Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device control system

• US 8,505,282 B2
• Filed: 09/09/2011
• Issued: 08/13/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 09/09/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Original Assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC (General Motors Company)
• Inventors: Gonze, Eugene V., Paratore, Michael J. Jr., Kim, Chang H., Schmieg, Steven J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Denion, Thomas
• Assistant Examiner(s): BOGUE, JESSE SAMUEL
• Application Number:
  US13/228,932
• Publication Number:
  US 20130061576A1
• Time in Patent Office: 704 Days
• Field of Search: 60274-324
• US Class Current: 60/286
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 13/009 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 13/0097 the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/0231 using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/103 Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/106 Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/2026 directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/208 Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/12 Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

An exhaust gas treatment system for an internal combustion engine is provided, including an exhaust gas conduit, an oxidation catalyst (“OC”) device, an electrically heated catalyst (“EHC”) device, a selective catalytic reduction (“SCR”) device, and a control module. The OC device is in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit. The OC device adsorbs hydrocarbons and is selectively activated to induce oxidation of the hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas. The EHC device is in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit and is configured to receive the exhaust gas. The EHC device is located within the OC device and is selectively activated to produce heat and induce further oxidation of the exhaust gas. The EHC device has an oxidation catalyst compound disposed thereon for converting nitrogen oxide (“NO”) to nitrogen dioxide (“NO₂”).

Claims

1. An exhaust gas treatment system for an internal combustion engine, comprising:

an exhaust gas conduit in fluid communication with, and configured to receive an exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas containing oxides of nitrogen (“

NO_x”

), carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons;

an oxidation catalyst (“

OC”

) device in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit, the OC device having a front face, the OC device adsorbing hydrocarbons and selectively activated to induce oxidation of the hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas;

an electrically heated catalyst (“

EHC”

) device in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit and configured to receive the exhaust gas, wherein the EHC device is located within the OC device and is selectively activated to produce heat and induce further oxidation of the exhaust gas, the EHC device having an oxidation catalyst compound disposed thereon for converting nitrogen oxide (“

NO”

) to nitrogen dioxide (“

NO₂”

), the EHC device being positioned downstream of the front face of the OC device such that hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas do not substantially interfere with the generation of NO₂ by the EHC device;

a selective catalytic reduction (“

SCR”

) device in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit and configured to receive the exhaust gas, the SCR device located downstream of the EHC device and the OC device, and wherein the SCR device is in communication with and receives and stores reductant from a reductant source;

a control module in communication with the EHC device and the internal combustion engine, comprising;

a control logic for determining if the SCR device has a threshold value of reductant stored therein, wherein the threshold value of reductant is the amount of reductant needed to create a chemical reaction to convert the reductant and the oxides of nitrogen NO_x in the exhaust gas into intermediates; and

a control logic for activating the reductant source if the SCR device has not stored the threshold value of reductant.

2. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 1, wherein the control module includes a control logic for selectively activating the EHC depending on if the SCR device has achieved a light-off temperature.

3. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 1, further comprising a hydrocarbon (“

HC”

) adsorber in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit and located upstream of both the EHC device, the OC device, and the SCR device, wherein the HC adsorber adsorbs hydrocarbons from the exhaust gas.

4. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 1, further comprising a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit, the first temperature sensor situated upstream of the SCR device and the second temperature sensor situated downstream of the SCR device.

5. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 4, wherein the control module includes control logic for monitoring the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, and a control logic for calculating an SCR temperature profile based on signals from the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor.

6. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 5, wherein the control module includes control logic for determining if the SCR temperature profile of the SCR device is below an SCR light-off temperature, a control logic for activating the EHC device to an EHC light-off temperature if the SCR temperature profile of the SCR device is below the SCR light-off temperature, and a control logic for deactivating the EHC device if the SCR temperature profile of the SCR device is above the SCR light-off temperature.

7. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 1, further comprising a first NO_x sensor and a second NO_x sensor that are in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit, the first NO_x sensor located downstream of the internal combustion engine and upstream of the SCR device and the second NO_x sensor located downstream of the SCR device.

8. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 7, wherein the control module includes a control logic for determining an amount of NO_x in the exhaust gas reduced by the SCR, wherein the amount of NO_x in the exhaust gas reduced by the SCR device is based on the output of the first NO_x sensor, the second NO_x sensor, and the SCR temperature profile temperature.

9. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 8, wherein the control module includes control logic for determining if the amount of NO_x in the exhaust gas reduced by the SCR device is above a threshold NO_x value, wherein the threshold NO_x value represents the maximum amount of NO_x the SCR device reduces.

10. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 9, wherein the control module includes control logic for activating the reductant injector to dose the reductant to the SCR device if the amount of NO_x in the exhaust gas reduced by the SCR is not above the threshold NO_x value.

11. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 1, wherein the OC device has an oxidation catalyst compound disposed thereon that is one of Palladium (“

Pd”

), Platinum (“

Pt”

), and perovskite.

12. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 1, wherein the oxidation catalyst compound disposed on the EHC is one of Palladium (“

Pd”

), Platinum (“

Pt”

), and perovskite.

13. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 1, wherein the control module includes control logic for determining the temperature of the EHC device.

14. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 13, wherein the control module includes control logic for determining the temperature of the EHC device based on an exhaust flow of the engine, an input gas temperature of the engine, and an electrical power provided to an electrical heater of the EHC device.

15. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 13, wherein the control module includes control logic for determining the temperature of the EHC temperature based on operating parameters of the exhaust gas system.

16. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 1, wherein the threshold value of reductant stored by the SCR device is a saturation point representing a maximum amount of reductant that the SCR device stores.

17. An exhaust gas treatment system for an internal combustion engine, comprising:

an exhaust gas conduit in fluid communication with, and configured to receive an exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine, the exhaust gas containing oxides of nitrogen (“

NO_x”

), carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons;

an oxidation catalyst (“

OC”

) device in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit, the OC device having a front face, the OC device adsorbing hydrocarbons and is selectively activated to induce oxidation of the hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas;

an electrically heated catalyst (“

EHC”

) device in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit and configured to receive the exhaust gas, wherein the EHC device is located within the OC device and is selectively activated to produce heat and induce further oxidation of the exhaust gas, the EHC device having an oxidation catalyst compound disposed thereon for converting nitrogen oxide (“

NO”

) to nitrogen dioxide (“

NO₂”

), the EHC device being positioned downstream of the front face of the OC device such that hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas do not substantially interfere with the generation of NO₂ by the EHC device, the EHC device being selectively activated to an EHC light-off temperature;

an selective catalytic reduction (“

SCR”

) device in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit and configured to receive the exhaust gas, the SCR device located downstream of the EHC device and the OC device, and wherein the SCR device is in communication with and receives and stores reductant from a reductant source, the SCR device being selectively activated to an SCR light-off temperature;

a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit, the first temperature sensor situated upstream of the SCR device and the second temperature sensor situated downstream of the SCR device;

a hydrocarbon (“

HC”

) adsorber in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit and located upstream of both the EHC device, the OC device, and the SCR device, wherein the HC adsorber adsorbs hydrocarbons from the exhaust gas;

a control module in communication with the EHC device and the internal combustion engine, comprising;

a control logic for determining if the SCR device has a threshold value of reductant stored therein, wherein the threshold value of reductant is the amount of reductant needed to create a chemical reaction to convert the reductant and the oxides of nitrogen NO_x in the exhaust gas into intermediates;

a control logic for activating the reductant source if the SCR device has not stored the threshold value of reductant;

a control logic for selectively activating the EHC depending on if the SCR device has achieved the SCR light-off temperature;

a control logic for monitoring the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor;

a control logic for calculating an SCR temperature profile based on signals from the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor;

a control logic for determining if the SCR temperature profile of the SCR device is below the SCR light-off temperature;

a control logic for activating the EHC device to the EHC light-off temperature if the SCR temperature profile of the SCR device is below the light-off temperature; and

a control logic for deactivating the EHC device if the SCR temperature profile of the SCR device is above the SCR light-off temperature.

18. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 17, further comprising a first NO_x sensor and a second NO_x sensor that are in fluid communication with the exhaust gas conduit, the first NO_x sensor located downstream of the internal combustion engine and upstream of the SCR device and the second NO_x sensor located downstream of the SCR device.

19. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 18, wherein the control module includes a control logic for determining an amount of NO_x in the exhaust gas reduced by the SCR, wherein the amount of NO_x in the exhaust gas reduced by the SCR device is based on the output of the first NO_x sensor, the second NO_x sensor, and the SCR temperature profile temperature.

20. The exhaust gas treatment system of claim 19, wherein the control module includes control logic for determining if the amount of NO_x in the exhaust gas reduced by the SCR device is above a threshold NO_x value, wherein the threshold NO_x value represents the maximum amount of NO_x the SCR device reduces.