Distributed real-time data mixing for conferencing

• US 8,437,281 B2
• Filed: 03/27/2007
• Issued: 05/07/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 03/27/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: Walker, Douglas Jay, Turner, Bryan, Baker, Charles L.
• Primary Examiner(s): WILSON, ROBERT W
• Application Number:
  US11/691,657
• Publication Number:
  US 20080239997A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,233 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 370/259
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 12/66 Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways

Abstract

In one embodiment, a method includes receiving data that indicates a maximum number of end nodes with which to set up real-time data sessions that is less than a conference number of nodes whose data is mixed in a single real-time data conference. Real-time data sessions are established with a connected set of a connected number of nodes not greater than the maximum number. A mix of the real-time data received from the connected set is presented to a user of the first node. Local real-time data is received from a user. The received real-time data is distributed by mixing and sending. This includes, for each individual node in the connected set, mixing received local real-time data with real-time data received from other nodes in the connected set different from the individual node to form individual mixed real-time data, and sending the individual mixed real-time data to the individual node.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

receiving, at a first node in a network, a request from a second node to join a conference, wherein the first node is associated with a maximum number of nodes configured to establish data sessions, wherein the conference is associated with a conference number of nodes, and wherein the conference number of nodes is greater than the maximum number of nodes;

establishing a data session between the first node and the second node;

receiving, at the first node, real-time data from a plurality of nodes associated with the conference;

mixing, at the first node, the real-time data to generate a mixed data stream; and

sending the mixed data stream to the second node.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving, at the first node, real-time data from the second node;

mixing, at the first node, the real-time data from the plurality of nodes with the real-time data from the second node to generate a second mixed data stream; and

providing the second mixed data stream to an output device associated with the first node.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

establishing a number of data sessions between the first node and the plurality of nodes; and

forming a hierarchy between the first node and the plurality of nodes, wherein each of the plurality of nodes is connected to the first node by at most one path for the conference.

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising receiving, at the first node, one or more mixed data streams generated at the plurality of nodes without receiving the mixed data stream generated at the first node.

5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:

receiving, at the first node, a request from a third node to join the conference;

determining, in response to receiving the request, whether the data sessions associated with the maximum number of nodes have already been established; and

in response to determining that the data sessions have already been established, directing either the third node or an other node of the plurality of nodes to establish a data session with a different node associated with the conference.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the conference is organized as a loop-free hierarchy of nodes comprising a root node, end-point nodes, and intermediary nodes connecting the root node with the end-point nodes, wherein each of the intermediary nodes is associated with at most one parent node and at least one child node, and wherein the different node comprises a parent node of the first node.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the conference is organized as a loop-free hierarchy of nodes comprising a root node, end-point nodes, and intermediary nodes connecting the root node with the end-point nodes, wherein each of the intermediary nodes is associated with at most one parent node and at least one child node, and wherein the different node comprises a child node of the first node.

8. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

comparing, at the first node, a measure of affinity between the first node and the third node with a measure of affinity between the first node and the other node; and

selecting, in response to said comparing, a node associated with a smallest measure of affinity, wherein the selected node is directed to establish the data connection with the different node.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the measure of affinity is associated with a latency of data packet arrival at the first node.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the measure of affinity is determined by a social relationship associated with the third node and the first node.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving, at the first node, a request from a third node to join the conference;

comparing, at the first node, a measure of affinity between the third node and the first node with a measure of affinity between the first node and one of the plurality of nodes to identify a node associated with a smallest measure of affinity; and

directing, in response to said comparing, the node associated with the smallest measure of affinity to establish a data session with a different node.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining that the data session is terminated with the second node;

identifying an idle data session between the first node and a third node; and

establishing an active data session with the third node in response to determining that the data session with the second node is terminated.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the conference is organized as a loop-free hierarchy of nodes comprising a root node, end-point nodes, and intermediary nodes connecting the root node with the end-point nodes, wherein each of the intermediary nodes is associated with at most one parent node and at least one child node, and wherein, in response to determining that the data session is terminated, the first node is re-defined as a child node of the third node and the third node is re-defined as a parent node of the first node.

