Vertical cavity surface emitting laser having strain reduced quantum wells
First Claim
1. A VCSEL comprising:
- a substrate;
an essentially undoped bottom DBR mirror disposed on the substrate;
a periodically doped first conduction layer region of a first conductivity type, the first conduction layer region coupled to the bottom DBR mirror and having a heavily doped layer at a location where the optical electric field is at about a minimum;
an active layer region disposed on the first conduction layer region that contains one or more migration enhanced epitaxy layer regions before and between N-containing quantum wells each migration enhanced epitaxy layer region having at least one flattened layer under on a substrate side of a N-containing layer of the migration enhanced epitaxy layer region or a substrate side of the N-containing quantum well, wherein the quantum wells are InGaAsN quantum wells with Sb, wherein the nitrogen concentration is about 2% and the concentration of the In is less than about 28% and In and Sb together is less than or equal to about 28%;
a periodically doped second conduction layer region of a second conductivity type, the doped second conduction layer region coupled to the active layer region and having a heavily doped layer at a location where the optical electric field is at about a minimum;
a ramp layer region positioned between the periodically doped second donduction layer region and an aperture, the ramp layer region including a ramp of aluminum in a composition of the ramp layer region; and
a top mirror coupled to the second conduction layer region, wherein;
the aperture being above the quantum wells and below the periodically doped second conduction layer region and being defined by an oxidized AlGaAs layer;
the top mirror is essentially undoped and includes a plurality of layers of AlGaAs having an aluminum content in a range from 70% to 100%; and
a protective oxide layer surrounding the top mirror to protect at least a portion of the top mirror from being oxidized during a wet oxidation step,wherein the heavily doped layer of the periodically doped second conduction layer region, the ramp layer region, and the oxidized AlGaAs layer are within a single null of a standing wave of the VCSEL.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A VCSEL with nearly planar intracavity contact. A bottom DBR mirror is formed on a substrate. A first conduction layer region is formed on the bottom DBR mirror. An active layer, including quantum wells, is on the first conduction layer region. A trench is formed into the active layer region. The trench is formed in a wagon wheel configuration with spokes providing mechanical support for the active layer region. The trench is etched approximately to the first conduction layer region. Proton implants are provided in the wagon wheel and configured to render the spokes of the wagon wheel insulating. A nearly planar electrical contact is formed as an intracavity contact for connecting the bottom of the active region to a power supply. The nearly planar electrical contact is formed in and about the trench.
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Citations
16 Claims
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1. A VCSEL comprising:
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a substrate; an essentially undoped bottom DBR mirror disposed on the substrate; a periodically doped first conduction layer region of a first conductivity type, the first conduction layer region coupled to the bottom DBR mirror and having a heavily doped layer at a location where the optical electric field is at about a minimum; an active layer region disposed on the first conduction layer region that contains one or more migration enhanced epitaxy layer regions before and between N-containing quantum wells each migration enhanced epitaxy layer region having at least one flattened layer under on a substrate side of a N-containing layer of the migration enhanced epitaxy layer region or a substrate side of the N-containing quantum well, wherein the quantum wells are InGaAsN quantum wells with Sb, wherein the nitrogen concentration is about 2% and the concentration of the In is less than about 28% and In and Sb together is less than or equal to about 28%; a periodically doped second conduction layer region of a second conductivity type, the doped second conduction layer region coupled to the active layer region and having a heavily doped layer at a location where the optical electric field is at about a minimum; a ramp layer region positioned between the periodically doped second donduction layer region and an aperture, the ramp layer region including a ramp of aluminum in a composition of the ramp layer region; and a top mirror coupled to the second conduction layer region, wherein; the aperture being above the quantum wells and below the periodically doped second conduction layer region and being defined by an oxidized AlGaAs layer; the top mirror is essentially undoped and includes a plurality of layers of AlGaAs having an aluminum content in a range from 70% to 100%; and a protective oxide layer surrounding the top mirror to protect at least a portion of the top mirror from being oxidized during a wet oxidation step, wherein the heavily doped layer of the periodically doped second conduction layer region, the ramp layer region, and the oxidized AlGaAs layer are within a single null of a standing wave of the VCSEL. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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Specification