Method and apparatus for reconfiguring a photonic TR beacon

• US 8,508,408 B2
• Filed: 08/31/2010
• Issued: 08/13/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 08/31/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Quan, Clifton, Wabs, Michael D.
• Primary Examiner(s): LIU, HARRY K
• Application Number:
  US12/872,977
• Publication Number:
  US 20120050106A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,078 Days
• Field of Search: 342/368, 342/354, 342/376, 342/385, 342/423, 343/703
• US Class Current: 342/368
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/28 Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/061 Two dimensional planar arrays
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/267 Phased-array testing or checking devices
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/2676 Optically controlled phased array

Abstract

A system and method for recalibrating a beacon for illuminating an antenna array, the system including an adjustable beacon configured to illuminate at least a portion of an array of antenna elements with a beacon signal, an element locator coupled to the antenna elements and configured to determine a location of a test element of the antenna elements with respect to a reference element of the antenna elements using RF phase sensing based upon the beacon signal as perceived by the test element and the reference element, a beam steering unit coupled between the adjustable beacon and the element locator and configured to cause the adjustable beacon to produce an adjusted beacon signal corresponding to the determined location of the test element and an antenna signal-to-noise ratio perceived by the beam steering unit, a photo-responsive element coupled to the adjustable beacon and configured to power the adjustable beacon, and a light source configured to illuminate the photo-responsive element.

Claims

1. A reconfigurable antenna array system comprising:

an adjustable beacon configured to illuminate at least a portion of an array of antenna elements with a beacon signal;

an element locator coupled to the antenna elements and configured to determine a location of a test element of the antenna elements with respect to a reference element of the antenna elements in three-dimensional space using RF phase sensing based upon the beacon signal as perceived by the test element and the reference element;

a beam steering computer coupled between the adjustable beacon and the element locator and configured to cause the adjustable beacon to produce an adjusted beacon signal corresponding to the determined location of the test element or corresponding to an antenna signal-to-noise ratio calculated by the beam steering computer;

a photo-responsive element coupled to the adjustable beacon and configured to power the adjustable beacon; and

a light source configured to illuminate the photo-responsive element.

2. The reconfigurable antenna array system of claim 1, wherein the adjustable beacon comprises a plurality of radiating elements.

3. The reconfigurable antenna array system of claim 1 further comprising transverse cameras and an inertial measurement unit configured to locate the adjustable beacon relative to an inertial platform coupled to the antenna elements.

4. The reconfigurable antenna array system of claim 3 further comprising at least one of a global positioning system, an attitude sensor coupled to the inertial platform, and a plurality of scatterers configured to locate the inertial platform.

5. The reconfigurable antenna array system of claim 4, wherein the at least one of a global positioning system, an attitude sensor, and a plurality of scatterers uses an estimation algorithm to predict a location of the inertial platform and extrapolates information corresponding thereto to the beam steering computer.

6. The reconfigurable antenna array system of claim 1, wherein the element locator comprises:

phase shifters coupled to the test element and reference element and configured to convert perceived phases of the beacon signal received by the test element and reference element into phase-shifted signals;

a decoder coupled to the phase shifters and configured to decode the phase-shifted signals and convert the phase-shifted signals into a phase-determined signal; and

a phase unwrapping device coupled to the decoder and configured to convert the phase-determined signal into location data corresponding to the determined location of the test element with respect to the reference element.

7. The reconfigurable antenna array system of claim 6, wherein the element locator further comprises:

one or more amplifiers coupled between the phase shifters and the test element and the reference element and configured to amplify the perceived phases and deliver the amplified perceived phases to the phase shifters.

8. The reconfigurable antenna array system of claim 1, wherein the element locator comprises:

phase shifters modulated with unique frequency offsets corresponding to the beacon signal that are configured to directly measure a phase of the test element relative to a phase of the reference element; and

a phase-unwrapping device coupled to the phase shifters and configured to convert the directly measured phases of the test element and the reference element into location data corresponding to the determined location of the test element with respect to the reference element.

