Active noise cancellation decisions in a portable audio device

• US 8,515,089 B2
• Filed: 06/04/2010
• Issued: 08/20/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 06/04/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Nicholson, Guy C.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lee, Ping
• Application Number:
  US12/794,588
• Publication Number:
  US 20110299695A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,173 Days
• Field of Search: 381/71.6, 381/71.8, 381/71.11, 381/71.12, 381/74
• US Class Current: 381/71.6
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/175 using interference effects; Masking sound
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17817 between the output signals and the error signals, i.e. secondary path
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17823 Reference signals, e.g. ambient acoustic environment
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17827 Desired external signals, e.g. pass-through audio such as music or speech
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17833 by using a self-diagnostic function or a malfunction prevention function, e.g. detecting abnormal output levels
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17835 using detection of abnormal input signals
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17854 the filter being an adaptive filter
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17855 for improving speed or power requirements
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17857 Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17881 the reference signal being an acoustic signal, e.g. recorded with a microphone
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 11/17885 additionally using a desired external signal, e.g. pass-through audio such as music or speech
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/1081 Earphones, e.g. for telephones, ear protectors or headsets
• CPC Class Codes: G10K 2210/3026 Feedback

Abstract

Active noise cancellation (ANC) circuitry is coupled to the input of an earpiece speaker in a portable audio device, to control the ambient acoustic noise outside of the device and that may be heard by a user of the device. A microphone is to pickup sound emitted from the earpiece speaker, as well as the ambient acoustic noise. Control circuitry deactivates the ANC in response to determining that an estimate of how much sound emitted from the earpiece speaker has been corrupted by noise indicates insufficient corruption by noise. In another embodiment, the ANC decision is in response to determining that an estimate of the ambient noise level is greater than a threshold level of an audio artifact that could be induced by the ANC. Other embodiments are also described and claimed.

Claims

1. A portable audio device comprising:

an earpiece speaker having an input to receive an audio signal;

active noise cancellation (ANC) circuitry to provide an anti-noise signal at the input of the earpiece speaker to control ambient acoustic noise outside of the device that is heard by a user of the device;

a first microphone to pick up the ambient acoustic noise, wherein the ANC circuitry includes an adaptive filter that generates the anti-noise signal using a representation of the ambient acoustic noise as picked up by the first microphone;

noise measurement circuitry having a first input coupled to an output of a second microphone, a second input coupled to receive the audio signal and the anti-noise signal, a first filter that models the earpiece speaker and the second microphone, a differencing unit having a first input coupled to the output of the second microphone and a second input coupled to an output of the first filter, and a second filter that models the earpiece speaker and the second microphone, wherein the audio signal is to pass through the first and second filters and the anti-noise signal is to pass through the first filter and further wherein the second microphone is positioned closer to the earpiece speaker than the first microphone and is to pick up (a) sound emitted from the earpiece speaker and (b) the ambient acoustic noise; and

control circuitry coupled to receive an estimate of the ambient acoustic noise from the noise measurement circuitry and to deactivate the ANC circuitry in response to determining that an estimate of how much sound emitted from the earpiece speaker has been corrupted by said ambient acoustic noise, indicates insufficient corruption by noise.

2. The portable audio device of claim 1 wherein the ANC circuitry comprises an anti-noise filter that inverts a signal at its input, the input being coupled to receive the estimate of the ambient acoustic noise.

3. The portable audio device of claim 1 wherein the control circuitry is to calculate signal to noise ratio (SNR) as referring to the audio signal and said ambient acoustic noise, and wherein the control circuitry is to deactivate the ANC circuitry when the calculated SNR is above a predetermined threshold.

4. The portable audio device of claim 1 wherein the control circuitry comprises:

a smoothing conditioner to smooth the signals from outputs of the second filter and the differencing unit; and

a decision circuit having first and second inputs coupled to receive the smoothed signals, respectively, and an output that indicates whether or not the ANC circuitry is to be deactivated.

5. The portable audio device of claim 4 wherein the control circuitry is to calculate signal to noise ratio (SNR) using the smoothed signals, and wherein the control circuitry is to deactivate the ANC circuitry when the calculated SNR is above a predetermined threshold.

6. The portable audio device of claim 1 wherein the ANC circuitry when activated can enhance intelligibility of a far-end user'"'"'s speech contained in the audio signal and as heard by a near-end user of the device through the earpiece speaker, during a call between the far-end user and the near-end user.

7. A method for performing a call using a portable audio communications device comprising:

activating active noise cancellation (ANC) circuitry so that an anti-noise signal is output to control ambient acoustic noise during the call at an earpiece speaker of the portable audio communications device;

passing a downlink speech signal of the call and the anti-noise signal through a first filter that models the earpiece speaker and an error microphone;

computing an estimate of the ambient acoustic noise using the first filtered downlink speech signal and the first filtered anti-noise signal;

passing the downlink speech signal of the call through a second filter that models the earpiece speaker and the error microphone;

determining, using the computed ambient noise estimate and the second filtered downlink speech signal, that sound emitted from an earpiece speaker of the device is not being sufficiently corrupted by said ambient acoustic noise; and

deactivating the ANC circuitry in response to the determination.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the determining comprises comparing signal to noise ratio (SNR), referring to the downlink speech signal and the ambient acoustic noise, to a predetermined threshold to find that the SNR is greater than the predetermined threshold.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein the deactivating the ANC circuitry comprises:

setting a plurality of tap coefficients of a digital anti-noise filter whose output feeds the earpiece speaker, to zero.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the deactivating the ANC circuitry further comprises:

disabling an adaptive filter controller that updates the tap coefficients, so that the tap coefficients are no longer being updated.

11. The method of claim 7 wherein the deactivating the ANC circuitry comprises:

disabling an adaptive filter controller that updates a plurality of tap coefficients of a digital anti-noise filter, so that the tap coefficients are no longer being updated.

12. A method for performing a call using a portable audio communications device, comprising:

a) determining that an estimate of how much sound emitted from an earpiece speaker of the device during the call has been corrupted by ambient acoustic noise, indicates sufficient corruption by noise;

b) in response to the determination in a), activating active noise cancellation (ANC) circuitry so that an anti-noise signal is output to control the ambient acoustic noise during the call at an earpiece speaker of the portable audio communications device;

b2) passing a downlink speech signal of the call and the anti-noise signal through a first filter that models the earpiece speaker and an error microphone;

b3) computing an estimate of the ambient acoustic noise using the first filtered downlink speech signal and the first filtered anti-noise signal;

b4) passing the downlink speech signal of the call through a second filter that models the earpiece speaker and the error microphone;

c) determining , using the computed ambient noise estimate and the second filtered downlink speech signal, that sound emitted from the earpiece speaker during the call has not been corrupted by ambient acoustic noise; and

d) deactivating the ANC circuitry in response to the determination in c).