Vehicular electrical system and method for controlling an inverter during motor deceleration

• US 8,446,113 B2
• Filed: 06/17/2010
• Issued: 05/21/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 06/17/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Welchko, Brian A, Majarov, Konstantin S., Hiti, Silva, Schulz, Steven E., Kothari, Aniket, Kokotovich, Nicholas
• Primary Examiner(s): Masih, Karen
• Application Number:
  US12/817,950
• Publication Number:
  US 20110309777A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,069 Days
• Field of Search: 318/376, 318/400.09, 318/400.11, 318/400.27, 318/148, 318/151, 318/771, 363/131
• US Class Current: 318/376
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/04 Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions protective devices and circuit arrangements in general H01H; H02H
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/003 Dynamic electric braking by short circuiting the motor
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/06 for vehicles propelled by ac motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/08 Controlling the braking effect B60L7/04, B60L7/06 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

Methods and systems for operating an inverter having a plurality of high switches and a plurality of low switches coupled to an electric motor are provided. An event indicative of deceleration of the electric motor is detected. The inverter is alternated between a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation during the deceleration of the electric motor. In the first mode of operation, each of the plurality of high switches is activated and each of the plurality of low switches is deactivated or each of the plurality of low switches is activated and each of the plurality of high switches is deactivated. In the second mode of operation, each of the plurality of high switches is deactivated and each of the plurality of low switches is deactivated.

Claims

1. A method for operating an inverter having a plurality of high switches and a plurality of low switches coupled to an electric motor, the method comprising:

detecting an event indicative of deceleration of the electric motor; and

alternating the inverter between a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation during the deceleration of the electric motor,

wherein in the first mode of operation, each of the plurality of high switches is activated and each of the plurality of low switches is deactivated or each of the plurality of low switches is activated and each of the plurality of high switches is deactivated, and in the second mode of operation, each of the plurality of high switches is deactivated and each of the plurality of low switches is deactivated.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the alternating the inverter between the first mode of operation and the second mode of operation occurs only if a back electromotive force, EMF, generated by the electric motor during the deceleration of the electric motor is above a predetermined threshold.

3. The method of claim 2, further comprising deactivating each of the plurality of high switches and each of the plurality of low switches if the back EMF generated by the electric motor during the deceleration of the electric motor is below the predetermined threshold.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the predetermined threshold is a lower back EMF threshold.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising receiving a signal indicative of whether or not the plurality of high switches and the plurality of low switches are electrically connected to a battery.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising alternating the inverter between a third mode of operation and a fourth mode of operation

if the back EMF generated by the electric motor during the deceleration the electric motor is above a higher back EMF threshold and the received signal indicates that the plurality of high switches and the plurality of low switches are not electrically connected to the battery, wherein the higher back EMF threshold is greater than the lower back EMF threshold, and in the third mode of operation, each of the plurality of high switches is activated and each of the plurality of low switches is deactivated, and in the fourth mode of operation, each of the plurality of low switches is activated and each of the plurality of high switches is deactivated.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising alternating the inverter between the first mode of operation and the second mode of operation

if the back EMF generated by the electric motor during the deceleration the electric motor is above the higher back EMF threshold and the received signal indicates that the plurality of high switches and the plurality of low switches are electrically connected to the battery.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the plurality of high switches and the plurality of low switches jointly comprise a plurality of pairs of switches, each pair of switches comprising one of the plurality of high switches and one of the plurality of low switches.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein each of the plurality of high switches and each of the plurality of low switches comprises a first terminal and a second terminal, and within each of the plurality of pairs of switches, the second terminal of the respective high switch is connected to the first terminal of the respective low switch.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein the inverter and the electric motor are configured such that the alternating of the inverter between the first and second modes of operation causes a decrease of a voltage across the first terminals of the plurality of high switches and the second terminals of the plurality of low switches.

