Extended range passive wireless tag system and method

• US 8,466,776 B2
• Filed: 07/01/2010
• Issued: 06/18/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 07/01/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Original Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Inventors: Fink, Patrick W., Kennedy, Timothy F., Lin, Gregory Y.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, Benjamin C
• Assistant Examiner(s): BURGDORF, STEPHEN R
• Application Number:
  US12/828,558
• Publication Number:
  US 20120001735A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,083 Days
• Field of Search: 310/313.B, 310/313.R, 340/10.1, 340 103- 1042, 340/572.1, 340/572.5, 340/572.7, 342 6- 7, 342/42, 342/44, 342/46, 342/51, 342/175, 342/187, 342/353, 342/367, 342/370, 343/776, 343/844, 343/893, 343/912, 343/755, 455/106
• US Class Current: 340/10.4
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0675 the resonating marks being of the surface acoustic wave [SAW] kind SAW devices per se H03H9/64
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0677 the record carrier being programmable

Abstract

A passive wireless tag assembly comprises a plurality of antennas and transmission lines interconnected with circuitry and constructed and arranged in a Van Atta array or configuration to reflect an interrogator signal in the direction from where it came. The circuitry may comprise at least one surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based circuit that functions as a signal reflector and is operatively connected with an information circuit. In another embodiment, at least one delay circuit and/or at least one passive modulation circuit(s) are utilized. In yet another embodiment, antennas connected to SAW-based devices are mounted to at least one of the orthogonal surfaces of a corner reflector.

Claims

1. A passive wireless tag assembly responsive to a wireless interrogator signal from an interrogator by reflecting a return signal derived from the wireless interrogator signal, the return signal containing information added by said passive wireless tag assembly, said passive wireless tag assembly comprising:

at least one SAW circuit operable for receiving the wireless interrogator signal as an incoming electromagnetic wave, transforming the electromagnetic wave into a surface acoustic wave, and then transforming the surface acoustic wave back into a subsequent outgoing electromagnetic wave serving as the return signal;

an information circuit constructed and arranged to add information to at least one of the surface acoustic wave, the incoming electromagnetic wave, and the subsequent outgoing electromagnetic wave;

at least one pair of antennas, each pair connected in a Van Atta array by transmission lines with one another and with said at least one SAW circuit and said information circuit and being constructed and arranged to receive the wireless interrogator signal and transmit the return signal in a direction from whence the wireless interrogator signal came;

a first conductive surface and a second conductive surface connected at a right angle to one another to form a corner reflector for providing vertical and horizontal steering of the interrogator signal, said at least one pair of antennas being positioned on said first conductive surface; and

at least one passive modulation circuit positioned on said first conductive surface and operatively connected to the SAW circuit to provide vertical steering of the interrogator signal, the passive wireless tag assembly further comprising at least one antenna positioned on said second conductive surface to provide horizontal steering of the interrogator signal and to form, in conjunction with said first conductive surface, a dihedral corner reflector.

2. The passive wireless tag assembly of claim 1, wherein said passive wireless tag assembly is operable without a DC power supply and without means for rectifying the interrogator signal.

3. The passive wireless tag assembly of claim 1, wherein said at least one SAW circuit comprises a plurality of SAW-based signal reflectors, each of said plurality of SAW-based signal reflectors comprising a single port, wherein each of said plurality of SAW-based signal reflectors are operable for receiving the wireless interrogator signal as the incoming electromagnetic wave at said single port, transforming the incoming electromagnetic wave into the surface acoustic wave, and then transforming the surface acoustic wave back into the subsequent outgoing electromagnetic wave for transmission from said single port.

4. The passive wireless tag assembly of claim 3, further comprising at least one directional coupler connected to each of said plurality of SAW-based signal reflectors.

5. The passive wireless tag assembly of claim 4 wherein the directional coupler is a 3 dB, 90°

hybrid coupler.

6. The passive wireless tag assembly of claim 3, wherein said plurality of SAW-based signal reflectors are matched to each provide an output for the subsequent outgoing electromagnetic wave such that each of said plurality of SAW-based signal reflectors meet a tolerance of plus/minus 10% or less with respect to each other for magnitude and of plus/minus 10 degrees with respect to each other for phase response of the subsequent outgoing electromagnetic wave.

7. The passive wireless tag assembly of claim 3, wherein said information circuit is constructed and arranged to produce a passive wireless tag identification number.

8. The passive wireless tag assembly of claim 3, wherein said information circuit is constructed and arranged to provide information from measurement of at least one physical phenomenon.

