Traffic load control in a mesh network

• US 8,442,029 B2
• Filed: 09/19/2011
• Issued: 05/14/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 09/15/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Itron Global Sarl (Itron, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Itron, Inc.
• Inventors: Picard, Gilles
• Primary Examiner(s): Duong, Frank
• Application Number:
  US13/236,251
• Publication Number:
  US 20120002547A1
• Time in Patent Office: 603 Days
• Field of Search: 370328-350, 370/503
• US Class Current: 370/350
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 4/004 Remote reading of utility meters to a fixed location
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 4/006 Remote reading of utility meters to a non-fixed location, i.e. mobile location
• CPC Class Codes: G08C 19/16 in which transmission is by pulses
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7143 Arrangements for generation of hop patterns
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 17/318 Received signal strength
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/15 Active relay systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/127 based on intermediate node capabilities
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/005 Routing actions in the presence of nodes in sleep or doze mode
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/10 based on available power or energy
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/22 using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/248 Connectivity information update
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 48/12 using downlink control channel
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/00 Synchronisation arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/0015 one node acting as a reference for the others
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 56/002 Mutual synchronization
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/005 Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
• CPC Class Codes: H10N 70/8418 adapted for focusing electric field or current, e.g. tip-shaped
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/20 Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 20/30 Smart metering, e.g. specially adapted for remote reading

Abstract

The present technology relates to protocols relative to utility meters associated with an open operational framework. More particularly, the present subject matter relates to protocol subject matter for advanced metering infrastructure, adaptable to various international standards, while economically supporting a 2-way mesh network solution in a wireless environment, such as for operating in a residential electricity meter field. The present subject matter supports meters within an ANSI standard C12.22/C12.19 system while economically supporting a 2-way mesh network solution in a wireless environment, such as for operating in a residential electricity meter field, all to permit cell-based adaptive insertion of C12.22 meters within an open framework. Cell isolation is provided through quasi-orthogonal sequences in a frequency hopping network. Additional features relate to apparatus and methodology subject matters concerning Traffic Load Control in a Mesh Network.

Claims

1. Methodology for a network with self-adjusting traffic load management, comprising:

establishing a network including a plurality of node devices, at least some of which node devices provide communications at least in an uplink direction between others of the node devices and a central facility;

monitoring and calculating traffic density of communications in an uplink direction with reference to each respective node device; and

controlling timing of transmissions of communications in an uplink direction of each respective node device based on its traffic density calculation, so that such traffic density calculation remains below a predetermined network limit.

2. Methodology as in claim 1, wherein controlling the timing includes providing buffering at each respective node device for temporarily selectively holding data and delaying transmission of such data in an uplink direction.

3. Methodology as in claim 2, wherein the delaying transmission includes delaying for a random period of time within a randomization window, the length of which at a given respective node device is related to traffic density calculations at such given respective node device.

4. Methodology as in claim 1, wherein:

establishing a network includes providing a slotted Aloha frequency hopping mesh network; and

controlling the timing includes providing for random retransmissions of failed transmissions, the wait time and transmission channel for which for a given respective node device is determined based on sensed conditions inferred from traffic density calculations for such given respective node device.

5. Methodology as in claim 1, wherein the monitoring and calculating includes at each respective node device determining an average communication success rate to a particular node device in an uplink direction from such respective node device and observing acknowledgements from such particular node device in an uplink direction.

