Method and device for low-energy termination of atrial tachyarrhythmias

• US 8,509,889 B2
• Filed: 12/11/2008
• Issued: 08/13/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 12/11/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Washington University In St Louis
• Original Assignee: Washington University In St Louis
• Inventors: Efimov, Igor R., Ripplinger, Crystal M., Foyil, Kelley V., Ambrosi, Christina, Fedorov, Vadim V.
• Primary Examiner(s): Koharski, Christopher D
• Assistant Examiner(s): VOORHEES, CATHERINE M
• Application Number:
  US12/333,257
• Publication Number:
  US 20090204164A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,706 Days
• Field of Search: 600509-510, 607/9, 607/14, 607 27- 28, 607 4- 5
• US Class Current: 607/9
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3624 occurring in the atrium, i.e. atrial tachycardia
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/395 for treating atrial fibrillation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3956 Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion

Abstract

Methods for treating atrial arrhythmias can involve configuring an implantable arrhythmia treatment device. A device can be configured after implantation when the patient is fully conscious and after any pain suppression medication has worn off. The device is caused to apply a phased unpinning far field therapy to the patient in response to detection of an arrhythmia via a far field configuration of electrodes. An indication of a pain sensation of the patient and the effectiveness of the treatment in response to the therapy can then be received. In response, at least one of a set of therapy parameters is adjusted and the steps are repeated until it is determined that an effective treatment is provide at a pain sensation that is tolerable to the patient. The device is then programmed to automatically treat arrhythmias detected in the patient with the determined set of therapy parameters.

Claims

1. An atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus, comprising:

an implantable therapy generator adapted to be implanted in a patient, including;

means for detecting an atrial arrhythmia;

means for generating a phased unpinning far field therapy having an energy level above a pacing threshold and below a pain threshold of the patient; and

means for controlling delivery of the phased unpinning far field therapy in response to detection of the atrial arrhythmia; and

at least two leads operably connected to the implantable therapy generator, each lead having at least two electrodes adapted to be positioned proximate an atrium of a heart of the patient through which the phased unpinning far field therapy is selectively delivered to the atrium of the heart;

wherein the implantable therapy generator is configured to selectively excite the electrodes to create at least three different electric fields between the electrodes and the device associated with at least three unique electrode configurations to deliver a rotating set of phased unpinning far field electrical fields, each of the individual electrical fields of the rotating set of phased unpinning far-field electrical fields established by a pulse train comprising one or more pulses, and each of the individual electrical fields associated with a unique electrode configuration.

2. The atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first electric field is directed from an electrode located at a right atrial appendage to the device, the second electric field is directed from an electrode located at a coronary sinus to an electrode at a superior venae cavae, and the third electric field is directed from the device to the electrode at the coronary sinus.

3. The atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein a first pulse of a given pulse train is delivered by a first pair of electrodes comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, a second pulse of the given pulse train is delivered by a second pair of electrodes comprising a third electrode and a fourth electrode, and a third pulse of the given pulse train is delivered by a third pair of electrodes comprising a fifth electrode and a sixth electrode.

4. The atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the second electrode and the fifth electrode are the same electrode.

5. The atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first electrode comprises an electrode located in a right atrial appendage, the second electrode comprises the device housing, the third electrode comprises an electrode located distal an a coronary sinus, the fourth electrode comprises an electrode located in a superior venae cavea, and the sixth electrode comprises an electrode located proximal in the coronary sinus.

6. The atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first electric field is directed from a right atrial appendage to the device, the second electric field is directed from a coronary sinus to a superior venae cavae, and the third electric field is directed from the device to the coronary sinus.

7. The atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pulse train is delivered within one cycle length of the atrial arrhythmia.

8. The atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein an energy range of each individual pulse of the pulse train ranges from 0.02 Joules to 0.1 Joules.

9. The atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein one of the electrodes functions as an anode for a first pulse and also as a cathode for a second pulse.

10. The atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rotating set of phased unpinning far-field electrical fields are delivered within a predetermined zone of a heart of the patient.

11. An atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus, comprising:

an implantable therapy generator adapted to be implanted in a patient, including;

means for detecting an atrial arrhythmia;

means for generating a phased unpinning far field therapy having an energy level above a pacing threshold and below a pain threshold of the patient; and

means for controlling delivery of the phased unpinning far field therapy in response to detection of the atrial arrhythmia; and

at least two leads operably connected to the implantable therapy generator, each lead having at least two electrodes adapted to be positioned proximate an atrium of a heart of the patient through which the phased unpinning far field therapy is selectively delivered to the atrium of the heart;

wherein the implantable therapy generator is configured to selectively excite the electrodes to create a plurality of different electric fields between the electrodes and the device to deliver a rotating set of phased unpinning far field electrical fields, each of the individual electrical fields of the rotating set of phased unpinning far-field electrical established by a pulse train comprising from two to ten pulses and atrial pacing thresholds having a minimum cycle length ranging from 20% to 99% of a cycle length of the atrial arrhythmia, and each of the individual electrical fields associated with a unique electrode configuration.

12. The atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus of claim 11, wherein the pulse train is delivered within one cycle length of the atrial arrhythmia.

13. The atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus of claim 11, wherein an energy range of each individual pulse of the pulse train ranges from 0.02 Joules to 0.1 Joules.

14. The atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus of claim 11, wherein one of the electrodes functions as an anode for a first pulse and also as a cathode for a second pulse.

15. The atrial arrhythmia treatment apparatus of claim 11, wherein the rotating set of phased unpinning far-field electrical fields are delivered within a predetermined zone of a heart of the patient.