Method for producing a color image and imaging device employing same

• US 8,520,023 B2
• Filed: 08/26/2010
• Issued: 08/27/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 09/01/2009
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Entertainment Experience LLC
• Original Assignee: Entertainment Experience LLC
• Inventors: Sullivan, James R., Heckaman, Rodney
• Primary Examiner(s): Caschera, Antonio A
• Application Number:
  US12/869,624
• Publication Number:
  US 20110050695A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,097 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 345/590
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 11/001 Texturing; Colouring; Generation of texture or colour inpainting G06T5/77
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2340/06 Colour space transformation
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2360/144 the light being ambient light
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/02 characterised by the way in which colour is displayed details of colour display specific for CRTs G09G1/28; specific for flat matrix panels other than liquid crystal displays G09G3/2003; specific for liquid crystal displays G09G3/3607
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 5/06 using colour palettes, e.g. look-up tables

Abstract

A method of producing a color image comprising providing input image data from an image source such as a camera; generating an at least three-dimensional look-up table of values of input colors and output colors, wherein the values in the lookup table convert the input image color data to output image color data in an image rendering unit; loading the at least three-dimensional look-up table into an image color rendering controller; loading the input image data into the imaging color rendering controller; processing the input image data through the at least three-dimensional look-up table to produce output color values stored at the addresses in the at least three-dimensional look-up table; and outputting the output color values to the image rendering unit to produce an output image that is perceived to have at least one of enhanced brightness, enhanced contrast, or enhanced colorfulness compared to the input image.

Claims

1. A method of producing a color image, the method comprising:

a. providing input image data;

b. generating an at least three-dimensional look-up table of values of input colors and output colors, wherein the values in the lookup table convert the input image color data to output image color data in an image rendering unit;

c. loading the at least three-dimensional look-up table into an image color rendering controller;

d. loading the input image data into the imaging color rendering controller;

e. processing the input image data through the at least three-dimensional look-up table to produce output color values stored at the addresses in the at least three-dimensional look-up table; and

f. outputting the output color values to the image rendering unit to produce an output image that is perceived to have at least one of enhanced brightness, enhanced contrast, and enhanced colorfulness compared to the input image;

wherein the input image data contains memory colors and non-memory colors, and the method further comprises identifying the memory colors in the input image data to be substantially maintained, characterizing the memory colors and non-memory colors with respect to their chromaticities, and producing an image with substantially maintained memory colors using the image rendering unit.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one of improved viewing quality of brightness, contrast, and colorfulness introduced by the at least three dimensional look-up-table produce a chosen artistic perception in the output image.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the image rendering unit is of an expanded color gamut greater than the color gamut of the input image data, and wherein the output colors to the image rendering unit utilize the expanded color gamut.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the image rendering unit is of a smaller color gamut than the color gamut of the input image data, and wherein the output colors to the image rendering unit utilize the smaller color gamut.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the non-memory colors are changed differently than perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the memory colors.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein perceived colorfulness, brightness and contrast of the non-memory colors are increased more than perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the memory colors.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the at least three-dimensional look-up table includes computing lightness, chroma, and hue for the memory colors using a non-linear enhancement function.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating more than one at least three-dimensional look-up table for the color transformation of the non-memory colors and the memory colors.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating more than one at least three-dimensional look-up table for the color transformation of the non-memory colors and the memory colors, wherein each of the at least three dimensional look-up tables is optimized for a different viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising selecting one of the at least three-dimensional look-up tables for loading into the image color rendering controller based upon the viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising providing a sensor for measuring the ambient light in the viewing environment.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the input image data is of a first color standard, and the method further comprises converting the input image data of the first input color standard into an input color specification for inputting into the three-dimensional look-up table.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table has at least three input colors.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table has at least three output colors.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least three output colors are any combination of primary colors as independent light sources or secondary colors defined as combinations of primary colors.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least three dimensional look-up table is losslessly compressed to reduce storage use in a memory of the image color rendering controller.

17. The method of claim 1, further comprising calibrating the image rendering unit by measuring the color response of the image rendering unit, and then modifying the output image data by one of additional processing after the at least three-dimensional look-up-table or including the required calibration in the at least three-dimensional look-up-table.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the image color rendering controller is contained within the image rendering unit.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein the imaging color rendering controller is external to the image rendering unit.

20. The method of claim 1, wherein an auxiliary imaging device controller is in communication with the image color rendering controller and the image rendering unit.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein the image color rendering controller is in communication with the image rendering unit which is selected from a projector, a television, a computer display, and a game display, the image rendering unit using DMD, plasma, liquid crystal, liquid crystal-on-silicon modulation, or direct modulation of the light source, and using LED, OLED, laser, or lamp light sources.

