Real-time location determination for in-building distributed antenna systems

• US 8,428,550 B2
• Filed: 07/30/2009
• Issued: 04/23/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 07/30/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ExteNet Systems, Inc.
• Original Assignee: ExteNet Systems, Inc.
• Inventors: Larsen, Tormod
• Primary Examiner(s): Afshar, Kamran
• Assistant Examiner(s): Fahnert, Marisol
• Application Number:
  US12/512,685
• Publication Number:
  US 20110028157A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,363 Days
• Field of Search: 455/404.2, 4554141-4142, 4554561-4564, 455/456
• US Class Current: 455/404.2
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/878 Combination of several spaced transmitters or receivers of known location for determining the position of a transponder or a reflector G01S13/874 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0226 Transmitters
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/14 Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 64/00 Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management

Abstract

A system for determining the location of a wireless mobile device with respect to an interconnected network of wireless transmission waveguides is disclosed. The interconnected network could be interconnected ducts of an HVAC system in a building. Multiple wireless probes are placed at multiple locations within the HVAC duct system (or similar interconnected network of waveguides). Each probe may detect a common signal from a wireless mobile device and independently preserve arrival time information of the detected signal, wherein the signal propagates to probes by way of a free-space path to an opening in one or another duct, and thereafter to the probes via one or another path through the interconnected ducts, which act as wireless transmission waveguides. By correlating timing information of a signal received at three or more probes, a location of the mobile wireless device may be determined by one or another form of triangulation.

Claims

1. A method of determining a location of a wireless mobile device with respect to an interconnected network of wireless transmission waveguides, the method comprising:

receiving a wireless signal transmitted from a wireless mobile device at each of a first wireless probe at a first location within the interconnected network, a second wireless probe at a second location within the interconnected network, and a third wireless probe at a third location within the interconnected network;

in the network, determining a first propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the first wireless probe, wherein the wireless signal enters the interconnected network through a first opening in a first wireless waveguide that is part of the interconnected network, and thereafter propagates to the first wireless probe along a first path within the interconnected network;

in the network, determining a second propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the second wireless probe, wherein the wireless signal enters the interconnected network through a second opening in a second wireless waveguide that is part of the interconnected network, and thereafter propagates to the wireless second probe along a second path within the interconnected network;

in the network, determining a third propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the third wireless probe, wherein the wireless signal enters the interconnected network through a third opening in a third wireless waveguide that is part of the interconnected network, and thereafter propagates to the third wireless probe along a third path within the interconnected network; and

in the network, determining the location of the wireless mobile device with respect to the first, second, and third wireless probes using the first, second, and third propagation delays.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the interconnected network comprises a ventilation system of interconnected air ducts in a building structure,

wherein each of the first, second, and third wireless waveguides is one of a supply duct and a return duct,

and wherein each of the first, second, and third openings is one of an air supply diffuser and an air return.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first, second, and third wireless probes comprises a wireless antenna communicatively coupled with a base transceiver unit,

and wherein the wireless antenna of the first wireless probe is situated at the first location, the wireless antenna of the second wireless probe is situated at the second location, and the wireless antenna of the third wireless probe is situated at the third location.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the first propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the first wireless probe comprises determining a first round-trip delay of a reference signal transmitted from the first wireless probe to the wireless mobile device and back by way of the first path and further by way a first free-space path between the first opening and the wireless mobile device,

wherein determining the second propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the second wireless probe comprises determining a second round-trip delay of the reference signal transmitted from the second wireless probe to the wireless mobile device and back by way of the second path and further by way a second free-space path between the second opening and the wireless mobile device,

and wherein determining the third propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the third wireless probe comprises determining a third round-trip delay of the reference signal transmitted from the third wireless probe to the wireless mobile device and back by way of the third path and further by way a third free-space path between the third opening and the wireless mobile device.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless signal includes a time stamp indicating an instant in time at which the wireless mobile device transmitted the wireless signal,

wherein determining the first propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the first wireless probe comprises determining a first difference between the time stamp and an arrival time of the wireless signal at the first wireless probe,

wherein determining the second propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the second wireless probe comprises determining a second difference between the time stamp and an arrival time of the wireless signal at the second wireless probe,

and wherein determining the third propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the third wireless probe comprises determining a third difference between the time stamp and an arrival time of the wireless signal at the third wireless probe.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless signal is detected respectively at the first wireless probe, the second wireless probe, and the third wireless probe at a first arrival time, a second arrival time, and a third arrival time,

