Systems and methods for overhead imaging and video
First Claim
1. A sensor for collecting image data for use in an overhead imaging system that moves relative to a region of interest below the overhead imaging system, the sensor comprising:
- an imaging sensor having an imaging surface area that has an imaging width, the imaging sensor configured to capture image data from the region of interest below the overhead imaging system at a frame capture rate, the region of interest having a plurality of features;
a plurality of spectral filters, the spectral filters in aggregate covering a spectral imaging portion of the imaging surface area of the imaging sensor,each spectral filter having a spectral filter width at least substantially the same as the imaging width, andeach spectral filter having a spectral filter height greater than a minimum filter height,wherein the minimum filter height equals a ratio of (1) a rate at which the region of interest appears to move across the imaging sensor due to relative motion of the overhead imaging system with respect to the region of interest to (2) the frame capture rate of the imaging sensor; and
a controller configured to control the imaging sensor to capture the image data at the frame capture rate, wherein a frame of the image data comprises a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image corresponding image data captured through one of the plurality of spectral filters, each sub-image including one or more of the plurality of features of the region of interest,the controller further configured such that a portion of the region of interest is captured in a first sub-image of a first frame and said portion of the region of interest is captured in a second sub-image of a second frame, said second frame successive to said first frame, and said second sub-image corresponding to the same spectral filter as said first sub-image,wherein the first frame and the second, successive frame are configured to be combined to form an output image by matching features from the portion of the region of interest present in the image data captured from the first sub-image and the second sub-image.
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Abstract
Examples of an imaging sensor include a two-dimensional staring sensor with spectral filter strips for multispectral overhead imaging. The sensor may also include a panchromatic sensor with block or strip filters. The sensor may be used to collect multispectral color image data at a sampling resolution from overhead imaging platforms such as airplanes or satellites. The sensor can be used to provide video images. If a panchromatic sensor is included, the sensor may be used to collect panchromatic image data. Examples of methods for processing the image date include using the panchromatic image data to perform multi-frame enhancement or panchromatic sharpening on spectral images to improve their quality and resolution.
104 Citations
20 Claims
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1. A sensor for collecting image data for use in an overhead imaging system that moves relative to a region of interest below the overhead imaging system, the sensor comprising:
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an imaging sensor having an imaging surface area that has an imaging width, the imaging sensor configured to capture image data from the region of interest below the overhead imaging system at a frame capture rate, the region of interest having a plurality of features; a plurality of spectral filters, the spectral filters in aggregate covering a spectral imaging portion of the imaging surface area of the imaging sensor, each spectral filter having a spectral filter width at least substantially the same as the imaging width, and each spectral filter having a spectral filter height greater than a minimum filter height, wherein the minimum filter height equals a ratio of (1) a rate at which the region of interest appears to move across the imaging sensor due to relative motion of the overhead imaging system with respect to the region of interest to (2) the frame capture rate of the imaging sensor; and a controller configured to control the imaging sensor to capture the image data at the frame capture rate, wherein a frame of the image data comprises a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image corresponding image data captured through one of the plurality of spectral filters, each sub-image including one or more of the plurality of features of the region of interest, the controller further configured such that a portion of the region of interest is captured in a first sub-image of a first frame and said portion of the region of interest is captured in a second sub-image of a second frame, said second frame successive to said first frame, and said second sub-image corresponding to the same spectral filter as said first sub-image, wherein the first frame and the second, successive frame are configured to be combined to form an output image by matching features from the portion of the region of interest present in the image data captured from the first sub-image and the second sub-image. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
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16. An imaging sensor configured to collect multispectral images from an overhead imaging platform that moves at an overhead speed relative to regions of interest on a surface below the imaging sensor, the imaging sensor comprising:
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a light sensor comprising a plurality of light-sensitive pixels, the light sensor configured to capture images from the region of interest at an image capture rate, the region of interest having a plurality of features; a plurality of spectral filters disposed relative to the light sensor such that light is received from the region of interest through the spectral filters before being collected by the light sensor, each spectral filter having a width and a height and capable of transmitting light in a spectral bandwidth, wherein the height of each of the plurality of spectral filters is greater than a minimum height, wherein the minimum height is equal to a ratio of the overhead speed to the image capture rate; and a controller configured to control the light sensor to capture images at the image capture rate, wherein each image comprises a plurality of sub-images, each sub-image corresponding to light collected by the light sensor after being transmitted through one of the plurality of spectral filters each sub-image including light collected from one or more of the plurality of features of the region of interest, the controller further configured such that light collected from a portion of the region of interest is captured in a first sub-image of a first image and said portion of the region of interest is captured in a second sub-image of a second image, said second image successive to said first image, and said second sub-image corresponding to light transmitted through the same spectral filter as said first sub-image, wherein the first image and the second, successive image are configured to be combined to form an output image by matching features from the portion of the region of interest present in both the first sub-image and the second sub-image. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20)
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Specification