Safe-mode operation of an implantable medical device

• US 8,437,853 B2
• Filed: 01/27/2012
• Issued: 05/07/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 07/21/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: LivaNova USA, Inc. (LivaNova Plc)
• Original Assignee: Cyberonics, Inc
• Inventors: Inman, Dana Michael, Armstrong, Randolph K., Armstrong, Scott A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Getzow, Scott
• Assistant Examiner(s): PATTON, AMANDA K
• Application Number:
  US13/359,720
• Publication Number:
  US 20120130452A1
• Time in Patent Office: 466 Days
• Field of Search: 607/9, 607/27
• US Class Current: 607/27
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36082 Cognitive or psychiatric applications, e.g. dementia or Alzheimer's disease
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36114 Cardiac control, e.g. by vagal stimulation stimulating the heart A61N1/362
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36142 for improving safety
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36146 specified by the stimulation parameters
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3718 Monitoring of or protection against external electromagnetic fields or currents

Abstract

An implantable medical device (IMD) may include a lead circuit including a first node configured to be coupled to a first lead that may be coupled to a first target tissue and including a second node configured to be coupled to a second lead that may be coupled to a second target tissue. The IMD may include an impedance unit that may determine at least one characteristic of coupled energy associated with the lead circuit, where the coupled energy may be produced by a source external to the IMD. The impedance unit may provide an impedance between the first node and the second node, where the impedance is selected based at least in part on a characteristic of the coupled energy. The impedance is selected to reduce the coupled energy or a negative effect associated with functionality of the IMD induced by the coupled energy.

Claims

1. An implantable medical device comprising:

a lead circuit comprising;

a first node configured to be coupled to a first lead coupled to a first target tissue, and

a second node configured to be coupled to a second lead coupled to a second target tissue; and

an impedance unit to;

determine at least one characteristic of coupled energy associated with the lead circuit, wherein the coupled energy is produced by a source external to the implantable medical device;

select a first impedance from a plurality of impedances other than an open circuit impedance, wherein the first impedance is selected based on the at least one characteristic of the coupled energy to reduce at least one of the coupled energy and a negative effect associated with a functionality of the implantable medical device induced by the coupled energy; and

provide the first impedance between the first node and the second node.

2. The implantable medical device of claim 1, further comprising a stimulation unit to deliver stimulation signals to at least one of the first lead and the second lead to deliver a therapy to at least one of the first target tissue and the second target tissue.

3. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the negative effect is at least one of interference with delivery of a therapy to at least one of the first target tissue and the second target tissue by the implantable medical device, damage to an area adjacent to at least one of the first target tissue and the second target tissue caused from thermal energy induced by the coupled energy, and a thermal change associated with at least one of the first lead and the second lead induced by the coupled energy.

4. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the implantable medical device comprises a detection unit to detect thermal energy associated with at least one of the first lead and the second lead, and wherein detection of the thermal energy attributable to the coupled energy by the detection unit causes the implantable medical device to activate the impedance unit.

5. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the characteristic of the coupled energy comprises a magnetic resonance imaging signal level including one of 0.3 Tesla, 0.5 Tesla, 0.7 Tesla, 1.0 Tesla, 1.5 Tesla, 3.0 Tesla, 5.0 Tesla, and 7.0 Tesla.

6. The implantable medical device of claim 1, further comprising an active cancellation unit that provides a signal to reduce current induced by the coupled energy.

7. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the first impedance includes at least one of a capacitive impedance and an inductive impedance.

8. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the at least one characteristic of the coupled energy is one or more of frequency of the coupled energy, amplitude of the coupled energy, a voltage level of the coupled energy, and a current level of the coupled energy.

9. The implantable medical device of claim 1, further comprising an impedance array coupled between the first node and the second node, wherein the impedance array is configured to adjust an impedance provided between the first node and the second node to the first impedance, and wherein the impedance unit controls adjustment of the impedance array to provide the first impedance, between the first node and the second node.

10. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the implantable medical device is configured to activate the impedance unit to provide the first impedance upon receipt of a safe-mode signal from a health care provider that indicates the presence of the coupled energy.

11. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the implantable medical device is further configured to activate the impedance unit when a voltage level of the coupled energy satisfies a voltage-threshold.

12. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the implantable medical device is further configured to activate the impedance unit when a current level of the coupled energy satisfies a current-threshold.

13. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the implantable medical device is further configured to:

detect a change in the coupled energy; and

in response to detecting the change, activate the impedance unit to provide a replacement impedance between the first node and the second node in place of the first impedance, wherein the replacement impedance is selected based at least in part on the change, and is selected to reduce a current induced by the coupled energy.

14. An implantable medical device comprising:

a lead circuit comprising;

a first node configured to be coupled to a first lead coupled to a first target tissue, and

a second node configured to be coupled to a second lead coupled to a second target tissue;

a detection unit to;

detect coupled energy associated with the lead circuit, wherein the coupled energy is produced by a source external to the implantable medical device, and

determine at least one characteristic of the coupled energy;

an impedance array coupled between the first node and the second node, wherein the impedance array is configured to modify an impedance provided between the first node and the second node; and

an impedance unit to;

cause the impedance array to adjust the impedance provided between the first node and the second node to a first impedance selected from a plurality of impedances other than an open circuit impedance based at least in part on the at least one characteristic of the coupled energy, wherein the impedance is adjusted to the first impedance to reduce at least one of the coupled energy and a negative effect associated with a functionality of the implantable medical device induced by the coupled energy.

15. The implantable medical device of claim 14, wherein the target tissue is a vagus nerve.

16. The implantable medical device of claim 14, wherein the detection unit is further configured to detect a change in the coupled energy, and wherein the impedance unit is further configured to cause the impedance array to adjust the impedance to a second impedance in response to detecting the change, wherein the impedance is adjusted based at least in part on the change.

17. The implantable medical device of claim 14, further comprising an active cancellation unit that provides a cancellation current that reduces the coupled energy by cancelling a current that is induced by the coupled energy.

18. An implantable medical device comprising:

a lead circuit comprising;

a first node configured to be coupled to a first lead coupled to a first target tissue, and

a second node configured to be coupled to a second lead coupled to a second target tissue;

a detection unit to;

detect coupled energy associated with the lead circuit, wherein the coupled energy is produced by a source external to the implantable medical device, and

determine at least one characteristic of the coupled energy;

an impedance array coupled between the first node and the second node, wherein the impedance array is configured to modify an impedance provided between the first node and the second node;

an impedance unit to;

cause the impedance array to adjust the impedance provided between the first node and the second node to a first impedance selected from a plurality of impedances other than an open circuit impedance based at least in part on the at least one characteristic of the coupled energy, wherein the impedance is adjusted to the first impedance to reduce at least one of the coupled energy and a negative effect associated with a functionality of the implantable medical device induced by the coupled energy; and

a stimulation unit to deliver stimulation signals to at least one of the first lead and the second lead to deliver a therapy to at least one of the first target tissue and the second target tissue.

19. The implantable medical device of claim 18, further comprising a communication unit to communicate with an external computer system to enable the external computer system to control operation of the implantable medical device.

20. The implantable medical device of claim 18, further comprising a communication unit to communicate with an external computer system to enable the external computer system to program the implantable medical device.