Systems and methods for digestion of solid waste

• US 8,492,134 B2
• Filed: 04/11/2012
• Issued: 07/23/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 07/08/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Aikan North America, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Aikan North America, Inc.
• Inventors: Christensen, Christian Boggild Smed
• Primary Examiner(s): HOBBS, MICHAEL L
• Application Number:
  US13/444,140
• Publication Number:
  US 20130011911A1
• Time in Patent Office: 468 Days
• Field of Search: 4352901-2904, 435/267, 47/14, 71/10, 71/12, 71/14, 210/163, 210/170.08, 405/36, 523/023, 452/0
• US Class Current: 435/267
• CPC Class Codes: C05F 17/40 Treatment of liquids or slurries
• CPC Class Codes: C05F 17/50 Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
• CPC Class Codes: C05F 17/964 Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
• CPC Class Codes: C05F 17/986 the other material being liquid
• CPC Class Codes: C05F 17/989 Flow sheets for biological or biochemical treatment
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 21/04 for producing gas, e.g. biogas digesters for manure with production of biogas A01C3/028, biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage C02F3/00, C02F11/02, preparation of natural gas or syngas C10L3/06, C10L3/10
• CPC Class Codes: C12M 29/02 Percolation
• CPC Class Codes: C12P 5/023 Methane
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 50/30 Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/145 the feedstock being materials of biological origin
• CPC Class Codes: Y02W 30/40 Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Abstract

This invention relates generally to systems and methods for digestion of solid waste that simplify solids handling. In certain embodiments, anaerobic methane extraction takes place for a period of time (e.g., from 1 to 4 weeks), after which an aerobic composting process begins in the same chamber. The organic waste remains in place and oxygen (e.g., in air) is forced into the chamber for an additional period of time (e.g., from 2 to 4 weeks). At the conclusion of the aerobic phase, the process yields a rough compost product that is stable and pathogen free. The rough compost can be further processed and blended to create high value engineered soils.

Claims

1. A method for decomposition of organic matter into biogas and compost, the method comprising:

(a) loading solid organic waste into a waste processing tank;

(b) during one or more series of anaerobic hydrolysis and gasification stages;

(i) spraying percolation liquid over the solid organic waste in the waste processing tank during a first anaerobic hydrolysis stage in which anaerobic bacterial hydrolysis takes place;

(ii) recirculating a first portion of the percolation liquid after it passes through the solid organic waste in the waste processing tank and, without first passing the first portion of the percolation liquid through a biogas reactor, spraying the first portion of the percolation liquid over the solid waste during the first anaerobic hydrolysis stage;

(iii) pumping a second portion of the percolation liquid into the biogas reactor tank for generation of biogas during a first gasification stage;

(iv) pumping percolate liquid out of the biogas reactor tank following the first gasification stage, for spraying over the solid organic waste in the waste processing tank during a second and/or subsequent hydrolysis stage; and

(c) following all anaerobic hydrolysis and gasification stages, ventilating the waste processing tank for composting of the solid organic waste under aerobic conditions.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the series of anaerobic hydrolysis and gasification stages is carried out for a period of time from 1 week to 4 weeks before the composting stage begins.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein methanogenesis takes place in the biogas reactor tank during the gasification stage.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more anaerobic hydrolysis stages take place under atmospheric pressure.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the percolation liquid is passed through a filter tank configured to separate solids from the percolate liquid, then the filtered liquid is transported into a liquid process tank where it mixes with liquid from the biogas reactor tank before being recirculated via spraying over the solid organic waste in the waste processing tank.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the percolation liquid enters a liquid process tank where it mixes with liquid from the biogas reactor tank before being recirculated via spraying over the solid organic waste in the waste processing tank.

7. The method of claim 1, comprising the step of flooding the waste processing tank with percolation liquid at least once during the anaerobic hydrolysis stage.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein anaerobic hydrolysis takes place at the same time as gasification.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the organic solid waste in the waste processing tank reaches at least 60°

C. during at least part of the composting step.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of passing air through a biofilter after it has passed through the solid organic waste in the waste processing tank during the composting step.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the solid organic waste in the waste processing tank has been sanitized by the end of the composting step.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the ventilating step comprises introducing or extracting air through the same drain as the percolation liquid after the percolation liquid passes through the solid organic waste in the waste processing tank.