Fuel cell systems and methods for providing power and cooling to an energy-consuming device

• US 8,492,042 B2
• Filed: 12/02/2009
• Issued: 07/23/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 12/02/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: DCNS SA (Government of France)
• Original Assignee: IdaTech LLC (IdaTech Ltd.)
• Inventors: Givens, James A., LaVen, Arne
• Primary Examiner(s): WOLLSCHLAGER, JEFFREY MICHAEL
• Application Number:
  US12/629,348
• Publication Number:
  US 20110129745A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,329 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 429/434
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2250/10 Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04014 Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04201 Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04216 characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04738 of auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04753 of fuel cell reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/065 by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/10 Applications of fuel cells in buildings
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 Fuel cells

Abstract

Fuel cell systems and methods for providing power to an energy-consuming device and cooling of the energy-consuming device utilizing the endothermic process of desorbing hydrogen gas from a hydride bed. Fuel cell systems include a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen storage device having a volume of a hydrogen storage material, and a heat exchange system operatively connected to the hydrogen storage device and configured to heat the hydrogen storage material to desorb hydrogen gas therefrom for delivery to the fuel cell stack. The heat exchange system is further configured to deliver a cooled fluid stream to the energy-consuming device for cooling thereof. The cooled fluid stream may be produced, or cooled, by the endothermic desorption of hydrogen gas from the hydrogen storage device. In some fuel cell systems, the heat exchange system utilizes heat from the energy-consuming device to heat the hydrogen storage material for desorption of hydrogen gas therefrom.

Claims

1. A method of providing power and cooling to an energy-consuming device with a fuel cell system containing a hydrogen storage device, the method comprising:

desorbing hydrogen gas from a volume of hydrogen storage material of a hydride bed of the hydrogen storage device, wherein the desorbing includes delivering a heated air stream heated by the energy-consuming device to the hydrogen storage device to heat the hydrogen storage material;

utilizing the endothermic process of the desorbing hydrogen gas from the volume of hydrogen storage material to cool the energy-consuming device, wherein the utilizing includes delivering a cooled air stream from the hydrogen storage device to the energy-consuming device, wherein the heated air stream and the cooled air stream form a closed loop heat exchange system between the hydrogen storage device and the energy-consuming device;

wherein the energy-consuming device includes a telecommunications installation, wherein the telecommunications installation includes an enclosure, and wherein the delivering the cooled air stream includes delivering the cooled air stream to an interior of the enclosure;

delivering desorbed hydrogen gas from the hydrogen storage device to a fuel cell stack;

producing, by the fuel cell stack, an electrical output from the desorbed hydrogen gas and an oxidant;

powering the energy-consuming device with the electrical output from the fuel cell stack;

and wherein the method further comprises;

initiating production of hydrogen gas by a fuel processor responsive to detecting unavailability of a primary power source, wherein initiating occurs for a fuel processor start-up period of time;

generating, by the fuel processor, hydrogen gas from a feed stream containing at least a carbon-containing feedstock; and

after the fuel processor start-up period of time, delivering hydrogen gas from the fuel processor to the fuel cell stack for producing the electrical output.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

delivering at least a portion of the hydrogen gas generated by the fuel processor to the hydrogen storage device for sorption by the volume of hydrogen storage material.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the delivering at least a portion of the hydrogen gas generated by the fuel processor includes delivering hydrogen gas from the fuel processor to the fuel cell stack in response to an amount of hydrogen gas sorbed by the hydrogen storage material falling below a predetermined threshold.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the delivering at least a portion of the hydrogen gas generated by the fuel processor includes delivering hydrogen gas from the fuel processor to the hydrogen storage device in response to an amount of hydrogen gas sorbed by the hydrogen storage material falling below a predetermined threshold.

