Method and device for accurate dispensing of radioactivity

• US 8,517,905 B2
• Filed: 07/14/2005
• Issued: 08/27/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 07/16/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: University of Zurich
• Original Assignee: University of Zurich
• Inventors: Buck, Alfred, Weber, Bruno
• Primary Examiner(s): LACYK, JOHN P
• Application Number:
  US11/572,123
• Publication Number:
  US 20090131862A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,966 Days
• Field of Search: 600 1- 8
• US Class Current: 600/1
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 51/00 Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/1403 Flushing or purging
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/051 with radiation therapy
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3379 Masses, volumes, levels of fluids in reservoirs, flow rates
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2210/065 Throat; Pharynx
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 39/28 Clamping means for squeezing flexible tubes, e.g. roller clamps tube strippers A61M1/83
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/007 for contrast media
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/1407 Infusion of two or more substances
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/16813 by controlling the degree of opening of the flow line
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/16827 controlling delivery of multiple fluids, e.g. sequencing, mixing or via separate flow-paths infusion of multiple fluids without using a controller A61M5/1407
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/1021 Radioactive fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/1001 using radiation sources introduced into or applied onto the body; brachytherapy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/1075 for testing, calibrating, or quality assurance of the radiation treatment apparatus

Abstract

A device and a method for accurate dispensing of a radioactive liquid are disclosed. A source of a radioactive liquid and a source of a flushing liquid are selectively connected to a fluid delivery path by way of valve means. An activity metering unit is operable to determine a level of radioactivity in a metering section of the fluid delivery path downstream from the valve means. The device is operated by transporting a first amount of radioactive liquid to the metering section, using the activity metering unit to measure a reference level of radioactivity, calculating a second amount of the radioactive liquid still to be delivered such that the first and second amounts of radioactive liquid together have some predetermined level of radioactivity, and delivering the first and second amounts of radioactive liquid to the destination.

Claims

1. A device for dispensing a radioactive liquid to a destination, comprising:

a first valve means;

a fluid delivery path for fluid flow from said first valve means to said destination; and

an activity metering unit operable to determine a level of radioactivity within a metering section of said fluid delivery path, wherein said first valve means is adapted for selectively connecting a radioactive liquid source and a flushing liquid source to said fluid delivery path upstream of said metering section, and

wherein the metering section is capable of holding a volume containing at least two separate amounts of the radioactive liquid.

2. The device according to claim 1, wherein said first valve means is adapted for remote operation and said device further comprises a control unit receiving signals from said activity metering unit and controlling operation of said first valve means between at least the following states:

a state in which said radioactive liquid source is connected to said fluid delivery path; and

a state in which said flushing liquid source is connected to said fluid delivery path.

3. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a second valve means for selectively connecting said fluid delivery path downstream from said metering section to said destination or to a waste reservoir.

4. The device according to claim 1, further comprising a first pump for pumping said radioactive liquid from said radioactive liquid source towards said first valve means, a second pump for pumping a flushing liquid from said flushing liquid source towards said first valve means, or a first pump for pumping radioactive liquid from said radioactive liquid source towards said first valve means and a second pump for pumping said flushing liquid from said flushing liquid source towards said first valve means.

5. The device according to claim 1, wherein said fluid delivery path comprises a fill-in section extending from said first valve means to said metering section, and said metering section is configured to hold a fluid volume which is at least three times the volume of said fill-in section.

6. The device according to claim 1, further including an injection needle connected to the fluid delivery path and adapted to inject liquid into a human or animal body.

7. A method of delivering a radioactive liquid to a destination comprising:

determining a level of radioactivity to be delivered to the destination;

transporting a first amount of said radioactive liquid to said metering section of a fluid delivery path;

with said activity metering unit, measuring a reference level of radioactivity present in said metering section;

from said reference level of radioactivity, calculating a second amount of said radioactive liquid still to be delivered such that first amount and second amount of radioactive liquid together have a predetermined level of radioactivity; and

delivering at least said first amount and said second amount of radioactive liquid to said destination.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein said first amount of radioactive liquid is between 20% and 80% of a sum of the first amount and the second amount of radioactive liquid.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein transporting said first amount of said radioactive liquid comprises:

operating said first valve means to connect said source of radioactive liquid to said fluid delivery path;

