Wireless sensors and applications

• US 8,503,943 B2
• Filed: 09/13/2010
• Issued: 08/06/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 03/11/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Original Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Inventors: Spanhake, Shannon
• Primary Examiner(s): Dao, Minh D
• Application Number:
  US12/881,122
• Publication Number:
  US 20110092164A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,058 Days
• Field of Search: 455/67.11, 455/423, 455/115.1, 455/226.1, 455/13.4, 455/522, 455/574, 455/127.1, 455/127.5, 455/343.5, 340/516, 340/506, 340/515, 340/636.1, 340/531, 340/438
• US Class Current: 455/67.11
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2209/43 using wireless personal area networks [WPAN], e.g. 802.15, 802.15.1, 802.15.4, Bluetooth or ZigBee
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2209/50 using a mobile data collecting device, e.g. walk by or drive by
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 2209/823 where the data is sent when the measured values exceed a threshold, e.g. sending an alarm
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 9/00 Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 40/10 based on available power or energy
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Abstract

Techniques, apparatuses, and systems can include operating a sensor to respond to one or more target environmental inputs to produce sensor data, sampling the sensor data to produce sample values, performing a sample comparison among two or more of the sample values, monitoring a power supply to ascertain a power level; and selectively transmitting measurement data to a server via one or more wireless communication channels based on the power level and the sample comparison, where the measurement data includes one or more of the sample values.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

operating a sensor to respond to one or more target environmental inputs to produce sensor data;

sampling the sensor data to produce sample values;

comparing two or more of the sample values;

monitoring a power supply to ascertain a power level; and

selectively transmitting measurement data to a server via one or more wireless communication channels based on the power level and the sample value comparison, wherein the measurement data comprises one or more of the sample values.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein selectively transmitting measurement data comprises determining whether to transmit based on a comparison between the power level and a power level threshold value.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein selectively transmitting measurement data comprises overriding a determination to transmit the measurement data based on a comparison between the sample value comparison and a reporting threshold value.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

selectively adjusting a sampling frequency based on the sample value comparison, wherein sampling the sensor to produce sample values comprises sampling data from the sensor at the sampling frequency.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein selectively adjusting the sampling frequency comprises increasing the sampling frequency based on the sample comparison.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein performing the sample value comparison comprises computing a percent change between a current sample value and a previous sample value from the sensor.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein selectively transmitting measurement data comprises transmitting the measurement data to a wireless device over a first wireless channel, wherein the wireless device forwards the measurement data to the server over a second wireless channel.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein transmitting the measurement data to the wireless device comprises transmitting the measurement data over a Bluetooth communication channel.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein selectively transmitting measurement data comprises transmitting the measurement data to the server via a broadband wireless network.

10. A method for using wireless sensors in a wireless communication network, comprising:

operating a sensor to respond to one or more target substances to produce a measurement;

operating a power control unit that is electrically coupled to the sensor to supply and regulate electrical power to the sensor;

measuring a change in measurement data output from the sensor;

controlling the sensor to adjust a sampling rate based on the measured change in the measurement data; and

operating a wireless transmitter to transmit measurement data to a wireless receiver.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the wireless transmitter comprises a Bluetooth transmitter.

12. An apparatus, comprising:

a sensor adapted to respond to one or more target environmental inputs to produce sensor data;

a power control unit electrically coupled to the sensor to supply and regulate electrical power to the sensor;

a controller in communication with and configured to control operations of the sensor and the power control unit, wherein the controller is configured to sample the sensor data to produce sample values, perform a sample comparison among two or more of the sample values, monitor the power control unit to ascertain a power level, and selectively control a transmission of measurement data based on the power level and the sample comparison, wherein the measurement data comprises one or more of the sample values; and

a wireless transmitter in communication with the controller to wirelessly transmit the measurement data to a server in response to an output of the controller, wherein the server is configured to collect sensor data.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the wireless transmitter communicates with the server via a broadband wireless network.

14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the controller comprises a sensor microcontroller configured to include at least one internal memory unit to store the sample values, the sensor microcontroller further configured to control the sensor and to adjust a sampling frequency of the sensor based on the sample comparison.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising:

a portable power source connected to the power control unit which directs electrical power from the portable power source to the sensor and regulates the electrical power in response to a control by the sensor microcontroller, wherein the portable power source comprises a battery.

16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the wireless transmitter is configured to wirelessly communicate with a mobile telephone, which wirelessly communicates with a wireless network, so that the measurement data is first wirelessly transferred to the wireless digital communication device, which in turn wirelessly transfers the measurement data to the wireless network.

17. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the controller is further configured to selectively adjust a sampling frequency based on the sample comparison, wherein sampling the sensor to produce sample values comprises sampling data from the sensor at the sampling frequency.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein selectively adjusting the sampling frequency comprises increasing the sampling frequency in response to the detected change.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein performing the sample comparison comprises computing a percent change between a current sample value and a previous sample value from the sensor.

20. A system comprising:

a server configured to receive sensor data; and

a wireless device in communication with the server via a wireless network, wherein a sensor module is integrated into the wireless device, the sensor module being configured to;

operate a sensor to respond to one or more target environmental inputs to produce sensor data;

sample the sensor data to produce sample values;

perform a sample comparison among two or more of the sample values;

monitor a power supply to ascertain a power level, and

selectively transmit measurement data to a server via one or more wireless communication channels based on the power level and the sample comparison;

wherein the measurement data comprises one or more of the sample values.

21. The system of claim 20, further comprising:

selectively adjusting a sampling frequency based on the sample comparison.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein performing the sample comparison comprises computing a percent change between a current value and a previous value from the sensor.

23. A method comprising:

determining a number of sensors within an operative wireless communication range, wherein each of the sensors is configured to monitor a predetermined parameter;

identifying a sampling resolution specifying an interval at which sample data corresponding to the predetermined parameter is to be captured;

computing a sampling rate that specifies an interval at which each of the sensors will capture sample data;

determining a sampling order that establishes a sequence in which the sensors will capture sample data; and

configuring the sensors to capture sample data in accordance with the sampling rate and the sampling order, and to wirelessly transmit captured sample data.