wherein determining the first propagation delay comprises algebraically computing the first propagation delay based on a first time difference between the first arrival time and the second arrival time, a second time difference between the first arrival time and the third arrival time, and a third time difference between the second arrival time and the third arrival time,

wherein determining the second propagation delay comprises algebraically computing the second propagation delay based on the first time difference, the second time difference, and the third time difference,

and wherein determining the third propagation delay comprises algebraically computing the third propagation delay based on the first time difference, the second time difference, and the third time difference.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the location of the wireless mobile device with respect to the first, second, and third wireless probes using the first, second, and third propagation delays comprises:

respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into a first propagation distance, a second propagation distance, and a third propagation distance; and

determining a triangulation region based on a first radial distance from the first wireless probe, a second radial distance from the second wireless probe, and a third radial distance from the third wireless probe, wherein the first radial distance equals the first propagation distance, the second radial distance equals the second propagation distance, and the third radial distance equals the third propagation distance.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into the first propagation distance, the second propagation distance, and the third propagation distance comprises multiplying each of the first, second, and third propagation delays by a speed of propagation of the wireless signal.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the location of the wireless mobile device with respect to the first, second, and third wireless probes using the first, second, and third propagation delays comprises:

respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into a first distance range from the first wireless probe, a second distance range from the second wireless probe, and a third distance range from the third wireless probe; and

determining a region of overlap of the first distance range, the second distance range, and the third distance range.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into the first distance range from the first wireless probe, the second distance range from the second wireless probe, and the third distance range from the third wireless probe comprises:

correlating the first propagation delay with the first distance range from the first wireless probe by consulting a look-up table that associates each of the first, second, and third wireless probes with a respective set of ranges of propagation distances, each range of propagation distances of each respective set of ranges being associated with a range of propagation delays;

correlating the second propagation delay with the second distance range from the second wireless probe by consulting the look-up table; and

correlating the third propagation delay with the third distance range from the third wireless probe by consulting the look-up table.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein each range of propagation distances of each respective set of ranges in the look-up table is further associated with a range of received signal strengths,

wherein the method further comprises determining each of a first received signal strength of the wireless signal received at the first wireless probe, a second received signal strength of the wireless signal received at the second wireless probe, and a third received signal strength of the wireless signal received at the third wireless probe,

and wherein respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into the first distance range from the first wireless probe, the second distance range from the second wireless probe, and the third distance range from the third wireless probe further comprises:

correlating the first received signal strength with the first distance range from the first wireless probe by consulting the look-up table;

correlating the second received signal strength with the second distance range from the second wireless probe by consulting the look-up table; and

correlating the third received signal strength with the third distance range from the third wireless probe by consulting the look-up table.

12. The method of claim 2, wherein the wireless mobile device is located within the building structure,

and wherein determining the location of the wireless mobile device with respect to the first, second, and third wireless probes comprises making a determination of spatial coordinates within the building structure of the wireless mobile device, the first, second, and third locations being configured to maximize an accuracy of the determination.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising pre-configuring a database that includes, for each of the first, second, and third wireless probes, an association between measured propagation delay values and known spatial coordinates within the building structure,

and wherein making the determination of spatial coordinates within the building structure of the wireless mobile device comprises:

based on the first propagation delay, determining in the database a first interpolated propagation delay value and an associated first set of interpolated spatial coordinates;

based on the second propagation delay, determining in the database a second interpolated propagation delay value and an associated second set of spatial coordinates;

based on the third propagation delay, determining in the database a third interpolated propagation delay value and an associated third set of interpolated spatial coordinates; and

determining a spatial region encompassing the first, second, and third interpolated sets of interpolated spatial coordinates.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device includes an identifier of the wireless mobile device.

15. A system for determining a location of a wireless mobile device with respect to an interconnected network of wireless transmission waveguides, the system comprising:

a first wireless probe at a first location within the interconnected network, a second wireless probe at a second location within the interconnected network, and a third wireless probe at a third location within the interconnected network;

one or more processors;

memory; and

machine-language instructions stored in the memory and executable by the one or more processors to cause the system to carry out functions including;

determining a first propagation delay of a wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the first wireless probe, wherein the wireless signal enters the interconnected network through a first opening in a first wireless waveguide that is part of the interconnected network, and thereafter propagates to the first wireless probe along a first path within the interconnected network;

determining a second propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the second wireless probe, wherein the wireless signal enters the interconnected network through a second opening in a second wireless waveguide that is part of the interconnected network, and thereafter propagates to the wireless second probe along a second path within the interconnected network;

determining a third propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the third wireless probe, wherein the wireless signal enters the interconnected network through a third opening in a third wireless waveguide that is part of the interconnected network, and thereafter propagates to the third wireless probe along a third path within the interconnected network, and

determining the location of the wireless mobile device with respect to the first, second, and third wireless probes using the first, second, and third propagation delays.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein the interconnected network comprises a ventilation system of interconnected air ducts in a building structure,

wherein each of the first, second, and third wireless waveguides is one of a supply duct and a return duct,

and wherein each of the first, second, and third openings is one of an air supply diffuser and an air return.

