Super-angular and range-resolution with phased array antenna and multifrequency dither

• US 8,466,829 B1
• Filed: 09/10/2010
• Issued: 06/18/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 09/14/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Volman, Vladimir, Stetson, John B.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sotomayor, John B.
• Assistant Examiner(s): WINDRICH, MARCUS E
• Application Number:
  US12/879,509
• Time in Patent Office: 1,012 Days
• Field of Search: 342/73, 342/74, 342/81, 342/82, 342/147, 342/149, 342/152, 342/157, 342/175, 342/189, 342/194
• US Class Current: 342/147
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 3/48 the waves arriving at the antennas being continuous or intermittent and the phase difference of signals derived therefrom being measured

Abstract

A radar system comprises an electromagnetic transmitter and an array of antenna elements connected in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output manner for routing signals reflected from the target to a plurality of receive beam rotation processors. The receive beam rotation processing for each antenna element includes application of rotation frequency offsets to the received signals and summation in summing and differencing adders to generate I and Q components of the rotating beams. The I and Q components for each element are summed to generate received signals including angle-or-arrival (AOA) information. The AOA information is further processed by correlating with reference replica AOA signals and by averaging to determine the actual AOA. The transmitter may have multiple contrarotating beams generated by application of frequency offsets. The transmit and receive beam rotations may be synchronized.

Claims

1. A method for locating a target, said method comprising the steps of:

receiving RF signals from a target at each element of an antenna array;

dividing the RF signal power from each element into equal portions, to thereby generate a plurality of divided signals for each antenna array element;

generating mutually frequency-offset multiplication signals;

modulating each of said divided signals by one of said multiplication signals, so as to thereby generate positive and negative frequency offset received signals;

combining all of said negative frequency offset received signals from all of said antenna array elements to thereby generate CW received beam signals; and

combining all of said positive frequency offset received signals from all of said antenna array elements to thereby generate CCW received beam signals.

2. A method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

generating complex CW and CCW signals from said CW and CCW received beam signals;

generating replica signals which represent a plurality of targets at different angles of arrival;

correlating said CW and CCW received beam signals with said replica signals, to thereby generate correlated signals; and

deeming the angle of arrival of signal from said target to equal the angle of the maximum value of correlation.

3. A method according to claim 1, wherein said step of receiving RF signals from a target at each element of an antenna array comprises the step of receiving RF signals reflected from a target at each element of an antenna array.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising downconverting and A/D converting the RF signals.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein generating mutually frequency-offset multiplication signals comprises generating the multiplication signals using phase shifting and time-delay.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein generating mutually frequency-offset multiplication signals further comprises generating the multiplication signals using amplification.

16. The method of claim 2, wherein generating replica signals comprises looking up, in a precomputed lookup table, CW replica signals corresponding to expected CW signals scattered by target(s) at different Angles of Arrival (AOAs) and looking up, in the precomputed lookup table, CCW replica signals corresponding to expected CCW signals scattered by target(s) at different AOAs.

17. The method of claim 2, wherein generating replica signals comprises calculating CW replica signals and CCW replica signals at different angles of arrival.

18. The method of claim 2, further comprising filtering said correlated signals to reduce noise.

19. The method of claim 2, further comprising mitigating additional noise to improve radar accuracy and resolution.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein mitigating additional noise to improve radar accuracy and resolution comprises applying, using a processor, one or more of a smoothing, a pulse compression, or a MiniMax procedure.

4. An apparatus for locating a target, said apparatus comprising:

an antenna array for receiving RF signals from a target at each element of the antenna array to thereby generate RF signal power from each element;

a divider arrangement for dividing the RF signal power from each element into equal portions, to thereby generate a plurality of divided signals for each antenna element;

a source of mutually frequency-offset multiplication signals;

a modulator for modulating each of said divided signals by one of said multiplication signals, so as to thereby generate positive- and negative-frequency offset received signals;

a first combiner for combining all of said negative frequency offset received signals from all of said antenna elements to thereby generate CW received beam signals;

a second combiner for combining all of said positive frequency offset received signals from all of said antenna elements to thereby generate CCW received beam signals;

an I and Q complex signal generator arrangement coupled to said first and second combiners for generating complex CW and CCW signals from said CW and CCW received beam signals;

a replica signal generating arrangement for generating replica signals which represent a plurality of targets at different angles of arrival;

a correlator arrangement coupled to said replica signal generator arrangement and to said complex signal generator arrangement, for correlating said CW and CCW received beam signals with said replica signals, to thereby generate correlated signals; and

a processor coupled to receive said correlated signals deeming the angle of arrival of signal from said target to equal the angle of the maximum value of correlation.

5. An apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a transmitter for transmitting electromagnetic signals toward said target for generating return RF signals for reception by said elements of said antenna array.

6. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said antenna array comprises a planar array.

7. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said source of mutually frequency-offset multiplication signals comprises a phase shifter and a time-delay element.

8. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said source of mutually frequency-offset multiplication signals further comprises at least one of an amplifier and a circulator.

9. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the replica signal generating arrangement comprises a precomputed lookup table of plurality of CW signal replicas corresponding to expected CW signals scattered by target(s) at different Angles of Arrival (AOAs) and a precomputed lookup table of plurality of CCW signal replicas corresponding to expected CCW signals scattered by target(s) at different AOAs.

10. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the replica signal generating arrangement calculates CW replica signals and CCW replica signals at different angles of arrival.

11. An apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising filters coupled to receive said correlated signals, for filtering said correlated signals to reduce noise.

12. An apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a processor arrangement for improving radar accuracy and resolution through application of smoothing, pulse compression, or MiniMax procedure.