allowing said first amount of radioactive liquid to flow from said first valve means into said fluid delivery path;

operating said first valve means to connect a source of flushing liquid to said fluid delivery path; and

allowing a flushing liquid to flow into said fluid delivery path, whereby said first amount of radioactive liquid is moved into said metering section of said fluid delivery path.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein delivering said first amount and said second amount of radioactive liquid comprises:

operating said first valve means to connect said source of radioactive liquid to said fluid delivery path;

allowing said second amount of radioactive liquid to flow from said first valve means into said fluid delivery path;

operating said first valve means to connect a source of flushing liquid to said fluid delivery path; and

allowing a flushing liquid to flow into said fluid delivery path, whereby said first amount and said second amount of radioactive liquid are moved to said destination.

11. The method according to claim 7, further comprising:

before transporting said first amount of radioactive liquid to said metering section, transporting an offset amount of said radioactive liquid to said metering section;

with said activity metering unit, measuring an offset level of radioactivity of said offset amount of said radioactive liquid;

from said offset level of radioactivity and a desired level of radioactivity to be dispensed, calculating said predetermined level of radioactivity; and

delivering said offset amount of radioactive liquid to said destination.

12. The method according to claim 7, wherein said radioactive liquid is a liquid comprising a radiopharmaceutical and wherein said destination is an injection needle for injection of a liquid into a human or animal body.

13. A method of operating a device to deliver a radioactive liquid to a destination, comprising:

determining a predetermined level of radioactivity to be delivered to said destination;

transporting a first amount of radioactive liquid to a metering section of a fluid delivery path for fluid flow to said destination, said metering section having a metering unit in operative connection therewith and being operable to determine a level of radioactivity within the metering section, the first amount of radioactive liquid having a reference level of radioactivity less than the predetermined level of radioactivity;

with said activity metering unit, measuring the reference level of radioactivity present in said metering section;

from said reference level of radioactivity, calculating a second amount of radioactive liquid still to be delivered such that first amount and the second amount of radioactive liquid together have the predetermined level of radioactivity; and

delivering at least said first amount and said second amount of radioactive liquid collectively from said fluid delivery path to said destination.

14. A system for dispensing a radioactive liquid to a destination, comprising:

a first valve adapted for remote operation;

a fluid delivery path for fluid flow from said first valve to said destination;

an activity metering unit operable to determine a level of radioactivity within a metering section of said fluid delivery path, wherein said first valve is adapted for selectively being placed in one of at least two states;

a first state in which a radioactive liquid source is connected to said fluid delivery path upstream of said metering section and a second state in which a flushing liquid source is connected to said fluid delivery path upstream of said metering section; and

a control unit adapted to receive signals from said activity metering unit and control operation of said first valve between the first state and the second state, said control unit being adapted to;

i. place said first valve in the first state to transport a first amount of radioactive liquid through said first valve means, the first amount of radioactive liquid having a level of radioactivity less than a predetermined level of radioactivity input into said control unit;

ii. place said first valve in the second state to transport an amount of flushing liquid through said first valve means to transport said first amount of radioactive liquid to said metering section of said fluid delivery path;

iii. receive a signal from said activity metering unit of a measured reference level of radioactivity present in said metering section;

iv. calculate from said reference level of radioactivity a second amount of radioactive liquid still to be delivered such that said first amount and said second amount of radioactive liquid together have a predetermined level of radioactivity input into said control unit;

v. place said first valve in said first state and transport through said first valve means said second amount of radioactive liquid;

vi. place said first valve in said second state to transport an amount of flushing liquid through said valve means to transport said second amount of radioactive liquid to said metering section of said fluid delivery path while maintaining said first amount of radioactive liquid in said metering section; and

vii place said first valve in said second state and transport through said first valve means a sufficient amount of said flushing fluid to deliver at least said first amount and said second amount of radioactive liquid through said fluid delivery path to said destination.

