Electrical accumulator unit for providing auxiliary power to an electrical network

• US 8,513,829 B1
• Filed: 11/06/2009
• Issued: 08/20/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 11/06/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: PC Krause & Associates, Inc.
• Original Assignee: PC Krause & Associates, Inc.
• Inventors: Amrhein, Marco, Walters, Eric A., Wells, Jason R., Iden, Steven M.
• Primary Examiner(s): DeBeradinis, Robert L.
• Application Number:
  US12/614,103
• Time in Patent Office: 1,383 Days
• Field of Search: 307/9.1
• US Class Current: 307/9.1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/10 Air crafts
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/32 Waterborne vessels
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/14 Boost converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/527 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2270/46 Heat pumps, e.g. for cabin heating
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/30 using propulsion power stored mechanically, e.g. in fly-wheels
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/40 using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/62 charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/40 for controlling a combination of batteries and fuel cells
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 9/066 characterised by the use of dynamo-electric machines H02J9/08 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/70 using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/797 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/40 Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

An electrical accumulator unit wherein an energy storage device is utilized in conjunction with an actively controlled bidirectional power converter to provide auxiliary power to an electrical network is disclosed.

Claims

1. A device for providing auxiliary power to an electrical network comprising:

an energy storage device; and

an actively controlled power converter coupled in parallel to said electrical network and operatively coupled to the energy storage device;

wherein said actively controlled power converter is configured to provide automatic bidirectional power flow into and out of the electrical network from and to, respectively, the energy storage device in response to at least one measured electrical property within the electrical network.

2. The device of claim 1,

wherein said power flow is adjusted to regulate the electrical load seen by a primary electrical source;

and

wherein said power flow is further adjusted to regulate energy stored in the energy storage device if said electrical load is within a specified range.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein said at least one measured electrical property is selected from the group consisting of voltage, current and power.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein a rate of change of said at least one measured electrical property is used by said actively controlled power converter to determine said automatic bidirectional power flow.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein said actively controlled power converter comprises a plurality of electronic switches and a plurality of diodes, each one of said diodes connected across the collector and emitter of one of said electronic switches such that the forward bias current of each one of said diodes is from the emitter to the collector of the corresponding electronic switch.

6. The device of claim 5, wherein said plurality of electronic switches comprises two low side electronic switches and two high side electronic switches;

wherein the emitter of each low side electronic switch is connected to a neutral his and the collector of each low side electronic switch is connected to at least one inductor in the actively controlled power converter; and

wherein the collector of each high side electronic switch is connected to a positive bus in the electrical network and the emitter of each high side electronic switch is connected to the at least one inductor in the actively controller power converter.

7. The device of claim 5, wherein said plurality of electronic switches comprises IGBT switches.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein said actively controlled power converter comprises a boost converter.

9. The device of claim 8, wherein said actively controlled power converter comprises an interleaved boost converter.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein said actively controlled power converter comprises a bidirectional interleaved boost converter.

11. The device of claim 1, wherein said energy storage device is selected from the group consisting of an ultra-capacitor, a conventional capacitor, an inductor, an electro-chemical battery, a mechanical spring, a fuel cell, a rotating mass, a pressurized fluid, and a pressurized gas.

12. The device of claim 1, wherein said electrical network is connected to a platform selected from the group consisting of an aircraft, a marine vehicle, a terrestrial vehicle, and a non-moving environment.

13. The device of claim 1, wherein said actively controlled power converter is configured to limit the power draw seen by a primary power source on the electrical network to being within a specified maximum and minimum limit despite loads which draw or source power outside of the maximum and minimum limit.

14. The device of claim 13, wherein said actively controller power converter is further configured to maintain the charge of the energy storage device if the primary power source is operating within the specified maximum and minimum limit.

15. A method for controlling power flow into an electrical network from an EAU and out of the electrical network to the EAU comprising the acts of:

(a) coupling the EAU in parallel to said electrical network;

(b) sensing at least one electrical property of the electrical network; and

(c) providing automatic bidirectional power flow into and out of the electrical network from and to, respectively, the EAU in response at least in part to the at least one sensed electrical property.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said at least one measured electrical property is selected from the group consisting of voltage, current and power.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein a rate of change of said at least one measured electrical property is used at least in part to determine said automatic bidirectional power flow.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein:

act (b) comprises;

(b) sensing a required load power; and

act (c) comprises;

(c.1) determining an upper EAU power limit which will prevent a primary power source from exceeding a primary power source upper limit;

(c.2) determining a lower EAU power limit which will prevent the primary power source from exceeding a primary power source lower limit;

(c.3) determining a commanded power value based on a voltage differential between the energy storage device and a nominal voltage;

(c.4) ensuring that the commanded power value does not exceed the upper EAU power limit or the lower EAU power limit;

(c.5) determining a first duty ratio D of an actively controlled power converter of the EAU based on the commanded power value; and

(c.6) applying a signal having the first duty ratio to the actively controlled power converter to sink or source power from or to, respectively, the electrical network.

19. The method of claim 18,

wherein said upper EAU power limit is chosen to further prevent the primary power source from exceeding a primary power source upper rate of change limit;

and

wherein said lower EAU power limit is chosen to further prevent the primary power source from exceeding a primary power source lower rate of change limit.

20. The method of claim 18,

wherein the first duty ratio D is used to control at least one low side electronic switch within the power converter;

and

wherein a value of (1-D) is used as a second duty ratio to control at least one high side electronic switch within the power converter.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the same relative switching order is used to control the low side and high side electronic switches in the power converter regardless of whether the EAU is sourcing or sinking power to the electrical network.

22. The method of claim 18, wherein a proportional integral controller is used to determine an idealized output voltage of the power converter based upon a differential between the commanded power value and a measured EAU power value.

23. The method of claim 22, where the duty ratio is determined based on the idealized power converter output voltage, a measured voltage across an energy storage device of the EAU, and a measured voltage across a bus of the electrical network.