Ribbon liquefier for use in extrusion-based digital manufacturing systems

• US 8,439,665 B2
• Filed: 11/04/2009
• Issued: 05/14/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Stratasys Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Stratasys Incorporated
• Inventors: Batchelder, J. Samuel, Swanson, William J., Crump, S. Scott
• Primary Examiner(s): Gupta, Yogendra
• Assistant Examiner(s): Luk, Emmanuel S
• Application Number:
  US12/612,329
• Publication Number:
  US 20110074065A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,287 Days
• Field of Search: 425/375, 425/113, 425/DIG.17, 425/97, 425/144, 425/145, 425/162, 264/75, 264/245, 264/255, 264/308, 700/119
• US Class Current: 425/144
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 41/46 Heating or cooling
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/05 Filamentary, e.g. strands
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/07 Flat, e.g. panels
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 48/2888 in band or in strip form, e.g. rubber strips
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/106 using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/118 using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 64/386 Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2025/00 Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2055/02 ABS polymers, i.e. acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2069/00 Use of PC, i.e. polycarbonates or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2077/00 Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2079/085 Thermoplastic polyimides, e.g. polyesterimides, PEI, i.e. polyetherimides, or polyamideimides; Derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2081/06 PSU, i.e. polysulfones; PES, i.e. polyethersulfones or derivatives thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/0032 Pigments, colouring agents or opacifiyng agents
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/0044 Stabilisers, e.g. against oxydation, light or heat
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/0067 Melt
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2105/16 Fillers
• CPC Class Codes: B29L 2009/00 Layered products
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 30/00 Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 40/00 : Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 50/02 : for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 70/00 : Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing

Abstract

A ribbon liquefier comprising an outer liquefier portion configured to receive thermal energy from a heat transfer component, and a channel at least partially defined by the outer liquefier portion, where the channel has dimensions that are configured to receive the ribbon filament, and where the ribbon liquefier is configured to melt the ribbon filament received in the channel to at least an extrudable state with the received thermal energy to provide a melt flow. The dimensions of the channel are further configured to conform the melt flow from an axially-asymmetric flow to a substantially axially-symmetric flow in an extrusion tip connected to the ribbon liquefier.

Claims

1. A ribbon liquefier for use in an extrusion-based digital manufacturing system, the ribbon liquefier comprising:

an outer liquefier portion configured to receive thermal energy from a heat transfer component;

a static channel at least partially defined by the outer liquefier portion, the static channel having an inlet end with dimensions that are configured to receive a ribbon filament, and an outlet end, wherein the ribbon liquefier is configured to melt the ribbon filament received in the static channel to at least an extrudable state with the received thermal energy to provide a melt flow, and wherein the dimensions of the channel are further configured to conform the melt flow to an axially-asymmetric flow within the static channel; and

an extrusion tip extending from the outer liquefier portion at the outlet end of the static channel, wherein the dimensions of the extrusion tip are configured to conform the melt flow from the axially-asymmetric flow in the static channel to a substantially axially-symmetric flow for extrusion from the extrusion tip.

2. The ribbon liquefier of claim 1, wherein the dimensions of the static channel define an arcuate cross-section.

3. The ribbon liquefier of claim 1, wherein the dimensions of the static channel define a cross section having a width and a thickness, wherein an aspect ratio of the width to the thickness is about 2:

1 or greater.

4. The ribbon liquefier of claim 3, wherein aspect ratio of the width to the thickness ranges from 2.5:

1 to about 20;

1.

5. The ribbon liquefier of claim 1, wherein the outlet end of the static channel is opposite of the inlet end of the static channel along an axis.

6. The ribbon liquefier of claim 1, and further comprising a fixed core portion disposed within the outer liquefier portion and also partially defining the static channel, the fixed core portion being configured to provide backing support to the ribbon filament when a filament drive mechanism is engaged with the ribbon filament.

7. The ribbon liquefier of claim 6, and further comprising a fixed shim component disposed between the outer liquefier portion and the fixed core portion, the fixed shim component defining a gap that further defines the static channel.

