Sorbents for the oxidation and removal of mercury
First Claim
1. A method for separating mercury from a mercury-containing gas stream, the method comprising:
- contacting a particulate carbon including at least some graphene and a promoter selected from the group consisting of an elemental halogen, a group V halide, a group VI halide, a hydrohalide, and combinations thereof, to form a promoted sorbent particulate, modifying at least some edge structures of at least some of the graphene of the particulate carbon with the promoter to form carbocations, wherein some of the modified edge structures of the graphene accept electrons from neutral mercury atoms;
contacting the promoted sorbent particulate with a mercury stabilizing agent to form a bifunctional sorbent particulate;
contacting the mercury-containing gas stream and the bifunctional sorbent particulate to form a stabilized mercury/bifunctional sorbent particulate; and
separating at least a portion of the stabilized mercury/bifunctional sorbent particulate from the gas stream.
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Accused Products
Abstract
A promoted activated carbon sorbent is described that is highly effective for the removal of mercury from flue gas streams. The sorbent comprises a new modified carbon form containing reactive forms of halogen and halides. Optional components may be added to increase reactivity and mercury capacity. These may be added directly with the sorbent, or to the flue gas to enhance sorbent performance and/or mercury capture. Mercury removal efficiencies obtained exceed conventional methods. The sorbent can be regenerated and reused. Sorbent treatment and preparation methods are also described. New methods for in-flight preparation, introduction, and control of the active sorbent into the mercury contaminated gas stream are described.
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Citations
60 Claims
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1. A method for separating mercury from a mercury-containing gas stream, the method comprising:
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contacting a particulate carbon including at least some graphene and a promoter selected from the group consisting of an elemental halogen, a group V halide, a group VI halide, a hydrohalide, and combinations thereof, to form a promoted sorbent particulate, modifying at least some edge structures of at least some of the graphene of the particulate carbon with the promoter to form carbocations, wherein some of the modified edge structures of the graphene accept electrons from neutral mercury atoms; contacting the promoted sorbent particulate with a mercury stabilizing agent to form a bifunctional sorbent particulate; contacting the mercury-containing gas stream and the bifunctional sorbent particulate to form a stabilized mercury/bifunctional sorbent particulate; and separating at least a portion of the stabilized mercury/bifunctional sorbent particulate from the gas stream. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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21. A method for separating mercury, having at least some neutral mercury atoms, contained in a gas stream, comprising:
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contacting activated carbon including at least some graphene and a promoter selected from the group consisting of an elemental halogen, a group V halide, a group VI halide, a hydrohalide, and combinations thereof, to form a promoted sorbent particulate by modifying at least some edge structures of the graphene to form carbocations, such that the modified edge structures accept electrons from the neutral mercury atoms of the mercury; contacting the mercury-containing gas stream and the promoted sorbent particulate to form a stabilized mercury-sorbent particulate; and separating at least some of the stabilized mercury-sorbent particulate from the gas stream. - View Dependent Claims (22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
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31. A method for removing mercury from a mercury-containing gas stream, comprising:
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contacting activated carbon including at least some graphene and a promoter selected from the group consisting of an elemental halogen, a group V halide, a group VI halide, a hydrohalide, and combinations thereof, to form a promoted sorbent particulate, modifying at least some of the edge structures of some of the graphene, for forming carbocations such that the promoted sorbent particulate accepts electrons from neutral mercury atoms of the mercury; contacting the mercury-containing gas stream and the promoted sorbent particulate for forming a stabilized mercury-sorbent particulate; and separating at least a portion of the stabilized mercury-sorbent particulate from the gas stream. - View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40)
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41. A method for separating mercury in a gas stream comprising:
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contacting carbon including at least some graphene and a promoter selected from the group consisting of an elemental halogen, a group V halide, a group VI halide, a hydrohalide, and combinations thereof, to form a promoted sorbent particulate; modifying at least some of the edge structures of at least some of the graphene of the carbon for forming carbocations for the promoted sorbent for accepting at least some electrons from mercury atoms of the mercury; contacting the mercury-containing gas stream and the promoted sorbent particulate for forming a stabilized mercury-sorbent particulate; and separating at least some of the stabilized mercury-sorbent particulate from the gas stream. - View Dependent Claims (42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50)
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51. A method for separating mercury in a gas stream comprising:
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contacting carbon including at least some graphene and a promoter including at least one of bromine, bromine compounds, and combinations thereof to form a promoted sorbent particulate; modifying at least some of the edge structures of the graphene for forming carbocations for accepting some electrons from mercury atoms of the mercury; contacting the mercury-containing gas stream and the a promoted sorbent particulate for forming a stabilized mercury-sorbent particulate; and
,separating at least some of the stabilized mercury-sorbent particulate from the gas stream. - View Dependent Claims (52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60)
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Specification