Apparatus and method for measuring a characteristic of a composition reactive to a magnetic field

• US 8,447,373 B2
• Filed: 05/11/2009
• Issued: 05/21/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 06/09/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Board of Trustees of The University of Illinois
• Original Assignee: Board of Trustees of The University of Illinois
• Inventors: Boppart, Stephen A.
• Primary Examiner(s): SZMAL, BRIAN SCOTT
• Application Number:
  US12/464,020
• Publication Number:
  US 20090306489A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,471 Days
• Field of Search: 600/9, 600/410, 600/309, 600/310, 600/322, 600/323, 600/328
• US Class Current: 600/324
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/05 Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves impedance plethysmography A61B5/0295; measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof A61B5/11; detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof A61B5/24
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases

Abstract

A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a sensor having a pulse oximeter sensor to measure an oxygen saturation level in a liquid, a magnetic source coupled to the pulse oximeter sensor, and a controller to control the pulse oximeter sensor and the magnetic source, and to measure a mechanical effect on the liquid responsive to the magnetic source applying a magnetic field to the liquid. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Claims

1. A sensor, comprising:

a pulse oximeter sensor to measure an oxygen saturation level in a liquid;

a magnetic source coupled to the pulse oximeter sensor, wherein the magnetic source comprises an electromagnetic element having an electromagnetic ring placed coaxially over the pulse oximeter sensor;

a memory storing computer instructions, wherein the memory is a non-transitory memory device; and

a controller coupled to the pulse oximeter sensor, the magnetic source, and the memory, wherein responsive to executing the computer instructions the controller performs operations comprising;

controlling the pulse oximeter sensor and the magnetic source, and

measuring a mechanical effect on the liquid responsive to the magnetic source applying a magnetic field to the liquid.

2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the liquid comprises blood, and wherein the mechanical effect correlates to at least one of a viscosity level of the blood, a coagulability of the blood, or both.

3. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the pulse oximeter sensor and the magnetic source are adapted to be coupled to a portion of an organism to perform measurements on the liquid carried by said portion.

4. The sensor of claim 3, wherein the organism corresponds to a human, and wherein the portion of the human comprises one of at least a portion of an arm, a portion of a leg, a portion of a neck, a portion of an ear, a portion of a forehead, a portion of a hand, or a portion of a foot.

5. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic element is coupled to a signal generator controlled by the controller.

6. The sensor of claim 5, wherein the magnetic field is a time-dependent magnetic field.

7. The sensor of claim 5, wherein the signal generator controls aspects of the magnetic field, and wherein the aspects controlled include at least one of an intensity of the magnetic field, a duration of the magnetic field, a gradient of the magnetic field, a flux of the magnetic field, an orientation of the magnetic field, a direction of the magnetic field, a modulation of the magnetic field, or a time-dependent change of the magnetic field.

8. The sensor of claim 6, wherein the signal generator controls a plurality of electromagnetic devices independently or contemporaneously.

9. The sensor of claim 2, wherein signals supplied to the controller by the pulse oximeter sensor are affected by an application of the magnetic field on the blood.

10. The sensor of claim 9, wherein signals supplied to the controller by the pulse oximeter sensor correlate to at least one of a viscosity level of the blood, a coagulability of the blood, or both.

11. The sensor of claim 9, wherein responsive to executing the computer instructions, the controller further performs the operation of presenting a graphical user interface according to the signals supplied by the pulse oximeter sensor.

12. The sensor of claim 10, wherein responsive to executing the computer instructions, the controller further performs the operation of measuring one or more characteristics of the blood from a comparison of signals supplied by the pulse oximeter sensor before, during, or after an application of the magnetic field on the blood.

13. The sensor of claim 12, wherein responsive to executing the computer instructions, the controller further performs the operation of measuring the one or more characteristics of the blood from at least one of an amplitude, slope, waveform change, or phase shift of the signals supplied by the pulse oximeter sensor.

14. The sensor of claim 12, wherein the one or more characteristics of the blood correspond to at least one of a viscosity level of the blood, a coagulability of the blood, or both.

15. The sensor of claim 14, wherein responsive to executing the computer instructions the controller performs operations comprising determining at least one of an accumulation level of an iron concentration in the blood according to an amplitude of the signals supplied by the pulse oximeter sensor.

16. The sensor of claim 15, wherein a change in amplitude of the signals supplied by the pulse oximeter sensor corresponds to a change in one of an accumulation of blood or the iron concentration in the blood.

