Frame format for millimeter-wave systems

• US 8,429,502 B2
• Filed: 03/12/2007
• Issued: 04/23/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 11/16/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Lakkis, Ismail
• Primary Examiner(s): Baker, Stephen M
• Application Number:
  US11/716,968
• Publication Number:
  US 20070168841A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,234 Days
• Field of Search: 714/783, 714/775
• US Class Current: 714/775
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/1505 Golay Codes
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/611 Specific encoding aspects, e.g. encoding by means of decoding
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 13/618 Shortening and extension of codes
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/0014 Golay
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 13/16 Code allocation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 5/0007 the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT

Abstract

A single frame format is employed by a millimeter wave communication system for single-carrier and OFDM signaling. A Golay-coded sequence in the start frame delimiter (SFD) field identifies the data transmission as single carrier or OFDM. Complementary Golay codes are employed in a channel estimation field to allow a perfect estimate of the multipath channel to be made. Marker codes generated from Golay codes are inserted periodically between slots for tracking and/or for reacquiring timing, frequency, and multipath channel estimates. The length of the marker codes may be adapted relative to the multipath delay spread.

Claims

1. A millimeter wave apparatus, comprising:

a Golay code generator configured to produce at least one Golay code,

a sequence generator configured for generating at least one of a plurality of sequences, each of the plurality of sequences denoting one of a plurality of transmission modes, and

a spreader configured for spreading at least one of the plurality of sequences with the at least one Golay code for producing at least one spread sequence, and selecting the at least one spread sequence in response to at least one transmission mode to generate at least one of a SYNC field and an SFD field.

2. The apparatus recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of transmission modes comprise at least two of a set, the set comprising a single-carrier mode, an OFDM mode, and a dual mode.

3. The apparatus recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of transmission modes comprise at least two different single-carrier transmission modes.

4. A method for generating a millimeter wave signal, comprising:

generating at least one Golay code,

generating a plurality of sequences, each of the plurality of sequences denoting one of a plurality of transmission modes, and

spreading at least one of the plurality of sequences with the at least one Golay code for producing at least one spread sequence, and selecting the at least one spread sequence in response to at least one transmission mode to generate at least one of a SYNC field and an SFD field of the millimeter wave signal.

5. The method recited in claim 4, wherein the plurality of transmission modes comprise at least two of a set, the set comprising a single-carrier mode, an OFDM mode, and a dual mode.

6. A digital computer system programmed to perform the method recited in claim 4.

8. The method recited in claim 4, wherein the plurality of transmission modes comprise at least two different single-carrier transmission modes.

7. A computer-readable storage medium encoded with instructions executable to:

generate at least one Golay code,

generate a plurality of sequences, each of the plurality of sequences denoting one of a plurality of transmission modes, and

spread at least one of the plurality of sequences with the at least one Golay code for producing at least one spread sequence, and selecting the at least one spread sequence in response to at least one transmission mode to generate at least one of a SYNC field and an SFD field of the millimeter wave signal.

9. A millimeter wave transmission system, comprising:

a Golay code generation means configured to generate at least one Golay code,

a sequence generation means configured for generating at least one of a plurality of sequences, each of the plurality of sequences denoting one of a plurality of transmission modes, and

a spreading means configured for spreading at least one of the plurality of sequences with the at least one Golay code for producing at least one spread sequence, and selecting the at least one spread sequence in response to at least one transmission mode to generate at least one of a SYNC field and an SFD field.

10. The system recited in claim 9, wherein the plurality of transmission modes comprise at least two of a set, the set comprising a single-carrier mode, an OFDM mode, and a dual mode.

11. The system recited in claim 9, wherein the plurality of transmission modes comprise at least two different single-carrier transmission modes.

12. A millimeter wave apparatus comprising:

a Golay code generator configured to produce at least one Golay code, and

a despreader configured for employing the at least one Golay code for despreading at least one of a SYNC field and an SFD field in a received signal to produce a despread sequence, the despreader further comprising a sequence detector configured for determining which of a plurality of transmission modes the despread sequence denotes.

13. The apparatus recited in claim 12, further comprising a demodulator, and the sequence detector further configured to send a control signal to the demodulator in response to determining which of a plurality of transmission modes the despread sequence denotes.

14. The apparatus recited in claim 12, wherein the plurality of transmission modes comprise at least two of a single-carrier mode, a multicarrier mode, and a dual mode.

15. The apparatus recited in claim 12, further configured to process the received signal in accordance with which of the plurality of transmission modes the despread sequence denotes.