15. A system for dispensing a radioactive liquid to a destination, comprising:

a source of a radioactive liquid;

a source of a flushing liquid;

a fluid delivery path for fluid flow of radioactive liquid and flushing fluid to said destination, the fluid delivery path including a metering section;

an activity metering unit operable to determine a level of radioactivity within said metering section of said fluid delivery path; and

a control unit adapted to receive signals from said activity metering unit and control flow of said radioactive liquid and said flushing fluid through said fluid delivery path;

said control unit being further adapted to;

i. transport a first amount of radioactive liquid having a level of radioactivity less than a predetermined level of radioactivity to said metering section of said fluid delivery path;

ii. receive a signal from said activity metering unit of a measured reference level of radioactivity present in said metering secretion;

iii. calculate from said reference level of radioactivity a second amount of radioactive liquid still to be delivered such that said first amount and said second amount of radioactive liquid together have a predetermined level of radioactivity input into said control unit;

iv. transport said second amount of radioactive liquid to said metering section of said fluid delivery path while maintaining said first amount of radioactive liquid in said metering section; and

v. transport a sufficient amount of said flushing fluid through said fluid delivery path to deliver at least said first amount and said second amount of radioactive liquid through said fluid delivery path to said destination.

16. A method of delivering a radioactive liquid to a destination, comprising:

determining a level of radioactivity to be delivered to said destination;

transporting a first amount of radioactive liquid having a level of radioactivity less than the determined level of radioactivity to a metering section of a fluid delivery path, said metering section having an activity metering unit in operative connection therewith to measure radioactivity in said metering section;

measuring a reference level of radioactivity present in said metering secretion;

calculating from said reference level of radioactivity a second amount of radioactive liquid still to be delivered such that said first amount and said second amount of radioactive liquid together have the predetermined level of radioactivity;

transporting said second amount of radioactive liquid to said metering section of said fluid delivery path while maintaining said first amount of radioactive liquid in said metering section; and

delivering said first amount and said second amount of radioactive liquid through said fluid delivery path to said destination.

17. A method of delivering a radioactive liquid to a destination, comprising:

determining a level of radioactivity to be delivered to said destination;

estimating a concentration of activity in a source of radioactive liquid;

transporting from said source of radioactive liquid a first amount of radioactive liquid having a level of radioactivity, based upon the estimated concentration of activity, less than the determined level of radioactivity to a metering section of a fluid delivery path, said metering section having an activity metering unit in operative connection therewith to measure radioactivity in said metering section;

measuring a level of radioactivity present in said metering secretion;

based upon the estimated concentration of activity, transporting a second amount of radioactive liquid having a reference level of activity such that the total activity of said first amount and said second amount of radioactive liquid is less than the determined level of radioactivity to said metering section;

measuring a level of radioactivity present in said metering secretion;

based upon the measured level of radioactivity, calculating the concentration of radioactivity in said source of radioactive liquid;

based upon the calculated concentration of activity, transporting a third amount of radioactive liquid having a level of activity such that the total activity of said first amount, said second amount and said third amount of radioactive liquid is the determined level of radioactivity to said metering section; and

delivering said first amount, said second amount and said third amount of radioactive liquid through said fluid delivery path to said destination.

18. A fluid delivery path for use in a fluid delivery system, the fluid delivery path comprising:

a first tubing section for connection to a source of flushing liquid;

a second tubing section for connection to a source of radioactive liquid;

a metering section having a volume capacity adapted to contain at least two volumes of a radioactive liquid to be administered to a patient; and

a connector comprising a first port for connecting the first tubing section, a second port for connecting the second tubing section and a third port for connecting the metering section.

19. The fluid delivery path of claim 18 wherein the metering section forms a metering coil having a diameter of approximately 3.5 cm.

20. The fluid delivery path of claim 19 wherein the metering section comprises a tubing section having an inner diameter of approximately 1.52 mm.

21. The fluid delivery path of claim 20 wherein the metering section is formed into a helical coil of at least 9 windings of the tubing section.

22. The fluid delivery path of claim 18 further including a third tubing section connected to said first tubing section and said second tubing section;

and

a fourth tubing section connected to the metering section.

23. The fluid delivery path set of claim 22 further comprising:

a fifth tubing section in connection with a waste receptacle;

a sixth tubing section adapted to be connected to an injection needle; and

a second connector comprising a first port for connecting the fourth tubing section, a second port for connecting the fifth tubing section and a third port for connecting the sixth tubing section.

24. The fluid delivery path of claim 18 wherein the metering section connects to the third tubing section, and wherein the metering section provides a total volume of at least 3 times the volume of the third tubing section.

25. The fluid delivery path of claim 24 wherein the metering section is configured to minimize pressure losses.