Method and apparatus to provide safety checks for neural stimulation

• US 8,423,151 B2
• Filed: 10/28/2007
• Issued: 04/16/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 04/28/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cortigent Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Second Sight Medical Products, Inc. (Vivani Medical, Inc.)
• Inventors: Greenberg, Robert Jay, McClure, Kelly Hobart, Little, James Singleton, Dai, Rongqing, Roy, Arup, Castro, Richard Agustin, Reinhold, John, Tang, Kea-Tiong, Yadav, Sumit, Zhou, Chunhong, Zhou, Dao Min, Maksy, Pishoy
• Primary Examiner(s): Koharski, Christopher D
• Assistant Examiner(s): Bays, Pamela M
• Application Number:
  US11/926,057
• Publication Number:
  US 20080046041A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,997 Days
• Field of Search: 607/2, 607/34, 607/45, 607/54, 607/62, 607/63, 607/118
• US Class Current: 607/63
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/00 Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor A61N2/00 takes precedence; irradiation apparatus A61N5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0543 Retinal electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0551 Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/08 Arrangements or circuits for monitoring, protecting, controlling or indicating for external stimulators A61N1/3603; for implantable neurostimulators A61N1/36128; for heart stimulators A61N1/37; for defibrillators A61N1/3925
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3603 Control systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36046 of the eye
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36142 for improving safety
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36185 Selection of the electrode configuration

Abstract

In electrically stimulating neural tissue it is important to prevent over stimulation and unbalanced stimulation which would cause damage to the neural tissue, the electrode, or both. It is critical that neural tissue in not subjected to any direct current or alternating current above a safe threshold. Further, it is important to identify defective electrodes as continued use may result in neural and further electrode damage. Systems and stimulator control mechanisms to prevent damage to neural tissue.

Claims

1. A method of stimulating retinal neural tissue comprising:

providing a neural stimulator including a plurality of electrodes suitable to stimulate retinal neural tissue;

providing a biphasic square wave pulse to each electrode;

calculating capacitive impedance by a first derivative of the voltage across a stimulation pulse;

testing the impedance of all electrodes by obtaining voltage measurements from all electrodes in response to said square wave pulses;

recording changes of capacitive impedance over time derived from said voltage measurements; and

determining lifting of electrodes based on changes of a capacitive component of said impedance by considering phase shifts in said changes of impedance over time;

wherein the changes of the capacitive component are computed based on a phase difference derived from a difference between a resultant voltage waveform obtained from the voltage measurements and a baseline voltage waveform without phase shifts derived from said voltage measurements.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising discontinuing stimulation on said lifted electrodes.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the changes of the capacitive impedance are computed in part based on a phase difference derived from a difference between an area under a curve of the resultant voltage waveform and the baseline voltage waveform without phase shifts.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the changes of the capacitive impedance are computed in part based on a phase difference derived from a difference between an area under a curve of a first derivative of the resultant voltage waveform and the baseline voltage waveform without phase shifts.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the baseline voltage waveform is subtracted from the resultant voltage waveform.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining lifting electrode further includes comparing the phase shift of anodic and cathodic phases of the baseline voltage waveform and the resultant voltage waveform.