16. A method for receiving a millimeter wave signal, comprising:

generating at least one Golay code,

employing the at least one Golay code for despreading at least one of a SYNC field and an SFD field in a received signal to produce a despread sequence, and determining which of a plurality of transmission modes the despread sequence denotes.

17. The method recited in claim 16, further comprising demodulating the received signal in response to determining which of the plurality of transmission modes the despread sequence denotes.

18. The method recited in claim 16, wherein the plurality of transmission modes comprise at least two of a single-carrier mode, a multicarrier mode, and a dual mode.

19. The method recited in claim 16, further configured to process the received signal in accordance with which of the plurality of transmission modes the despread sequence denotes.

20. A digital computer system programmed to perform the method recited in claim 16.

21. A computer-readable storage medium encoded with instructions executable to:

generate at least one Golay code,

employ the at least one Golay code for despreading at least one of a SYNC field and an SFD field in a received signal to produce a despread sequence, and

determine which of a plurality of transmission modes the despread sequence denotes.

22. A millimeter wave receiver system, comprising:

a Golay code generation means configured to produce at least one Golay code,

a despreading means configured for employing the at least one Golay code for despreading at least one of a SYNC field and an SFD field in a received signal to produce a despread sequence, and

a sequence-detection means configured for determining which of a plurality of transmission modes the despread sequence denotes.

23. The receiver system recited in claim 22, further comprising a demodulation means configured for demodulating the received signal, the sequence-detection means further configured to send a control signal to the demodulation means in response to determining which of a plurality of transmission modes the despread sequence denotes.

24. The receiver system recited in claim 22, wherein the plurality of transmission modes comprise at least two of a single-carrier mode, a multicarrier mode, and a dual mode.

25. The receiver system recited in claim 22, further configured to process the received signal in accordance with which of the plurality of transmission modes the despread sequence denotes.

26. A millimeter wave apparatus, comprising:

a Golay code generator configured to produce a pair of complementary Golay codes, and

a sequence generator configured for generating a channel-estimation sequence, and

a spreader configured for spreading the channel-estimation sequence with the pair of complementary Golay codes for producing at least one spread sequence configured for producing at least one Dirac pulse when combining matched-filter outputs at a receiver.

27. The apparatus recited in claim 26, wherein the spreader is configured for adding at least one of a cyclic prefix and a postfix to the at least one spread sequence.

28. A method for generating a millimeter wave signal, comprising:

generating a pair of complementary Golay codes, and

generating a channel-estimation sequence, and

spreading the channel-estimation sequence with the pair of complementary Golay codes for producing at least one spread sequence configured for producing at least one Dirac pulse when combining matched-filter outputs at a receiver, wherein the millimeter wave signal to be transmitted to the receiver comprises the at least one spread sequence.

29. The method recited in claim 28, wherein spreading further comprises adding at least one of a cyclic prefix and a postfix to the at least one spread sequence.

30. A digital computer system programmed to perform the method recited in claim 28.

31. A computer-readable storage medium encoded with instructions executable to:

generate a pair of complementary Golay codes, and

generate a channel-estimation sequence, and

spread the channel-estimation sequence with the pair of complementary Golay codes for producing at least one spread sequence configured for producing at least one Dirac pulse when combining matched-filter outputs at a receiver, wherein the millimeter wave signal to be transmitted to the receiver comprises the at least one spread sequence.

32. A millimeter wave transmission system, comprising:

a Golay code generation means configured for generating a pair of complementary Golay codes, and

a sequence generation means configured for generating a channel-estimation sequence, and

a spreading means configured for spreading the channel-estimation sequence with the pair of complementary Golay codes for producing at least one spread sequence configured for producing at least one Dirac pulse when combining matched-filter outputs at a receiver.

33. The transmission system recited in claim 32, wherein the spreading means is configured for adding at least one of a cyclic prefix and a postfix to the at least one spread sequence.

34. A millimeter wave apparatus, comprising:

a Golay code generator configured to produce a pair of complementary Golay codes, and

a matched filter configured to employ the complementary Golay codes for matched filtering a received signal comprising at least one channel-estimation sequence spread with the pair of complementary Golay codes, the matched filter further comprising a combiner configured for combining matched-filter outputs to produce at least one Dirac pulse.

35. The apparatus recited in claim 34, further configured for removing at least one of a cyclic prefix and a postfix from the received signal.