17. The system of claim 15, wherein each of the first, second, and third wireless probes comprises a wireless antenna communicatively coupled with a base transceiver unit,

and wherein the wireless antenna of the first wireless probe is situated at the first location, the wireless antenna of the second wireless probe is situated at the second location, and the wireless antenna of the third wireless probe is situated at the third location.

18. The system of claim 15, wherein determining the first propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the first wireless probe comprises determining a first round-trip delay of a reference signal transmitted from the first wireless probe to the wireless mobile device and back by way of the first path and further by way a first free-space path between the first opening and the wireless mobile device,

wherein determining the second propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the second wireless probe comprises determining a second round-trip delay of the reference signal transmitted from the second wireless probe to the wireless mobile device and back by way of the second path and further by way a second free-space path between the second opening and the wireless mobile device,

and wherein determining the third propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the third wireless probe comprises determining a third round-trip delay of the reference signal transmitted from the third wireless probe to the wireless mobile device and back by way of the third path and further by way a third free-space path between the third opening and the wireless mobile device.

19. The system of claim 15, wherein the wireless signal includes a time stamp indicating an instant in time at which the wireless mobile device transmitted the wireless signal,

wherein determining the first propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the first wireless probe comprises determining a first difference between the time stamp and an arrival time of the wireless signal at the first wireless probe,

wherein determining the second propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the second wireless probe comprises determining a second difference between the time stamp and an arrival time of the wireless signal at the second wireless probe,

and wherein determining the third propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the third wireless probe comprises determining a third difference between the time stamp and an arrival time of the wireless signal at the third wireless probe.

20. The system of claim 15, wherein the wireless signal is detected respectively at the first wireless probe, the second wireless probe, and the third wireless probe at a first arrival time, a second arrival time, and a third arrival time,

wherein determining the first propagation delay comprises algebraically computing the first propagation delay based on a first time difference between the first arrival time and the second arrival time, a second time difference between the first arrival time and the third arrival time, and a third time difference between the second arrival time and the third arrival time,

wherein determining the second propagation delay comprises algebraically computing the second propagation delay based on the first time difference, the second time difference, and the third time difference,

and wherein determining the third propagation delay comprises algebraically computing the third propagation delay based on the first time difference, the second time difference, and the third time difference.

21. The system of claim 15, wherein determining the location of the wireless mobile device with respect to the first, second, and third wireless probes using the first, second, and third propagation delays comprises:

respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into a first propagation distance, a second propagation distance, and a third propagation distance; and

determining a triangulation region based on a first radial distance from the first wireless probe, a second radial distance from the second wireless probe, and a third radial distance from the third wireless probe, wherein the first radial distance equals the first propagation distance, the second radial distance equals the second propagation distance, and the third radial distance equals the third propagation distance.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into the first propagation distance, the second propagation distance, and the third propagation distance comprises multiplying each of the first, second, and third propagation delays by a speed of propagation of the wireless signal.

23. The system of claim 15, wherein determining the location of the wireless mobile device with respect to the first, second, and third wireless probes using the first, second, and third propagation delays comprises:

respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into a first distance range from the first wireless probe, a second distance range from the second wireless probe, and a third distance range from the third wireless probe; and

determining a region of overlap of the first distance range, the second distance range, and the third distance range.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into the first distance range from the first wireless probe, the second distance range from the second wireless probe, and the third distance range from the third wireless probe comprises:

correlating the first propagation delay with the first distance range from the first wireless probe by consulting a look-up table that associates each of the first, second, and third wireless probes with a respective set of ranges of propagation distances, each range of propagation distances of each respective set of ranges being associated with a range of propagation delays;

correlating the second propagation delay with the second distance range from the second wireless probe by consulting the look-up table; and

correlating the third propagation delay with the third distance range from the third wireless probe by consulting the look-up table.