8. An extrusion head subassembly for use in an extrusion-based digital manufacturing system, the extrusion head subassembly comprising:

a ribbon liquefier comprising;

an inlet region;

a heatable region extending from the inlet region;

a static channel extending through the inlet region and the heatable region, the static channel comprising;

an arcuate cross section;

an inlet end at the inlet region that is configured to receive a ribbon filament; and

an outlet end at the heatable region; and

an extrusion tip extending from the heatable region at the outlet end of the static channel, the extrusion-tip having a substantially-circular inner-diameter cross section; and

a heat transfer component coupled to the heatable region of the ribbon liquefier and configured to transfer thermal energy to the heatable region to melt the received ribbon filament in the heatable region to provide a melt flow that conforms from an axially-asymmetric flow in the static channel to a substantially axially-symmetric flow in the extrusion tip.

9. The extrusion head subassembly of claim 8, wherein the ribbon liquefier further comprises:

an outer tube having an exterior surface and an interior surface, wherein the exterior surface of the outer tube is configured to engage with the heat transfer component;

a fixed core portion disposed within the outer tube and having an exterior surface; and

a fixed shim component disposed between the outer tube and the fixed core portion, wherein the fixed shim component having a gap that extends along a longitudinal length of the fixed shim component, and wherein the gap defines the static channel between the interior surface of the outer tube and the exterior surface of the fixed core portion.

10. The extrusion head subassembly of claim 8, wherein the arcuate cross section has an arcuate width that extends at an angle from a radially-concentric point, wherein the angle ranges from about 30 degrees to about 180 degrees.

11. The extrusion head subassembly of claim 10, wherein the angle ranges from about 45 degrees to about 130 degrees.

12. The extrusion head subassembly of claim 8, wherein the fixed core portion comprises a fixed core tube.

13. The extrusion head subassembly of claim 8, and further comprising a fluorinated polymer at an inner surface of the static channel within the inlet region of the ribbon liquefier.

14. The extrusion head subassembly of claim 8, wherein the heatable region extends from the inlet region along an axis, and wherein the outlet end of the static channel is opposite of the inlet end of the static channel along the axis.

15. An extrusion head subassembly for use in an extrusion-based digital manufacturing system, the extrusion head subassembly comprising:

a ribbon liquefier comprising;

an inlet region;

a heatable region extending from the inlet region;

a static channel extending through the inlet region and the heatable region, the static channel comprising;

a substantially-rectangular cross section;

an inlet end at the inlet region that is configured to receive a ribbon filament of a material; and

an outlet end at the heatable region; and

an extrusion tip extending from the heatable region at the outlet end of the static channel, the extrusion-tip having a substantially-circular inner-diameter cross section; and

a heat transfer component coupled to the heatable region of the ribbon liquefier and configured to transfer thermal energy to the heatable region;

wherein the heatable region of the ribbon liquefier is configured to transfer the thermal energy received from the heat transfer component to the received ribbon filament in the heatable region in a manner such that at least about 60% of the thermal energy diffuses through the ribbon filament in one cross-sectional dimension of the ribbon filament to provide a melt flow of the ribbon filament material that conforms from an axially-asymmetric flow in the static channel to a substantially axially-symmetric flow in the extrusion tip.

16. The extrusion head subassembly of claim 15, wherein the manner in which the heatable region of the ribbon liquefier is configured to transfer the thermal energy to the received ribbon filament in the heatable region is such that that at least about 65% of the thermal energy diffuses through the ribbon filament in the one cross-sectional dimension of the ribbon filament.

17. The extrusion head subassembly of claim 16, wherein the heatable region extends from the inlet region along an axis, and wherein the outlet end of the static channel is opposite of the inlet end of the static channel along the axis.

18. The extrusion head subassembly of claim 15, wherein the substantially rectangular cross section of the has a width and a thickness in the heatable region, wherein an aspect ratio of the width to the thickness in the heatable region is about 2:

1 or greater.

19. The extrusion head subassembly of claim 18, wherein aspect ratio of the width to the thickness in the heatable region ranges from 3:

1 to about 10;

1.

20. The extrusion head subassembly of claim 15, and further comprising a fluorinated polymer at an inner surface of the static channel within the inlet region of the ribbon liquefier.