36. A method for receiving a millimeter wave signal, comprising:

generating a pair of complementary Golay codes, and

employing the complementary Golay codes for matched filtering a received signal to produce a plurality of matched-filter outputs, the received signal comprising at least one channel-estimation sequence spread with the pair of complementary Golay codes, and

combining matched-filter outputs to produce at least one Dirac pulse.

37. The method recited in claim 36, further configured for removing at least one of a cyclic prefix and a postfix from the received signal.

38. A digital computer system programmed to perform the method recited in claim 36.

39. A computer-readable storage medium encoded with instructions executable to:

generate a pair of complementary Golay codes, and

employ the complementary Golay codes for matched filtering a received signal to produce a plurality of matched-filter outputs, the received signal comprising at least one channel-estimation sequence spread with the pair of complementary Golay codes, and

combine matched-filter outputs to produce at least one Dirac pulse.

40. A millimeter wave receiver system, comprising:

a Golay code generation means configured to produce a pair of complementary Golay codes,

a matched filtering means configured to employ the complementary Golay codes for matched filtering a received signal comprising at least one channel-estimation sequence spread with the pair of complementary Golay codes, and

a combining means configured for combining outputs of the matched-filtering means to produce at least one Dirac pulse.

41. The system recited in claim 40, further configured for removing at least one of a cyclic prefix and a postfix from the received signal.

42. A millimeter wave apparatus, comprising:

a Golay code generator configured to produce at least one Golay code, wherein the at least one Golay code produced by the Golay code generator comprises a complementary Golay code pair,

a marker-code generator configured for producing a plurality of marker codes from the at least one Golay code, and

a code-insertion element configured for periodically inserting the marker codes between data slots in a sequence of data slots to enable a receiver to perform at least one of a set of functions, comprising tracking, timing acquisition, frequency acquisition, and channel estimation.

43. The apparatus recited in claim 42, wherein the marker-code generator is configured for adapting the code length of the plurality of marker codes.

44. The apparatus recited in claim 42, wherein the marker-code generator is configured for inserting at least one of a cyclic prefix and a postfix to each of the plurality of marker codes.

45. The apparatus recited in claim 42, wherein at least one of the marker-code generator and the code-insertion element is configured to adapt the marker codes for producing a spectrum corresponding to regularly spaced pilot tones in an OFDM signal.

46. A method for generating a millimeter wave signal, comprising:

generating at least one Golay code, wherein the at least one Golay code comprises a complementary Golay code pair,

generating a plurality of marker codes from the at least one Golay code, and

periodically inserting the marker codes between data slots in a sequence of data slots to enable a receiver to perform at least one of a set of functions, comprising tracking, timing acquisition, frequency acquisition, and channel estimation, wherein the millimeter wave signal to be transmitted to the receiver comprises the sequence of data slots with the inserted marker codes.

47. The method recited in claim 46, wherein generating the plurality of marker codes comprises adapting the code length of the plurality of marker codes.

48. The method recited in claim 46, wherein generating a plurality of marker codes further comprises inserting at least one of a cyclic prefix and a postfix to each of the plurality of marker codes.

49. The method recited in claim 46, wherein at least one of generating a plurality of marker codes and periodically inserting the marker codes is configured to adapt the marker codes for producing a spectrum corresponding to regularly spaced pilot tones in an OFDM signal.

50. A digital computer system programmed to perform the method recited in claim 46.

51. A computer-readable storage medium encoded with instructions executable to:

generate at least one Golay code, wherein the at least one Golay code comprises a complementary Golay code pair,

generate a plurality of marker codes from the at least one Golay code, and

periodically insert the marker codes between data slots in a sequence of data slots to enable a receiver to perform at least one of a set of functions, comprising tracking, timing acquisition, frequency acquisition, and channel estimation, wherein the millimeter wave signal to be transmitted to the receiver comprises the sequence of data slots with the inserted marker codes.

52. A millimeter wave transmission system, comprising:

a Golay code generation means configured to produce at least one Golay code, wherein the at least one Golay code produced by the Golay code generation means comprises a complementary Golay code pair,

a marker-code generation means configured for producing a plurality of marker codes from the at least one Golay codes, and

a code-insertion means configured for periodically inserting the marker codes between data slots in a sequence of data slots to enable a receiver to perform at least one of a set of functions, comprising tracking, timing acquisition, frequency acquisition, and channel estimation.

53. The system recited in claim 52, wherein the marker-code generation means is configured for adapting the code length of the plurality of marker codes.