14. An apparatus, which is a first node in a packet switched network, the apparatus comprising:

a network interface configured for communicating a data packet with a packet-switched network; and

a processing device coupled to the network interface, wherein the processing device is configured to;

receive a request from a second node to join a conference, wherein the first node is associated with a maximum number of nodes configured to establish data sessions, wherein the conference is associated with a conference number of nodes, and wherein the conference number of nodes is greater than the maximum number of nodes;

establish a data session between the first node and the second node;

receive, at the first node, real-time data from a plurality of nodes associated with the conference;

mix, at the first node, the real-time data to generate a mixed data stream; and

send the mixed data stream to the second node.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further configured to:

mix real-time data from the plurality of nodes with the real-time data from the second node to generate a second mixed data stream; and

provide the second mixed data stream to an output device associated with the first node.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further configured to:

establish a number of data sessions with the plurality of nodes; and

form a hierarchy with the plurality of nodes, wherein each of the plurality of nodes is connected to the first node by at most one path for the conference.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the processing device is further configured to:

forward one or more mixed data streams generated at the plurality of nodes without receiving the mixed data stream generated at the first node.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processing device is further configured to:

determine that the data session is terminated with the second node;

identify an idle data session between the first node and a third node; and

establish an active data session with the third node in response to determining that the data session with the second node is terminated.

19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further configured to:

process a request from a third node to join the conference;

determine, in response to receiving the request, whether the data sessions associated with the maximum number nodes have already been established; and

in response to determining that the data sessions have already been established, direct either the third node or an other node of the plurality of nodes to establish a data session with a different node associated with the conference.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the conference is organized as a loop-free hierarchy of nodes comprising a root node, end-point nodes, and intermediary nodes connecting the root node with the end-point nodes, wherein each of the intermediary nodes is associated with at most one parent node and at least one child node, and wherein the different node comprises a parent node of the first node.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the conference is organized as a loop-free hierarchy of nodes comprising a root node, end-point nodes, and intermediary nodes connecting the root node with the end-point nodes, wherein each of the intermediary nodes is associated with at most one parent node and at least one child node, and wherein the different node comprises a child node of the first node.

22. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the processing device is further configured to:

compare a measure of affinity between the first node and the third node with a measure of affinity between the first node and the other node; and

select, in response to said comparing, a node associated with a smallest measure of affinity, wherein the selected node is directed to establish the data connection with the different node.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the measure of affinity is associated with a latency of data packet arrival at the network interface.

24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the measure of affinity is determined by reliability of data packet arrival associated with the third node and the first node.

25. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processing device is further configured to:

receive a request from a third node to join the conference;

compare, a measure of affinity between the third node and the first node with a measure of affinity with one of the plurality of nodes to identify a node associated with a smallest measure of affinity; and

direct, in response to said comparing, the node associated with the smallest measure of affinity to establish a data session with a different node.

26. A memory device having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by a processing device, cause the processing device to perform operations comprising:

receiving data that indicates a maximum number of nodes with which to set up a real-time data session that is less than a conference number of nodes whose data is mixed in a single real-time data conference;

setting up the real-time data session with a connected set of nodes, wherein the connected set includes a connected number of nodes not greater than the maximum number of nodes;

receiving real-time data from up to all nodes in the connected set; and

distributing the received real-time data by performing, for each individual node in the connected set, the steps of;

mixing real-time data received from up to one less than the connected number of other nodes in the connected set different from the individual node to form individual mixed real-time data, and

sending the individual mixed real-time data to the individual node.

27. An apparatus, comprising:

means for receiving a request from a network node to join a conference;

means for establishing a data session with the network node;

means for receiving real-time data from a plurality of nodes associated with the conference;

means for mixing the real-time data to generate a mixed data stream; and

means for sending the mixed data stream to the network node.