Chemically-sensitive array with active and reference sensors
First Claim
1. An apparatus, comprising:
- an array of chemically sensitive sensors having corresponding chemical sample wells, each sensor in the plurality including a field effect transistor (FET) having a floating gate structure coupled to a corresponding chemical sample well;
at least one reference cell, the reference cell including a FET having a floating gate structure directly coupled to a reference voltage line; and
an output circuit, sensors in the array and the reference cell selectively connectable to the output circuit.
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Abstract
Methods and apparatus relating to very large scale FET arrays for analyte measurements. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes. In one example, chemFET arrays facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH), changes in other analyte concentration, and/or binding events associated with chemical processes relating to DNA synthesis.
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Citations
24 Claims
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1. An apparatus, comprising:
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an array of chemically sensitive sensors having corresponding chemical sample wells, each sensor in the plurality including a field effect transistor (FET) having a floating gate structure coupled to a corresponding chemical sample well; at least one reference cell, the reference cell including a FET having a floating gate structure directly coupled to a reference voltage line; and an output circuit, sensors in the array and the reference cell selectively connectable to the output circuit. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. An apparatus, comprising:
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a sensor array having an active portion of sensors and a reference portion of sensors, sensors in the array each having a field effect transistor (FET) with a floating gate structure, the floating gate structures being directly coupled to a reference voltage line the sensors in the reference portion being reference sensors, and the sensors in the active portion having their floating gate structures coupled to a chemical sample well; and an output circuit selectively connectable to the sensors in the reference portion and to the sensors in the active portion. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
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Specification