25. The system of claim 23, wherein each range of propagation distances of each respective set of ranges in the look-up table is further associated with a range of received signal strengths,

wherein the functions further include determining each of a first received signal strength of the wireless signal received at the first wireless probe, a second received signal strength of the wireless signal received at the second wireless probe, and a third received signal strength of the wireless signal received at the third wireless probe,

and wherein respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into the first distance range from the first wireless probe, the second distance range from the second wireless probe, and the third distance range from the third wireless probe further comprises:

correlating the first received signal strength with the first distance range from the first wireless probe by consulting the look-up table;

correlating the second received signal strength with the second distance range from the second wireless probe by consulting the look-up table; and

correlating the third received signal strength with the third distance range from the third wireless probe by consulting the look-up table.

26. The system of claim 16, wherein the wireless mobile device is located within the building structure,

and wherein determining the location of the wireless mobile device with respect to the first, second, and third wireless probes comprises making a determination of spatial coordinates within the building structure of the wireless mobile device, the first, second, and third locations being configured to maximize an accuracy of the determination.

27. The system of claim 26, pre-configuring a database that includes, for each of the first, second, and third wireless probes, an association between measured propagation delay values and known spatial coordinates within the building structure,

and wherein making the determination of spatial coordinates within the building structure of the wireless mobile device comprises:

determining in the database a first interpolated propagation delay value and an associated first set of interpolated spatial coordinates, based on the first propagation delay;

determining in the database a second interpolated propagation delay value and an associated second set of interpolated spatial coordinates, based on the second propagation delay;

determining in the database a third interpolated propagation delay value and an associated third set of interpolated spatial coordinates, based on the third propagation delay; and

determining a spatial region encompassing the first, second, and third interpolated sets of interpolated spatial coordinates.

28. The method of claim 15, wherein the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device includes an identifier of the wireless mobile device.

29. A tangible computer-readable medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, if executed by the computing device of an interconnected network of wireless transmission waveguides, cause the computing device to perform a method comprising:

determining a first propagation delay of a wireless signal transmitted from a wireless mobile device to a first wireless probe at a first location within the interconnected network of wireless transmission waveguides, wherein the wireless signal enters the interconnected network through a first opening in a first wireless waveguide that is part of the interconnected network, and thereafter propagates to the first wireless probe along a first path within the interconnected network;

determining a second propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to a second wireless probe at a second location within the interconnected network of wireless transmission waveguides, wherein the wireless signal enters the interconnected network through a second opening in a second wireless waveguide that is part of the interconnected network, and thereafter propagates to the second wireless probe along a second path within the interconnected network;

determining a third propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to a third wireless probe at a third location within the interconnected network of wireless transmission waveguides, wherein the wireless signal enters the interconnected network through a third opening in a third wireless waveguide that is part of the interconnected network, and thereafter propagates to the third wireless probe along a third path within the interconnected network; and

determining the location of the wireless mobile device with respect to the first, second, and third wireless probes using the first, second, and third propagation delays.

30. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the interconnected network comprises a ventilation system of interconnected air ducts in a building structure,

wherein each of the first, second, and third wireless waveguides is one of a supply duct and a return duct,

and wherein each of the first, second, and third openings is one of an air supply diffuser and an air return.

31. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein each of the first, second, and third wireless probes comprises a wireless antenna communicatively coupled with a base transceiver unit,

and wherein the wireless antenna of the first wireless probe is situated at the first location, the wireless antenna of the second wireless probe is situated at the second location, and the wireless antenna of the third wireless probe is situated at the third location.

32. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein determining the first propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the first wireless probe comprises determining a first round-trip delay of a reference signal transmitted from the first wireless probe to the wireless mobile device and back by way of the first path and further by way a first free-space path between the first opening and the wireless mobile device,

wherein determining the second propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the second wireless probe comprises determining a second round-trip delay of the reference signal transmitted from the second wireless probe to the wireless mobile device and back by way of the second path and further by way a second free-space path between the second opening and the wireless mobile device,

and wherein determining the third propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the third wireless probe comprises determining a third round-trip delay of the reference signal transmitted from the third wireless probe to the wireless mobile device and back by way of the third path and further by way a third free-space path between the third opening and the wireless mobile device.

33. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the wireless signal includes a time stamp indicating an instant in time at which the wireless mobile device transmitted the wireless signal,

wherein determining the first propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the first wireless probe comprises determining a first difference between the time stamp and an arrival time of the wireless signal at the first wireless probe,

wherein determining the second propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the second wireless probe comprises determining a second difference between the time stamp and an arrival time of the wireless signal at the second wireless probe,

and wherein determining the third propagation delay of the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device to the third wireless probe comprises determining a third difference between the time stamp and an arrival time of the wireless signal at the third wireless probe.

34. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the wireless signal is detected respectively at the first wireless probe, the second wireless probe, and the third wireless probe at a first arrival time, a second arrival time, and a third arrival time,

wherein determining the first propagation delay comprises algebraically computing the first propagation delay based on a first time difference between the first arrival time and the second arrival time, a second time difference between the first arrival time and the third arrival time, and a third time difference between the second arrival time and the third arrival time,

wherein determining the second propagation delay comprises algebraically computing the second propagation delay based on the first time difference, the second time difference, and the third time difference,

and wherein determining the third propagation delay comprises algebraically computing the third propagation delay based on the first time difference, the second time difference, and the third time difference.

35. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein determining the location of the wireless mobile device with respect to the first, second, and third wireless probes using the first, second, and third propagation delays comprises:

respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into a first propagation distance, a second propagation distance, and a third propagation distance; and

determining a triangulation region based on a first radial distance from the first wireless probe, a second radial distance from the second wireless probe, and a third radial distance from the third wireless probe, wherein the first radial distance equals the first propagation distance, the second radial distance equals the second propagation distance, and the third radial distance equals the third propagation distance.

36. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 35, wherein respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into the first propagation distance, the second propagation distance, and the third propagation distance comprises multiplying each of the first, second, and third propagation delays by a speed of propagation of the wireless signal.

37. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein determining the location of the wireless mobile device with respect to the first, second, and third wireless probes using the first, second, and third propagation delays comprises:

respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into a first distance range from the first wireless probe, a second distance range from the second wireless probe, and a third distance range from the third wireless probe; and

determining a region of overlap of the first distance range, the second distance range, and the third distance range.

38. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 37, wherein respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into the first distance range from the first wireless probe, the second distance range from the second wireless probe, and the third distance range from the third wireless probe comprises:

correlating the first propagation delay with the first distance range from the first wireless probe by consulting a look-up table that associates each of the first, second, and third wireless probes with a respective set of ranges of propagation distances, each range of propagation distances of each respective set of ranges being associated with a range of propagation delays;

correlating the second propagation delay with the second distance range from the second wireless probe by consulting the look-up table; and

correlating the third propagation delay with the third distance range from the third wireless probe by consulting the look-up table.

39. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 37, wherein each range of propagation distances of each respective set of ranges in the look-up table is further associated with a range of received signal strengths,

wherein the method further comprises determining each of a first received signal strength of the wireless signal received at the first wireless probe, a second received signal strength of the wireless signal received at the second wireless probe, and a third received signal strength of the wireless signal received at the third wireless probe,

and wherein respectively converting the first propagation delay, the second propagation delay, and the third propagation delay into the first distance range from the first wireless probe, the second distance range from the second wireless probe, and the third distance range from the third wireless probe further comprises:

correlating the first received signal strength with the first distance range from the first wireless probe by consulting the look-up table;

correlating the second received signal strength with the second distance range from the second wireless probe by consulting the look-up table; and

correlating the third received signal strength with the third distance range from the third wireless probe by consulting the look-up table.

40. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 30, wherein the wireless mobile device is located within the building structure,

and wherein determining the location of the wireless mobile device with respect to the first, second, and third wireless probes comprises making a determination of spatial coordinates within the building structure of the wireless mobile device, the first, second, and third locations being configured to maximize an accuracy of the determination.

41. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 40, wherein the method further comprises pre-configuring a database that includes, for each of the first, second, and third wireless probes, an association between measured propagation delay values and known spatial coordinates within the building structure,

and wherein making the determination of spatial coordinates within the building structure of the wireless mobile device comprises:

based on the first propagation delay, determining in the database a first interpolated propagation delay value and an associated first set of interpolated spatial coordinates;

based on the second propagation delay, determining in the database a second interpolated propagation delay value and an associated second set of interpolated spatial coordinates;

based on the third propagation delay, determining in the database a third interpolated propagation delay value and an associated third set of interpolated spatial coordinates; and

determining a spatial region encompassing the first, second, and third interpolated sets of interpolated spatial coordinates.

42. The tangible computer-readable medium of claim 29, wherein the wireless signal transmitted from the wireless mobile device includes an identifier of the wireless mobile device.