54. The system recited in claim 52, wherein the marker-code generation means is configured for inserting at least one of a cyclic prefix and a postfix to each of the plurality of marker codes.

55. The system recited in claim 52, wherein at least one of the marker-code generation means and the code-insertion means is configured to adapt the marker codes for producing a spectrum corresponding to regularly spaced pilot tones in an OFDM signal.

56. A millimeter wave apparatus, comprising:

a Golay code generator configured to produce at least one Golay code corresponding to at least one of a plurality of marker codes periodically inserted between data slots in a received transmission, and

a synchronization engine configured for employing the at least one Golay code to process the plurality of marker codes for performing at least one of a set of functions, comprising tracking, timing acquisition, frequency acquisition, and channel estimation.

57. The apparatus recited in claim 56, wherein the at least one Golay code produced by the Golay code generator comprises a complementary Golay code pair.

58. The apparatus recited in claim 56, wherein the synchronization engine is configured for measuring delay spread of the received transmission and reporting it back to a transmitter for adapting length of the marker codes.

59. The apparatus recited in claim 56, wherein the synchronization engine is configured for removing at least one of a cyclic prefix and a postfix from each of the plurality of marker codes.

60. A method for receiving a millimeter wave signal, comprising:

generating at least one Golay code corresponding to at least one of a plurality of marker codes periodically inserted between data slots in a received transmission, and

employing the at least one Golay code to process the plurality of marker codes for performing at least one of a set of functions, comprising tracking, timing acquisition, frequency acquisition, and channel estimation.

61. The method recited in claim 60, wherein the at least one Golay code comprises a complementary Golay code pair.

62. The method recited in claim 60, wherein employing the at least one Golay code to process the plurality of marker codes is configured for measuring delay spread of the received transmission and reporting it back to a transmitter for adapting length of the marker codes.

63. The method recited in claim 60, wherein employing the at least one Golay code to process the plurality of marker codes is configured for removing at least one of a cyclic prefix and a postfix from each of the plurality of marker codes.

64. A digital computer system programmed to perform the method recited in claim 60.

65. A computer-readable storage medium encoded with instructions executable to:

generate at least one Golay code corresponding to at least one of a plurality of marker codes periodically inserted between data slots in a received transmission, and

employ the at least one Golay code to process the plurality of marker codes for performing at least one of a set of functions, comprising tracking, timing acquisition, frequency acquisition, and channel estimation.

66. A millimeter wave receiver system, comprising:

a Golay code generation means configured to produce at least one Golay code corresponding to at least one of a plurality of marker codes periodically inserted between data slots in a received transmission, and

a synchronization engine means configured for employing the at least one Golay code to process the plurality of marker codes for performing at least one of a set of functions, comprising tracking, timing acquisition, frequency acquisition, and channel estimation.

67. The system recited in claim 66, wherein the at least one Golay code produced by the Golay code generation means comprises a complementary Golay code pair.

68. The system recited in claim 66, wherein the synchronization engine means is configured for measuring delay spread of the received transmission and reporting it back to a transmitter for adapting length of the marker codes.

69. The system recited in claim 66, wherein the synchronization engine means is configured for removing at least one of a cyclic prefix and a postfix from each of the plurality of marker codes.

70. A method for providing a sub-slot transmission sequence with at least one prefix, wherein the sub-slot transmission sequence employs an inverse Fourier transform of length N, the method comprising:

generating a Golay sequence comprising M symbols wherein M<

N, wherein M is selected with respect to channel delay in a multipath channel,

allocating a sub-slot length of N-M symbols, and

employing the Golay sequence to produce the at least one prefix, each of the at least one prefix comprising M symbols.

71. The method recited in claim 70, wherein the Golay sequence comprises at least one of a set of complementary Golay codes.

72. The method recited in claim 70, further comprising receiving the sub-slot transmission sequence and processing the at least one prefix for performing at least one of channel tracking, timing-offset tracking, and frequency-offset tracking.

73. The method recited in claim 70, further comprising employing the Golay sequence to produce at least one postfix, each of the at least one postfix comprising M symbols.

74. A digital computer system programmed to perform the method recited in claim 70.

75. A computer-readable storage medium encoded with instructions executable to:

generate a Golay sequence comprising M symbols wherein M<

N, wherein M is selected with respect to channel delay in a multipath channel,

allocate a sub-slot length of N-M symbols, and

employ the Golay sequence to produce the at least one prefix, each of the at least one prefix comprising M symbols.