6. Methodology for a network with self-adjusting traffic load management, comprising:

establishing a plurality of node devices, at least some of which node devices comprise father node devices which provide communications at least in an uplink direction between others of the node devices and a central facility;

configuring the network for bi-directional communications between the central facility and each of the plurality of node devices via associations with respective of the father node devices;

determining an average communication success rate to each father node device with reference to each respective node device and observing communications acknowledgements from such father node device, and, based thereon, calculating traffic density of communications of each such father node device with reference to each such respective node device;

controlling timing of transmissions of communications in an uplink direction of each respective node device based on its traffic density calculation, so that such traffic density calculation remains below a predetermined network limit, with uplink transmissions sent at a random time within a randomization window, the length T_W of which randomization window meets the following relationship

7. Methodology as in claim 6, further comprising, if a given respective node device has a plurality of father node devices associated therewith:

determining and calculating includes calculating traffic density of communications of each of such plurality of associated father node devices with reference to such respective node device; and

controlling timing of transmissions of communications includes such controlling of timing with the length of the randomization window determined based on the highest traffic density from among those calculated for such plurality of associated father node devices.

8. Methodology as in claim 6, wherein at least some of the father node devices comprise cell relays, which respectively have their own sequence of channels for frequency hopping, with all node devices associated with a given cell relay synchronized for operating on the respective sequence of channels for such given cell relay.

9. Methodology as in claim 6, wherein the determining and calculating of traffic density of communications for a given respective node device B and its associated father node device A for a given time slot S_A is represented by the relationship

10. Methodology as in claim 9, wherein the determining and calculating of traffic density of communications for a given respective node device includes such given respective node device:

monitoring all communications acknowledgments overheard from its associated father node devices;

recording all communication successes and failures with each of its associated father node devices; and

recording time spent in transmission versus listening state of such given respective node device, to compute the probability for such given respective node device to be in its listening state.

11. Methodology as in claim 10, wherein the determining and calculating of traffic density of communications for a given respective node device includes repetitive use of a sliding average algorithm for calculating traffic density for each father node device associated with such given respective node device.

12. Methodology as in claim 6, wherein:

whenever buffering capacity of a given respective node device is full, such given respective node device replies to received messages with a negative acknowledgment, and discards the received message; and

whenever a given respective node device is receiving a transmission from an associated father node device thereof, such given respective node device postpones any uplink transmission of its own to such associated father node device, in order to avoid interfering with an acknowledgement message expected from it by such associated father node device.

13. A mesh network with self-adjusting traffic load management, comprising:

a central facility; and

a plurality of node devices, at least some of which node devices comprise data extraction nodes which provide communications at least in an uplink direction between others of said node devices and said central facility, with each node device configured for bi-directional communications with said central facility,

wherein each of said node devices is configured to monitor and calculate traffic density of communications in an uplink direction with reference to each respective node device, and to control timing of transmissions of communications in an uplink direction of each respective node device based on its traffic density calculation, so that such traffic density calculation remains below a predetermined network limit.

14. A mesh network as in claim 13, wherein each of said node devices includes buffering for temporarily selectively holding data and delaying transmission of such data in an uplink direction, with said delaying transmission including delaying for a random period of time within a randomization window, the length of which at a given respective node device is related to traffic density calculations at such given respective node device.

15. A mesh network as in claim 13, wherein:

said network comprises a slotted Aloha frequency hopping mesh network; and

each of said node devices are respectively further configured for providing for random retransmissions of failed transmissions, the wait time and transmission channel for which for a given respective node device is determined based on sensed conditions inferred from traffic density calculations for such given respective node device.

16. A mesh network as in claim 13, wherein each of said node devices are respectively further configured for determining an average communication success rate to a particular node device in an uplink direction from such respective node device and observing acknowledgements from such particular node device in an uplink direction.

17. A frequency hopping mesh network with self-adjusting traffic load management, comprising:

a central facility; and

a plurality of node devices, at least some of which node devices comprise father node devices which provide communications at least in an uplink direction between others of said node devices and said central facility, with said network configured for bi-directional communications between said central facility and each of said plurality of node devices via associations with respective of said father node devices,

wherein each of said node devices is configured to determine an average communication success rate to each father node device with reference to each respective node device and observing communications acknowledgements from such father node device, and, based thereon, calculating traffic density of communications of each such father node device with reference to each such respective node device; and

to control timing of transmissions of communications in an uplink direction of each respective node device based on its traffic density calculation, so that such traffic density calculation remains below a predetermined network limit, with uplink transmissions sent at a random time within a randomization window, the length T_W of which randomization window meets the following relationship

18. A mesh network as in claim 17, wherein each of said node devices are respectively further configured for, if a given respective node device has a plurality of father node devices associated therewith:

calculating traffic density of communications of each of such plurality of associated father node devices with reference to such respective node device; and

controlling timing of transmissions of communications with the length of the randomization window determined based on the highest traffic density from among those calculated for such plurality of associated father node devices.