5. A fuel cell system for providing power and cooling to an energy-consuming device including a telecommunications installation with an enclosure, the fuel cell system comprising:

a fuel cell stack configured to produce an electrical output from hydrogen gas and an oxidant;

a hydrogen storage device including a hydride bed having a volume of hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen storage material configured to selectively sorb hydrogen gas for storage in the hydrogen storage device and to selectively desorb hydrogen gas for delivery to the fuel cell stack;

a hydrogen delivery conduit fluidly connecting the hydride bed to the fuel cell stack for delivering desorbed hydrogen gas to the fuel cell stack to produce the electrical output;

a heat exchange system operatively connected to the hydrogen storage device and configured to heat the hydrogen storage material to desorb hydrogen gas for delivery to the fuel cell stack, the heat exchange system further configured to produce a cooled fluid stream from the endothermic process associated with heating the hydrogen storage material and desorbing hydrogen gas from the hydrogen storage material, wherein the heat exchange system includes a cooling conduit for delivering the cooled fluid stream to an interior of the enclosure of the telecommunications installation of the energy-consuming device; and

a control system that controls the operation of the fuel cell system using the method of claim 1;

wherein the heat exchange system further includes a heat delivery conduit for delivering a heated fluid stream heated by the energy-consuming device to the hydrogen storage device for heating the hydrogen storage material to desorb hydrogen gas for delivery to the fuel cell stack;

wherein the cooled fluid stream and the heated fluid stream form a closed loop heat exchange system between the hydrogen storage device and the energy-consuming device;

wherein the cooled fluid stream is a cooled air stream and the heated fluid stream is a heated air stream; and

wherein the system further comprises a fuel processor configured to generate hydrogen gas from a feed stream containing at least a carbon-containing feedstock, the fuel processor operatively coupled to the hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell stack, the fuel processor configured to selectively deliver at least a portion of the hydrogen gas generated by the fuel processor to the hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell stack.

6. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the telecommunications installation includes telecommunications equipment.

7. The fuel cell system of claim 6, wherein the telecommunications equipment is housed in the enclosure.

8. The fuel cell system of claim 5, wherein the control system is configured to selectively deliver hydrogen gas from the fuel processor to the hydrogen storage device when an amount of hydrogen gas sorbed by the hydrogen storage material falls below a predetermined threshold.

9. The fuel cell system of claim 5, wherein the control system is configured to selectively deliver hydrogen gas from the fuel processor to the fuel cell stack when an amount of hydrogen gas sorbed by the hydrogen storage material falls below a predetermined threshold.

10. The fuel cell system of claim 5, wherein the control system is configured so that the fuel cell system provides backup power to the energy-consuming device in response to a primary power source becoming unavailable.

11. A fuel cell system for providing power and cooling to an energy-consuming device including a telecommunications installation with an enclosure, the fuel cell system comprising:

a fuel cell stack configured to produce an electrical output from hydrogen gas and an oxidant;

a hydrogen storage device including a hydride bed having a volume of hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen storage material configured to selectively sorb hydrogen gas for storage in the hydrogen storage device and to selectively desorb hydrogen gas for delivery to the fuel cell stack;

a hydrogen delivery conduit fluidly connecting the hydride bed to the fuel cell stack for delivering desorbed hydrogen gas to the fuel cell stack to produce the electrical output;

a heat exchange system operatively connected to the hydrogen storage device and configured to heat the hydrogen storage material to desorb hydrogen gas for delivery to the fuel cell stack, the heat exchange system further configured to produce a cooled air stream from the endothermic process associated with heating the hydrogen storage material and desorbing hydrogen gas from the hydrogen storage material, wherein the heat exchange system includes a cooling conduit for delivering the cooled air stream to an interior of the enclosure of the telecommunications installation of the energy-consuming device, and wherein the heat exchange system is further configured to deliver a heated air stream to the hydrogen storage device to heat the hydrogen storage material to desorb hydrogen gas for delivery to the fuel cell stack, wherein the cooled air stream and the heated air stream form a closed loop heat exchange system between the hydrogen storage device and the energy-consuming device; and

a control system that controls the operation of the fuel cell system using the method of claim 1,

wherein the control system is configured so that the fuel cell system provides backup power to the energy-consuming device in response to a primary power source becoming unavailable; and

wherein the system further comprises a fuel processor configured to generate hydrogen gas from a feed stream containing at least a carbon-containing feedstock, the fuel processor operatively coupled to the hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell stack, the fuel processor configured to selectively deliver at least a portion of the hydrogen as generated by the fuel processor to the hydrogen storage device and the fuel cell stack.