Spectral beam combination of laser beams

• US 8,472,763 B1
• Filed: 03/08/2011
• Issued: 06/25/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 07/29/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Aculight Corp. (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Honea, Eric C., Lemaire, Charles A., Mead, Roy D., Brooks, Christopher D., Hamilton, Charles E., Loftus, Thomas H., Liu, Anping, Brown, Andrew J. W., Di Teodoro, Fabio
• Primary Examiner(s): Peace, Rhonda
• Application Number:
  US13/043,342
• Time in Patent Office: 840 Days
• Field of Search: 385/37
• US Class Current: 385/37
• CPC Class Codes: C03B 37/10 Non-chemical treatment surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags C03C25/00
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02328 Hollow or gas filled core
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02347 Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02376 Longitudinal variation along fibre axis direction, e.g. tapered holes
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02385 Comprising liquid, e.g. fluid filled holes
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3826 characterised by form or shape
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/3853 Lens inside the ferrule lensed connectors G02B6/32
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/005 Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping shaping laser beam for working metal or other materials B23K26/06; optical elements, systems or apparatus in general G02B
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0064 Anti-reflection devices, e.g. optical isolaters absorbing layers for marking or protecting purposes in laser working B23K26/50; magneto-optical non-reciprocal devices G02F1/093, G02F1/0955
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0078 Frequency filtering
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06704 Housings; Packages
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06708 Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering optical fibres as passive waveguides G02B6/02
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06729 Peculiar transverse fibre profile
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06741 Photonic crystal fibre, i.e. the fibre having a photonic bandgap
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06745 Tapering of the fibre, core or active region
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06754 Fibre amplifiers H01S3/06708 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06758 Tandem amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/094007 Cladding pumping, i.e. pump light propagating in a clad surrounding the active core

Abstract

A method and apparatus use a photonic-crystal fiber having a very large core while maintaining a single transverse mode. In some fiber lasers and amplifiers having large cores problems exist related to energy being generated at multiple-modes (i.e., polygamy), and of mode hopping (i.e., promiscuity) due to limited control of energy levels and fluctuations. The problems of multiple-modes and mode hopping result from the use of large-diameter waveguides, and are addressed by the invention. This is especially true in lasers using large amounts of energy (i.e., lasers in the one-megawatt or more range). By using multiple small waveguides in parallel, large amounts of energy can be passed through a laser, but with better control such that the aforementioned problems can be reduced. An additional advantage is that the polarization of the light can be maintained better than by using a single fiber core.

Claims

1. A system for combining a plurality of laser beamlets to form a single collimated output beam using spectral beam combination, the system comprising:

a plurality of laser sources emitting a plurality of beamlets, wherein each one of the plurality of beamlets has a different wavelength;

a plurality of lenses arranged to collimate each one of the plurality of beamlets;

a spatial chirper configured to apply a spatial chirp to each one of the collimated plurality of beamlets such that spectral components of the plurality of beamlets are transversely dispersed; and

a dispersive beam combiner configured to remove the spatial chirp imposed by the spatial chirper and to combine the plurality of beamlets into a single collimated output beam.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the spatial chirper includes a plurality of lens-grating pairs, wherein each lens-grating pair is configured to apply a spatial chirp to a corresponding one of the collimated beamlets.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of lens-grating pairs are arranged in a one-dimensional linear array.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the spatial chirper includes a plurality of diffraction gratings, wherein each diffraction grating is arranged to apply a spatial chirp to a corresponding one of the plurality of collimated beamlets.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the spatial chirper and the beam combiner each include a reflective grating with a dielectric coating.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of laser sources includes a laser fiber array.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the laser fiber array includes about one hundred (100) laser fibers arranged in a one-dimensional linear array.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein each one of the plurality of laser sources has a bandwidth of about 1 nm.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the single collimated output beam has an output power of at least 10,000 W.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the spatial chirper includes one or more optical elements further comprising an active positioning control subsystem operably connected to one or more of the optical elements.

11. The system of claim 1, further comprising an astigmatic focusing element configured to reshape the output beam such that a height-to-width ratio of the output beam is substantially one.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of laser sources includes a plurality of photonic-crystal-fiber (PCF) amplifiers.

13. A method for combining a plurality of laser beamlets to form a single collimated output beam using spectral beam combination, comprising:

emitting a plurality of laser beamlets from a plurality of laser sources, wherein each one of the plurality of beamlets has a different wavelength;

dispersively spatially chirping to each one of the plurality of beamlets to produce a transverse distribution of spectral beam components; and

dispersively combining the plurality of spatially-chirped beamlets into a single collimated output beam to remove the spatial chirp imposed by the spatially chirping operation.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the dispersively spatially chirping includes transmitting each one of the plurality of beamlets to a corresponding one of the plurality of lens-grating pairs.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the dispersively spatially chirping includes transmitting each one of the plurality of beamlets to a corresponding one of the plurality of grating pairs including first and second gratings.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising actively controlling the position of at least one optical element of the spatial chirper using an active positioning control subsystem.

17. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

providing an astigmatic focusing element; and

reshaping the output beam using the focusing element such that a height-to-width ratio of the output beam is substantially one.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein each one of the plurality of laser sources has a bandwidth of about 1 nm.

19. A system for combining a plurality of laser beamlets to form a single collimated output beam using spectral beam combination, the system comprising:

a plurality of laser sources emitting a plurality of beamlets, wherein each one of the plurality of beamlets has a different wavelength;

a plurality of lenses arranged to collimate each one of the plurality of beamlets;

a spatial chirper configured to apply a spatial chirp to each one of the collimated plurality of beamlets such that spectral components of the plurality of beamlets are transversely dispersed, wherein the spatial chirper includes a grating pair configured to apply a spatial chirp to each one of the plurality of collimated beamlets.

20. The system of claim 19, further comprising an astigmatic focusing element configured to reshape the output beam such that a height-to-width ratio of the output beam is substantially one.