Method and apparatus for assay of electrochemical properties
First Claim
1. In a method for electrochemical determination of an analyte in a sample disposed in a conduction cell the improvement comprising the step of applying a correction based on an analyte-independent measurement on the sample to an analyte-dependent measurement on the sample to produce a corrected determination of analyte, wherein the analyte-independent measurement is obtained by observation of potential difference between electrodes of the conduction cell at one or more times after an external potential has first applied to and then removed from conduction cell.
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Abstract
The presence of a select analyte such as glucose in the sample is evaluated in an electrochemical system using a conduction cell-type apparatus. A potential or current is generated between the two electrodes of the cell sufficient to bring about oxidation or reduction of the analyte or of a mediator in an analyte-detection redox system, thereby forming a chemical potential gradient of the analyte or mediator between the two electrodes after the gradient is established, the applied potential or current is discontinued and an analyte-independent signal is obtained from the relaxation of the chemical potential gradient. The analyte-independent signal is used to correct the analyte-dependent signal obtained during application of the potential or current.
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Citations
42 Claims
- 1. In a method for electrochemical determination of an analyte in a sample disposed in a conduction cell the improvement comprising the step of applying a correction based on an analyte-independent measurement on the sample to an analyte-dependent measurement on the sample to produce a corrected determination of analyte, wherein the analyte-independent measurement is obtained by observation of potential difference between electrodes of the conduction cell at one or more times after an external potential has first applied to and then removed from conduction cell.
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8. A method of evaluating a sample for the presence of a select analyte comprising the steps of:
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(a) introducing the sample into a space between two electrodes of a conduction cell; (b) applying a potential between the two electrodes sufficient to bring about oxidation or reduction of the analyte or of a mediator in an analyte-detection redox system, thereby forming a chemical potential gradient of the analyte or mediator between the two electrodes; (c) after the gradient is established, discontinuing the applied potential and obtaining an analyte-independent signal reflecting relaxation of the chemical potential gradient; (d) obtaining an analyte-dependent signal during the application of the potential from measurement of a current transient before a steady state current is reached, and (e) correcting the analyte-dependent signal obtained in step (d) using the analyte-independent signal obtained in step (c) to obtain a corrected analyte-dependent signal indicative of the presence of the selected analyte in the sample. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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22. A method for determining an effective transport parameter (PT) for a sample disposed in an electrochemical cell, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises at least a first and second electrodes in contact with the sample, said method comprising the step of:
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(a) applying an external potential between the first and second electrodes to generate a current and a chemical potential gradient in the sample between the first and second electrodes; (b) interrupting the external potential to establish a zero current state, and (c) observing the potential difference between the first and second electrodes after the interruption of the external potential, wherein the observed potential difference provides a measure of the effective transport parameter PT. - View Dependent Claims (23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42)
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Specification