11. A method for operating an inverter having a plurality of pairs of switches, each of the plurality of pairs of switches comprising a high switch and a low switch, coupled to an automotive traction motor, the method comprising:

detecting an event indicative of deceleration of the automotive traction motor;

alternating the inverter between a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation during the deceleration of the automotive traction motor if a back electromotive force, EMF, generated by the automotive traction motor is above a predetermined threshold, wherein in the first mode of operation, each of the plurality of high switches is activated and each of the plurality of low switches is deactivated or each of the plurality of low switches is activated and each of the plurality of high switches is deactivated, and in the second mode of operation, each of the plurality of high switches is deactivated and each of the plurality of low switches is deactivated; and

deactivating each of the plurality of high switches and each of the plurality of low switches if the back EMF generated by the automotive traction motor is below the predetermined threshold.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the predetermined threshold is a lower back EMF threshold and further comprising receiving a signal indicative of whether or not the plurality of high switches and the plurality of low switches are electrically connected to a battery.

13. The method of claim 12, further comprising alternating the inverter between a third mode of operation and a fourth mode of operation if the back EMF generated by the automotive traction motor is above a higher back EMF threshold and the received signal indicates that the plurality of high switches and the plurality of low switches are not electrically connected to the battery, wherein the higher back EMF threshold is greater than the lower back EMF threshold, and in the third mode of operation, each of the plurality of high switches is activated and each of the plurality of low switches is deactivated, and in the fourth mode of operation, each of the plurality of low switches is activated and each of the plurality of high switches is deactivated.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising alternating the inverter between the first mode of operation and the second mode of operation if the back EMF generated by the automotive traction motor is above the higher back EMF threshold and the received signal indicates that the plurality of high switches and the plurality of low switches are electrically connected to the battery.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein each of the plurality of high switches and each of the plurality of low switches comprises a first terminal and a second terminal, and within each of the plurality of pairs of switches, the second terminal of the respective high switch is connected to the first terminal of the respective low switch, and wherein the inverter and the automotive traction motor are configured such that the alternating of the inverter between the first and second modes of operation causes a decrease of a voltage across the first terminals of the plurality of high switches and the second terminals of the plurality of low switches.

16. An automotive propulsion system comprising:

an electric motor comprising a plurality of windings;

a direct current-to-alternating current, DC/AC, power inverter comprising a plurality of pairs of power switching devices coupled to the plurality of windings, each pair of power switching devices comprising a high power switching device and a low power switching device;

a processing system in operable communication with the electric motor and the DC/AC power inverter, the processing system being configured to

detect an event indicative of deceleration of the electric motor; and

alternate the inverter between a first mode of operation and a second mode of operation during the deceleration of the electric motor,

wherein in the first mode of operation, each of the plurality of high switches is activated and each of the plurality of low switches is deactivated or each of the plurality of low switches is activated and each of the plurality of high switches is deactivated, and in the second mode of operation, each of the plurality of high switches is deactivated and each of the plurality of low switches is deactivated.

17. The automotive propulsion system of claim 16, wherein the processing system is configured such that the alternating of the operation of the DC/AC power inverter between the first mode of operation and the second mode of operation occurs only if the back electromotive force, EMF, generated by the electric motor during the deceleration of the electric motor is above a first predetermined threshold.

18. The automotive propulsion system of claim 17, wherein the processing system is further configured to deactivate each of the plurality of high switches and each of the plurality of low switches if the back EMF generated by the electric motor during the deceleration of the electric motor is below the first predetermined threshold.

19. The automotive propulsion system of claim 18, further comprising a battery and wherein the processing system is further configured to alternate the DC/AC power inverter between a third mode of operation and a fourth mode of operation if the back EMF generated by the electric motor during the deceleration the electric motor is above a second predetermined threshold and the battery is electrically connected to the plurality of high switches and the plurality of low switches, wherein the second predetermined threshold is greater than the first predetermined threshold, and in the third mode of operation, each of the plurality of high switches is activated and each of the plurality of low switches is deactivated, and in the fourth mode of operation, each of the plurality of low switches is activated and each of the plurality of high switches is deactivated.

20. The automotive propulsion system of claim 19, wherein the DC/AC power inverter further comprises a plurality of diodes, each of the plurality of diodes being in an antiparallel configuration with a respective one of the high power switching devices and the low power switching devices of the plurality of pairs of power switching devices.