Power transfer devices, methods, and systems with crowbar switch shunting energy-transfer reactance

• US 8,441,819 B2
• Filed: 07/05/2012
• Issued: 05/14/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 06/29/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: CE+T Group SA
• Original Assignee: Ideal Power Converters, Inc.
• Inventors: Alexander, William C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhane, Adolf
• Assistant Examiner(s): Finch, III, Fred E
• Application Number:
  US13/541,902
• Publication Number:
  US 20130069605A1
• Time in Patent Office: 313 Days
• Field of Search: 323/222, 323/239, 363/13, 363/15, 363/17, 363/34, 363/50, 363/55, 363/56.02, 363/123, 363/124, 363/142, 361/54, 361/55
• US Class Current: 363/50
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 5/225 comprising two stages of AC-AC conversion, e.g. having a high frequency intermediate link
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 5/275 using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 5/458 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/4807 having a high frequency intermediate AC stage
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/4815 Resonant converters H02M7/4811 and H02M7/4826 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/797 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

The present application discloses methods, circuits and systems for power conversion, using a universal multiport architecture. When a transient appears on the power input (which can be, for example, polyphase AC), the input and output switches are opened, and a crowbar switch shunts the inductance which is used for energy transfer. This prevents this inductance from creating an overvoltage when it is disconnected from outside lines.

Claims

1. A Buck-Boost Converter, comprising:

first and second switch arrays, each comprising at least two bidirectional switching devices;

a substantially parallel inductor-capacitor combination connected to each said switch array; and

a link switch, connected across said inductor-capacitor combination in a crowbar configuration which includes a resistance element which is connected to dissipate energy stored in said substantially parallel inductor-capacitor combination when said link switch is on;

wherein a first one of said switch arrays is operatively connected to a power input, and is operated to drive power into said inductor-capacitor combination with a non-sinusoidal waveform;

and wherein a second one of said switch arrays is operated to extract power from said inductor-capacitor combination to an output;

and wherein, when said link switch is on, said switch arrays are connected to totally disconnect said substantially parallel inductor-capacitor combination from said power input and said output.

2. The converter of claim 1, wherein said switch arrays are full-bridge arrays.

3. The converter of claim 1, wherein said switch arrays are symmetrically connected to said substantially parallel inductor-capacitor combination.

4. The converter of claim 1, wherein said power input is shunted by a capacitor which provides a low-impedance voltage source thereat.

5. The converter of claim 1, wherein said output is shunted by a capacitor which provides a low-impedance voltage sink thereat.

6. The converter of claim 1, wherein said inductor is implemented by a transformer.

7. A Buck-Boost Converter, comprising:

an energy-transfer reactance comprising at least one inductor paralleled with at least one capacitor; and

a link switch, connected across energy-transfer reactance in a crowbar configuration which includes a resistance element which is connected to dissipate energy stored in said reactance when said link switch is on;

a plurality of input switch arrays, each said array configured to drive AC current, with no average DC current, through said reactance; and

a plurality of output switch arrays, each connected to extract energy from said reactance;

said arrays having no more than two switches driving or extracting energy from said reactance at any given time;

wherein said input switch arrays individually drive said reactance with a non-sinusoidal voltage waveform;

and wherein, when said link switch is on, said switch arrays are connected to totally disconnect said reactance from a power input and a power output of the converter.

8. The converter of claim 7, wherein said switch arrays are full-bridge arrays.

9. The converter of claim 7, wherein said switch arrays each selectably connect said reactance to a low-impedance voltage source/sink.

10. The converter of claim 7, wherein said inductor is implemented as a transformer.

11. A method for operating a Buck-Boost Converter, comprising the actions of:

(a) operating a first bridge switch array, comprising bidirectional switching devices, to operatively connect at least one terminal of a reactance comprising at least one inductor paralleled with at least one capacitor to a power input, with polarity which reverses at different times;

(b) operating a second bridge switch array, comprising bidirectional switching devices, to operatively connect at least one terminal of said reactance to a power output, with polarity which reverses at different times; and

(c) under at least some overvoltage conditions, disconnecting said reactance from said power input or said power output or both, while also dumping energy from said reactance through a link switch which shunts said reactance;

wherein said actions (a) and (b) are not performed simultaneously, and

wherein, when said link switch is on, said bridge switch arrays are connected to totally disconnect said reactance from said power input and said power output.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said reactance is driven at a base frequency which is less than half its resonant frequency.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein said bridge arrays are symmetrically connected to said reactance.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein said reactance comprises a transformer.