent column material or window and onto the sorbent coated trapping region.

38. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using one or more IR sources that are optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific wavelength without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes, wherein the analyte is excited sufficiently to increase the amount of analyte in the gas phase, and wherein the content of the gas is examined to detect the presence of the analyte, and wherein the gas is collected for subsequent analysis.

39. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using one or more IR sources that are optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific wavelength without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes, wherein the analyte is excited sufficiently to increase the amount of analyte in the gas phase, and wherein the content of the gas is examined to detect the presence of the analyte, and wherein the gas is collected to a preconcentrator and subsequently desorbed into an analytical system.

41. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using one or more IR sources that are optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific wavelength without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes, wherein the analyte is excited sufficiently to increase the amount of analyte in the gas phase, and wherein the content of the gas is examined to detect the presence of the analyte, and wherein the gas is collected to a Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) substrate and analyzed.

42. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using one or more IR sources that are optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific wavelength without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes, wherein the analyte is excited sufficiently to increase the amount of analyte in the gas phase, and wherein the content of the gas is examined to detect the presence of the analyte, and wherein the gas is collected to a surface suitable for spectroscopic identification.

43. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using one or more IR sources that are optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific wavelength without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes, wherein the analyte is excited sufficiently to increase the amount of analyte in the gas phase, and wherein the content of the gas is examined to detect the presence of the analyte, and wherein gaseous analyte is drawn into a cone or funnel that is optionally heated then directed into a preconcentrator.

44. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using one or more IR sources that are optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific wavelength without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes, wherein the analyte is excited sufficiently to increase the amount of analyte in the gas phase, and wherein the content of the gas is examined to detect the presence of the analyte, and

wherein an analyte on a solid surface is released into the air by heating with an infrared source, the released analyte is drawn to a preconcentrator to collect analytes of interest, the preconcentrator is subsequently heated to direct the released analyte into an analytical system which optionally comprises a gas chromatograph, and the released analyte exiting the analytical system may enter a gas cell where the analyte is monitored and detected by using an infrared laser to excite the analyte and examining if light is produced.

45. A method for non-contact analyte detection, comprising selectively exciting one or more analytes of interest using one or more IR sources that are optionally operated to produce pulses of light and tuned to at least one specific wavelength without decomposing more than five percent of organic analytes, wherein the analyte is excited sufficiently to increase the amount of analyte in the gas phase, and wherein the content of the gas is examined to detect the presence of the analyte, wherein the IR source delivers a finite number of pulses and wherein the substrate temperature is optionally monitored.