Methods for noninvasive determination of in vivo alcohol concentration using Raman spectroscopy
First Claim
1. A method for the non-invasive determination of an attribute of a human tissue of an individual by Raman spectroscopy using a single spectrometer, wherein the spectrometer comprises a detector configured to detect light incident thereon, the method comprising:
- (a) illuminating a portion the tissue with excitation light, where the tissue is not the eye;
(b) collecting light from the tissue and generating a spectroscopic signal using the single spectrometer subsystem, wherein the spectroscopic signal includes information from at least one of;
a steady state Raman measurement, a time-resolved Raman measurement, a spontaneous Raman measurement, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurement, an anti-Stokes Raman scattering measurement, and a coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) measurement, and wherein wavelength information obtained from a reference beam in connection with the spectroscopic signal is obtained with the detector, and wherein wavelength information obtained from the tissue in connection with the spectroscopic signal is obtained with the same detector; and
(c) determining the attribute from the spectroscopic signal and a multivariate model relating spectroscopic signals from Raman scattering and the attribute.
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Abstract
Methods and apparatuses for the determination of an attribute of the tissue of an individual use non-invasive Raman spectroscopy. For example, the alcohol concentration in the blood or tissue of an individual can be determined non-invasively. A portion of the tissue is illuminated with light, the light propagates into the tissue where it is Raman scattered within the tissue. The Raman scattered light is then detected and can be combined with a model relating Raman spectra to alcohol concentration in order to determine the alcohol concentration in the blood or tissue of the individual. Correction techniques can be used to reduce determination errors due to detection of light other than that from Raman scattering from the alcohol in the tissue. Other biologic information can be used in combination with the Raman spectral properties to aid in the determination of alcohol concentration, for example age of the individual, height of the individual, weight of the individual, medical history of the individual and his/her family, ethnicity, skin melanin content, or a combination thereof. The method and apparatus can be highly optimized to provide reproducible and, preferably, uniform radiance of the tissue, low tissue sampling error, depth targeting of the tissue layers or sample locations that contain the attribute of interest, efficient collection of Raman spectra from the tissue, high optical throughput, high photometric accuracy, large dynamic range, excellent thermal stability, effective calibration maintenance, effective calibration transfer, built-in quality control, and ease-of-use.
181 Citations
25 Claims
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1. A method for the non-invasive determination of an attribute of a human tissue of an individual by Raman spectroscopy using a single spectrometer, wherein the spectrometer comprises a detector configured to detect light incident thereon, the method comprising:
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(a) illuminating a portion the tissue with excitation light, where the tissue is not the eye; (b) collecting light from the tissue and generating a spectroscopic signal using the single spectrometer subsystem, wherein the spectroscopic signal includes information from at least one of;
a steady state Raman measurement, a time-resolved Raman measurement, a spontaneous Raman measurement, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurement, an anti-Stokes Raman scattering measurement, and a coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) measurement, and wherein wavelength information obtained from a reference beam in connection with the spectroscopic signal is obtained with the detector, and wherein wavelength information obtained from the tissue in connection with the spectroscopic signal is obtained with the same detector; and(c) determining the attribute from the spectroscopic signal and a multivariate model relating spectroscopic signals from Raman scattering and the attribute. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
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Specification