Methods and devices for reducing hazardous air pollutants
First Claim
1. A method of removing sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide from an effluent stream, the method comprising:
- contacting the effluent stream comprising sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide with a substantially dry solid material formed by admixing a slag component having one or more reactive silicate compounds with a binder component, wherein the slag component comprises silicon dioxide at greater than or equal to about 25% by weight, and wherein greater than or equal to about 70% of an initial amount of sulfur oxides present in the effluent stream prior to the contacting are removed and greater than or equal to about 20% of an initial amount of carbon dioxide present in the effluent stream prior to the contacting is removed after the contacting with the substantially dry solid material;
monitoring the amount of sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide present in the effluent stream after the contacting; and
comparing the amount of at least one of the sulfur oxides or carbon dioxide present in the effluent stream after the contacting to a predetermined set point amount for at least one of carbon dioxide or sulfur oxides, wherein when the amount of monitored sulfur oxides or carbon dioxide after the contacting exceeds the predetermined set point amount, replacing the substantially dry solid material with new substantially dry solid material.
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Accused Products
Abstract
The disclosure provides methods and systems for sequestering and/or reducing sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and/or carbon dioxide present in industrial effluent fluid streams. A solid particulate material comprising a slag component, a binder component (distinct from the slag component), and optionally water is formed and then contacted with the effluent fluid stream to reduce at least one of the sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and/or carbon dioxide. The contacting of the effluent stream may occur in a packed bed reactor with the solid dry particulate material. Methods of reducing pollutants from exhaust generated by combustion sources, lime and/or cement kilns, iron and/or steel furnaces, and the like are provided.
70 Citations
22 Claims
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1. A method of removing sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide from an effluent stream, the method comprising:
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contacting the effluent stream comprising sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide with a substantially dry solid material formed by admixing a slag component having one or more reactive silicate compounds with a binder component, wherein the slag component comprises silicon dioxide at greater than or equal to about 25% by weight, and wherein greater than or equal to about 70% of an initial amount of sulfur oxides present in the effluent stream prior to the contacting are removed and greater than or equal to about 20% of an initial amount of carbon dioxide present in the effluent stream prior to the contacting is removed after the contacting with the substantially dry solid material; monitoring the amount of sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide present in the effluent stream after the contacting; and comparing the amount of at least one of the sulfur oxides or carbon dioxide present in the effluent stream after the contacting to a predetermined set point amount for at least one of carbon dioxide or sulfur oxides, wherein when the amount of monitored sulfur oxides or carbon dioxide after the contacting exceeds the predetermined set point amount, replacing the substantially dry solid material with new substantially dry solid material. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
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11. A method of removing sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide from an effluent stream, the method comprising:
contacting the effluent stream comprising sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide with a substantially dry solid material formed by admixing a slag component having one or more reactive silicate compounds with a binder component and a third component comprising a source of calcium oxide and a source of alkali metal ions, the third component comprising free lime (free CaO) at greater than or equal to about 3% by weight and Na2O, K2O, or combinations thereof at greater than or equal to about 1% by weight, wherein the slag component comprises silicon dioxide at greater than or equal to about 25% by weight, wherein greater than or equal to about 80% of an initial amount of sulfur oxides present in the effluent stream prior to the contacting are removed and greater than or equal to about 30% of an initial amount of carbon dioxide present in the effluent stream prior to the contacting is removed by the contacting with the substantially dry solid material. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13)
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14. A method of removing sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide from an effluent stream generated by an industrial process, the method comprising:
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reducing an amount of sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide in the effluent stream generated by the industrial process selected from the group consisting of;
cement manufacturing, lime manufacturing, metal manufacturing, power generation, incineration, and combinations thereof, by contacting the effluent stream with a substantially dry solid material comprising a slag component having one or more reactive silicate compounds with a binder component, wherein the slag component comprises silicon dioxide at greater than or equal to about 25% by weight, wherein greater than or equal to about 70% of an initial amount of sulfur oxides present in the effluent stream prior to the contacting are removed and greater than or equal to about 20% of an initial amount of carbon dioxide present in the effluent stream prior to the contacting is removed by the contacting with the substantially dry solid material;monitoring the amount of sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide present in the effluent stream after the contacting; and comparing the amount of at least one of the sulfur oxides or carbon dioxide present in the effluent stream after the contacting to a predetermined set point amount for at least one of carbon dioxide or sulfur oxides, wherein when the amount of monitored sulfur oxides or carbon dioxide after the contacting exceeds the predetermined set point amount, replacing the substantially dry solid material with new substantially dry solid material. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A method of removing sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide from an effluent stream, the method comprising:
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contacting the effluent stream comprising sulfur oxides and carbon dioxide with a substantially dry solid material consisting essentially of; a slag component having one or more reactive silicate compounds, wherein the slag component comprises silicon dioxide at greater than or equal to about 25% by weight; a binder component; and an optional third component comprising a source of calcium oxide and a source of alkali metal ions, the third component comprising free lime (free CaO) at greater than or equal to about 3% by weight and Na2O, K2O, or combinations thereof at greater than or equal to about 1% by weight, wherein greater than or equal to about 70% of an initial amount of sulfur oxides present in the effluent stream prior to the contacting are removed and greater than or equal to about 20% of an initial amount of carbon dioxide present in the effluent stream prior to the contacting is removed after the contacting with the substantially dry solid material. - View Dependent Claims (22)
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Specification