9. The reconfigurable antenna array system of claim 1, wherein the light source is a laser that is coupled to a photovoltaic device configured to power the laser.

10. The reconfigurable antenna array system of claim 1 further comprising:

a first wavelength division module coupled between the beam steering control unit and the beacon and a second wavelength division module coupled between the beam steering control unit and the element locator, wherein the wavelength division modules are coupled to the beacon and the element locator via electro-optic modulators and photodetectors at first ports and coupled to each other at second ports via optic fiber and antenna array control electronics.

11. A method of configuring an antenna array system having a beacon used to determine three-dimensional physical displacement of antenna elements of an antenna array, the method comprising:

illuminating the antenna elements with a beacon signal produced by the beacon;

producing a plurality of signals corresponding to the beacon signal as sensed by the antenna elements;

determining a location of a test element of the antenna elements with respect to a reference element of the antenna elements based upon the plurality of signals using RF phase sensing technology;

performing a beam-steering correction based upon the determined location of the test element with respect to the reference element to shape and point the beacon signal to more effectively illuminate the antenna elements; and

powering the beacon with light.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the beacon signal comprises multiple simultaneous tones.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the location of the test element with respect to the reference element is determined by:

modulating the plurality of signals with unique spinning rates corresponding to frequency offsets of the multiple simultaneous tones to produce phase-shifted signals;

determining a phase difference between a first phase-shifted signal of the phase-shifted signals corresponding to the test element and a second phase-shifted signal of the phase-shifted signals corresponding to the reference element; and

unwrapping the phase difference to produce location data.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein determining the phase difference between the first phase-shifted signal and the second phase-shifted signal comprises:

summing the phase-shifted signals to create a wrapped signal;

down-converting the wrapped signal to create a mixed signal;

digitizing the mixed signal to create a digitized signal; and

processing the digitized signal in a fast Fourier transform.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the plurality of signals are amplified.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

establishing predicted array displacement and predicted propagation parameters using at least one algorithm;

compensating the phase difference corresponding to the predicted array displacement and predicted propagation parameters; and

calculating phase delay and time delay to improve accuracy of the location data.

17. The method of claim 12, wherein the multiple simultaneous tones comprise one or more individual frequency bands.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the one or more individual frequency bands comprise X-band and UHF.

19. The method of claim 11 further comprising:

locating the beacon relative to an inertial platform using transverse cameras and an inertial measurement unit; and

locating the inertial platform relative to a position on earth using at least one of a global positioning system, an attitude sensor coupled to the inertial platform, and a plurality of scatterers.

20. A method of configuring an antenna array system having a beacon used to determine three-dimensional physical displacement of antenna elements of an antenna array, the method comprising:

emitting a beacon signal comprising multiple simultaneous tones in UHF band and X-band from a beacon;

illuminating the antenna elements with the beacon signal;

producing a plurality of signals corresponding to the beacon signal as sensed by the antenna elements;

amplifying the plurality of signals;

modulating the amplified plurality of signals with a unique spinning rate corresponding to frequency offsets of the multiple simultaneous tones to produce phase-shifted signals;

summing the phase-shifted signals to create a wrapped signal;

down-converting the wrapped signal to create a mixed signal;

digitizing the mixed signal to create a digitized signal;

processing the digitized signal in a fast Fourier transform to produce an FFT signal;

using the FFT signal to determine a phase difference between a first phase-shifted signal corresponding to the test element and a second phase-shifted signal corresponding to the reference element;

unwrapping the phase difference to produce inertial location data;

using the inertial location data to determine a location of a test element of the antenna elements with respect to a reference element of the antenna elements;

determining a location of the beacon with respect to an inertial platform using transverse cameras and an inertial measurement unit;

determining a location of the inertial platform with respect to a position on earth using at least one of a global positioning system, an attitude sensor, and a plurality of scatterers;

based upon the determined location of the test element with respect to the reference element, performing at least one of a beam-steering correction to shape and point the beacon signal to more effectively illuminate the antenna array and an element correction to adjust directivity of the antenna elements; and

powering the beacon with light.