19. A mesh network as in claim 17, wherein at least some of said father node devices comprise cell relays, which respectively have their own sequence of channels for frequency hopping, with all node devices associated with a given cell relay synchronized for operating on the respective sequence of channels for such given cell relay.

20. A mesh network as in claim 17, wherein each of said node devices is respectively further configured for:

monitoring all communications acknowledgments overheard from its associated father node devices;

recording all communication successes and failures with each of its associated father node devices;

recording time spent in transmission versus listening state of such given respective node device, to compute the probability for such given respective node device to be in its listening state; and

determining and calculating traffic density for a given respective node device B and its associated father node device A for a given time slot S_A by repetitively using a sliding average algorithm in conjunction with the represented relationship

21. A mesh network as in claim 17, wherein each of said node devices is respectively further configured for:

whenever buffering capacity of a given respective node device is full, replying to messages received at such given respective node device with a negative acknowledgment, and discarding the received message; and

whenever a given respective node device is receiving a transmission from an associated father node device thereof, postponing any uplink transmission of such given respective node device to such associated father node device, in order to avoid interfering with an acknowledgement message expected from such given respective node device by such associated father node device.

22. A metrology device for use with a mesh network with self-adjusting traffic load management, and including a central facility, a plurality of node devices, with at least some of such node devices comprising such metrology devices, and at least some of such node devices comprising father node devices which provide communications at least in an uplink direction between others of the node devices and the central facility, with each node device configured for bi-directional communications with such central facility via an associated at least one of such father node devices, said metrology device comprising:

a metrology portion configured to measure consumption of a utility commodity;

a transmitter portion configured to transmit consumption information and other data; and

a receiver portion configured to receive information from other network devices in an associated network,

wherein said transmitter portion and said receiver portion are configured to monitor and calculate traffic density of communications in an uplink direction therefrom in an associated network, and to control timing of transmissions of communications in an uplink direction therefrom based on such traffic density calculation, so that such traffic density calculation remains below a predetermined limit of an associated network.

23. A metrology device as in claim 22, wherein said metrology device includes buffering for temporarily selectively holding data and delaying transmission of such data in an uplink direction in an associated network, with said delaying transmission including delaying for a random period of time within a randomization window, the length of which is related to traffic density calculations at said metrology device.

24. A metrology device as in claim 22, wherein said transmitter portion and said receiver portion are further configured:

to determine an average communication success rate therefrom to each father node device thereof in an associated network and to observe communications acknowledgements from such father node device, and, based thereon, calculate traffic density of communications of each such father node device;

to control timing of transmissions of communications in an uplink direction therefrom based on its traffic density calculation, so that such traffic density calculation remains below a predetermined network limit, with uplink transmissions sent at a random time within a randomization window, the length T_W of which randomization window meets the following relationship

25. A metrology device as in claim 22, wherein said transmitter portion and said receiver portion are further configured for:

monitoring all communications acknowledgments overheard from its associated father node devices;

recording all communication successes and failures with each of its associated father node devices;

recording time spent in transmission versus listening state, to compute the probability for said metrology device to be in its listening state; and

if said metrology device has a plurality of father node devices associated therewith, for calculating traffic density of communications of each of such plurality of associated father node devices, and for controlling timing of transmissions of communications with the length of the randomization window determined based on the highest traffic density from among those calculated for such plurality of associated father node devices.