9. The passive wireless tag assembly of claim 1, wherein said at least one SAW circuit comprises at least one SAW device comprising at least two signal ports, wherein said at least one SAW device is operable for receiving the incoming electromagnetic wave at a first of said at least two signal ports, transforming the incoming electromagnetic wave into the surface acoustic wave, and then transforming the surface acoustic wave back as the subsequent outgoing electromagnetic wave for transmission from a second of said at least two signal ports, and wherein each of said at least two signal ports is connected to a different one of said pair of antennas connected in a Van Atta array.

10. The passive wireless tag assembly of claim 9, wherein said information circuit comprises a pass band filter operatively connected with a time delay.

11. The passive wireless tag assembly of claim 10, wherein said information circuit is implemented by the at least one SAW device.

12. The passive wireless tag of claim 1, wherein said information circuit comprises one or more resonators.

13. A passive wireless radio frequency identification tag system comprising:

an interrogator operable to produce a wireless interrogator signal; and

a passive wireless tag assembly comprising,

at least one delay circuit operable for delaying an electromagnetic wave entering said at least one delay circuit by a predetermined time delay τ

;

at least one frequency responsive circuit comprising a transfer function that is a function of frequency, and wherein said circuit is operable for adding information to said wireless interrogator signal, said information being derived from said transfer function; and

at least one pair of antennas, each pair of antennas being operatively connected with a corresponding one of said at least one delay circuit and one of said at least one frequency responsive circuit, and each antenna being configured to receive the wireless interrogator signal, for creating a time reversal of the incoming electromagnetic wave such that the subsequent outgoing return signal transmits predominantly in a direction from whence said interrogator signal came,

wherein for each combination of said at least one pair of antennas operatively connected with a corresponding one of said at least one delay circuit and of said at least one frequency responsive circuit, such combination is configured to produce at least three signals in response to said wireless interrogator signal, wherein only the return signal is steerable in the direction from whence the interrogator signal came, wherein the return signal is received at said interrogator at a time t≈

τ

+t₀, t₀ being a variable known as two-way propagation delay corresponding to a two way travel time of a distance between said interrogator and said passive wireless tag assembly, and wherein a first additional non-steered signal is produced from said passive wireless tag assembly and received by said interrogator at a time t≈

t₀, and a second additional non-steered signal is produced from said passive wireless tag assembly and received by said interrogator at a time t≈

2τ

+t₀.

14. The passive wireless tag of claim 13, wherein the delay circuit is fabricated as a SAW device.

15. The passive wireless tag of claim 13, wherein at least two frequency responsive circuits and one delay circuit are fabricated on a single SAW device.

16. A passive wireless radio frequency identification tag system comprising:

an interrogator operable to produce a wireless interrogator signal; and

a passive wireless tag assembly comprising,

at least one delay circuit operable for delaying an electromagnetic wave entering said at least one delay circuit by a predetermined time delay τ

;

at least two frequency responsive circuits for each at least one delay circuit, each responsive circuit comprising a transfer function that is a function of frequency, and wherein said circuit is operable for adding information to said wireless interrogator signal, said information being derived from said transfer function; and

at least one pair of antennas, and each antenna being configured to receive the wireless interrogator signal, for creating a time reversal of the incoming electromagnetic wave such that the subsequent outgoing return signal transmits predominantly in a direction from whence said interrogator signal came,

wherein each antenna of said at least one pair of antennas is operatively connected to one of said two frequency responsive circuits at a first port of each, wherein each corresponding delay circuit is operatively connected to a second port of each of the two frequency responsive circuits so as to be positioned therebetween in order to produce at least three signals in response to said wireless interrogator signal, wherein only the return signal is steerable in the direction from whence the interrogator signal came, wherein the return signal being transmitted is received at said interrogator at a time t≈

τ

+t₀, t₀ being a two-way propagation delay corresponding to a two way travel time of a distance between said interrogator and said passive wireless tag assembly, wherein a first additional non-steered signal, corresponding to out-of-band components of a first of the two frequency responsive circuits, is received from one antenna of said at least one pair of antennas, reflected by the first frequency responsive circuit, transmitted by the same one antenna of said at least one pair of antennas, and received by said interrogator at a time t≈

t₀, and a second additional non-steered signal, corresponding to out-of-band components of the second of the two frequency responsive circuits, is received from the other antenna of said at least one pair of antennas, reflected by the second frequency responsive circuit, transmitted from the other antenna of said at least one pair of antennas, and received by said interrogator at a time t≈

t₀.