76. An apparatus configured for generating a sub-slot transmission sequence with at least one prefix, wherein the apparatus employs an inverse Fourier transform of length N, the apparatus comprising:

a Golay sequence generator configured for generating a Golay sequence comprising M symbols wherein M<

N, wherein the Golay sequence generator is configured to select M with respect to channel delay in a multipath channel,

a sub-slot sequence generator configured for generating a Golay-code modulated data sequence having a sub-slot length of N-M symbols, and

a prefix generator configured for employing the Golay sequence to produce the at least one prefix, each of the at least one prefix comprising M symbols.

77. The apparatus recited in claim 76, wherein the Golay sequence generator is configured to generate at least one of a set of complementary Golay codes.

78. The apparatus recited in claim 76, further comprising a Golay receiver adapted for receiving the sub-slot transmission sequence and processing the at least one prefix for performing at least one of channel tracking, timing-offset tracking, and frequency-offset tracking.

79. The apparatus recited in claim 76, further comprising a postfix generator configured to produce at least one postfix, each of the at least one postfix comprising M symbols.

80. A system configured for generating a sub-slot transmission sequence comprising at least one prefix, wherein the system employs an inverse Fourier transform of length N, the apparatus comprising:

a Golay sequence generation means configured for generating a Golay sequence comprising M symbols wherein M<

N, wherein the Golay sequence generation means is configured to select M with respect to channel delay in a multipath channel,

a sub-slot sequence generation means configured for generating a Golay-code modulated data sequence having a sub-slot length of N-M symbols, and

a prefix generation means configured for employing the Golay sequence to produce the at least one prefix, each of the at least one prefix comprising M symbols.

81. The system recited in claim 80, wherein the Golay sequence generation means is configured to generate at least one of a set of complementary Golay codes.

82. The system recited in claim 80, further comprising a Golay receiving means adapted for receiving the sub-slot transmission sequence and processing the at least one prefix for performing at least one of channel tracking, timing-offset tracking, and frequency-offset tracking.

83. The system recited in claim 80, further comprising a postfix generation means configured to produce at least one postfix, each of the at least one postfix comprising M symbols.

84. A network device, comprising:

a Golay code generator configured to produce at least one Golay code,

a sequence generator configured for generating at least one of a plurality of sequences, each of the plurality of sequences denoting one of a plurality of transmission modes,

a spreader configured for spreading at least one of the plurality of sequences with the at least one Golay code for producing at least one spread sequence, and selecting the at least one spread sequence in response to at least one transmission mode to generate at least one of a SYNC field and an SFD field, and

a wireless interface configured to transmit a signal comprising the at least one of SYNC field and SFD field.

85. A network device, comprising:

a wireless interface configured to receive a signal,

a Golay code generator configured to produce at least one Golay code, and

a despreader configured for employing the at least one Golay code for despreading at least one of a SYNC field and an SFD field in the received signal to produce a despread sequence, the despreader further comprising a sequence detector configured for determining which of a plurality of transmission modes the despread sequence denotes.

86. A network device, comprising:

a Golay code generator configured to produce a pair of complementary Golay codes, and

a sequence generator configured for generating a channel-estimation sequence,

a spreader configured for spreading the channel-estimation sequence with the pair of complementary Golay codes for producing at least one spread sequence configured for producing at least one Dirac pulse when combining matched-filter outputs at another network device, and

a wireless interface configured to transmit, to the other network device, a signal comprising the at least one spread sequence.

87. A network device, comprising:

a wireless interface configured to receive a signal,

a Golay code generator configured to produce at least one Golay code corresponding to at least one of a plurality of marker codes periodically inserted between data slots in the received signal, and

a synchronization engine configured for employing the at least one Golay code to process the plurality of marker codes for performing at least one of a set of functions, comprising tracking, timing acquisition, frequency acquisition, and channel estimation.

88. A network device configured for generating a sub-slot transmission sequence with at least one prefix, wherein the network device employs an inverse Fourier transform of length N, the network device comprising:

a Golay sequence generator configured for generating a Golay sequence comprising M symbols wherein M<

N, wherein the Golay sequence generator is configured to select M with respect to channel delay in a multipath channel,

a sub-slot sequence generator configured for generating a Golay-code modulated data sequence having a sub-slot length of N-M symbols,

a prefix generator configured for employing the Golay sequence to produce the at least one prefix, each of the at least one prefix comprising M symbols, and

a wireless interface configured to transmit the sub-slot transmission sequence with the at least one prefix.