17. The sensor of claim 14, wherein responsive to executing the computer instructions, the controller further performs the operation of determining at least one of the viscosity level and coagulability of the blood according to at least one of a slope, a waveform change, an amplitude, or a phase shift of the signals supplied by the pulse oximeter sensor.

18. The sensor of claim 17, wherein a change in at least one of the slope, the amplitude, the phase, or a waveform shape in a portion of the signals supplied by the pulse oximeter sensor corresponds to at least one of a change in the viscosity of the blood or a change in a probability that the blood will coagulate.

19. The sensor of claim 1, wherein the pulse oximeter sensor performs time-dependent measurements, and wherein the magnetic field is one of a static magnetic field or a time-dependent magnetic field.

20. The sensor of claim 14, wherein responsive to executing the computer instructions, the controller further performs the operation of presenting on a display one or more indicators corresponding to at least one of the viscosity level of the blood, the coagulability of the blood, or both.

21. The sensor of claim 20, wherein the one or more indicators correspond to at least one of one or more numerical metrics, one or more waveform plots, or one or more descriptive diagnostics.

22. The sensor of claim 14, wherein responsive to executing the computer instructions, the controller further performs the operation of:

comparing historical data from prior blood measurements to predict one or more health conditions of an organism carrying the blood; and

descriptively presenting said predictions on a display of the sensor.

23. A method, comprising:

applying, by a device with at least one processor and opposing magnetic plates, a magnetic field on a plurality of biological cells carrying oxygen and one or more particles that kinetically react to magnetic fields, wherein the plurality of biological cells are positionable between the opposing electromagnetic plates; and

measuring, by the device, a mechanical effect from the application of the magnetic field on at least a portion of the plurality of biological cells according to a change in an oxygen saturation level of said portion of the plurality of biological cells.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the plurality of cells comprise one of erythrocyte cells or tissue cells.

25. The method of claim 24, comprising at least one of:

predicting, by the device, a likelihood of one or more disorders from the measurement;

monitoring, by the device, disease progression;

monitoring, by the device, recovery;

monitoring, by the device, baseline levels of an organism from which the plurality of biological cells originate;

or

monitoring, by the device, changes before and after administration of a treatment applied to the organism.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the one or more disorders comprise at least one of a variant of anemia, a variant of cancer, a variant of kidney disease, hemochromatosis, polycythemias, sickle cell disease, thalasemias, coagulapathies, a hydration disorder, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

27. The method of claim 23, wherein the method operates in a portable sensing device, and wherein the portable sensing device is communicatively coupled to a monitoring system by wireline or wireless means.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the monitoring system corresponds to at least one of an intensive care monitoring unit, a patient record system, or a doctor alerting system.

29. A method, comprising:

non-invasively applying, by a device with at least one processor and a magnetic applicator, a magnetic field on a portion of a living organism, wherein the portion is positionable in proximity to the magnetic applicator, wherein the magnetic applicator comprises opposing magnetic plates, and wherein changes in absorption or scattering of a select spectrum of light correlate to at least one of a viscosity of a liquid in the living organism, a coagulability of said liquid, or a combination thereof; and

non-invasively measuring, by the device, changes from the application of the magnetic field in at east one of an absorption or scattering of a select spectrum of light applied on the living organism.

30. A method, comprising:

non-invasively applying, by a device with at least one processor and a magnetic applicator, a magnetic field on a portion of a living organism, wherein the portion is positionable in proximity to the magnetic applicator, wherein the magnetic applicator comprises a coil, and wherein a liquid in the living organism comprises blood, and wherein changes in absorption or scattering of a select spectrum of light corresponds to a change in an oxygen saturation level of the blood; and

non-invasively measuring, by the device, changes from the application of the magnetic field in at least one of an absorption or scattering of the select spectrum of light applied on the living organism.

31. A sensor, comprising:

a pulse oximeter sensor to measure an oxygen saturation level in a liquid;

a magnetic source coupled to the pulse oximeter sensor, wherein the magnetic source comprises opposing electromagnetic plates partially surrounding the pulse oximeter sensor;

a memory storing computer instructions, wherein the memory is a non-transitory memory device; and

a controller coupled to the pulse oximeter sensor, the magnetic source, and the memory, wherein responsive to executing the computer instructions the controller performs operations comprising;

controlling the pulse oximeter sensor and the magnetic source, and

measuring a mechanical effect on the liquid responsive to the magnetic source applying a magnetic field to the liquid.

32. The sensor of claim 31, wherein the magnetic field is asymmetrical.