22. The method of claim 1, wherein the image color rendering controller is in communication with at least one of a cable TV set-top box, a video game console, a personal computer, a computer graphics card, a DVD player, a Blu-ray player, a broadcast station, an antenna, a satellite, a broadcast receiver and processor, and a digital cinema.

23. The method of claim 1, wherein the image rendering unit includes an algorithm for color modification, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to compensate for the color modification performed by the image rendering unit.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the image rendering unit includes an algorithm for creating secondary colors from primary colors, and the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises compensating for the color modification performed by the addition of the secondary colors in the image rendering unit.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to increase perceived color, brightness, and contrast to compensate for the reduction in perceived color, brightness, and contrast caused by the algorithm for color modification in the image rendering unit.

26. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table contains a transformation from a suboptimal viewing environment to an improved viewing environment including the visual adaptation of the human visual system, wherein the image rendering unit is located in the suboptimal viewing environment, and wherein the output image in the image rendering unit is perceived to appear as it would in the improved viewing environment.

27. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table includes the definition of secondary colors, and contains improved lightness, chroma, and hues to increase perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness to compensate for the loss in perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness due to addition of the secondary colors by the image rendering unit.

28. The method of claim 1, wherein the color image is a 3D color image comprised of two 2D stereo images provided simultaneously.

29. A method of producing a color image, the method comprising:

a) providing input image data;

b) generating an at least three-dimensional look-up table of values of input colors and output colors, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table is based upon a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation, and the values in the lookup table convert the input image color data to output image color data in an image rendering unit;

c) loading the at least three-dimensional look-up table into an image color rendering controller;

d) loading the input image data into the imaging color rendering controller;

e) processing the input image data through the at least three-dimensional look-up table to produce output color values stored at the addresses in the at least three-dimensional look-up table; and

f) outputting the output color values to the image rendering unit to produce an output image that is perceived to have at least one of improved viewing quality of brightness, contrast, and colorfulness compared to the input image;

wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to include chromatic adaptation of the human visual system to a specified white point that increases the brightness of the image rendering unit.

30. A method of producing a color image, the method comprising:

a) providing input image data of a first color gamut and an image rendering unit of a second, different color gamut;

b) generating an at least three-dimensional look-up table of values of input colors and output colors, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table is based upon a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation, and the values in the lookup table change the input image data to encompass the second color gamut in the image rendering unit;

c) loading the at least three-dimensional look-up table into an image color rendering controller;

d) loading the input image data into the imaging color rendering controller;

e) processing the input image data through the at least three-dimensional look-up table using the input image data as addresses into the at least three-dimensional look-up table to produce output image data from the output color values stored at the addresses in the at least three-dimensional look-up table; and

f) outputting the output image data to the image rendering unit to produce an output image that is perceived to have at least one of improved viewing quality of brightness, contrast, and colorfulness compared to the input image;

wherein the color image contains memory colors and non-memory colors, and the method comprises identifying the memory colors in the input image data to be substantially maintained, characterizing the memory colors and non-memory colors with respect to their chromaticities, and producing an image with substantially maintained memory colors using the image rendering unit.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein the at least one of improved viewing quality of brightness, contrast, and colorfulness introduced by the at least three dimensional look-up-table produce a chosen artistic perception in the output image.

32. The method of claim 30, wherein the image rendering unit is of an expanded color gamut greater than the color gamut of the input image data, and wherein the output colors to the image rendering unit utilize the expanded color gamut.

33. The method of claim 30, wherein the image rendering unit is of a smaller color gamut than the color gamut of the input image data, and wherein the output colors to the image rendering unit utilize the smaller color gamut.

34. The method of claim 30, wherein perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the non-memory colors are changed differently than perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the memory colors.

35. The method of claim 30, wherein perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the non-memory colors are increased more than perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the memory colors.

36. The method of claim 30, wherein generating the at least three-dimensional look-up table includes computing enhanced lightness, chroma, and hue for the memory colors using a non-linear enhancement function.

37. The method of claim 30, further comprising generating more than one at least three-dimensional look-up table for the color transformation of the non-memory colors and the memory colors.

38. The method of claim 30, further comprising generating more than one at least three-dimensional look-up table for the color transformation of the non-memory colors and the memory colors, wherein each of the at least three dimensional look-up tables is optimized for a different viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

39. The method of claim 38, further comprising selecting one of the at least three-dimensional look-up tables for loading into the image color rendering controller based upon the viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

40. The method of claim 39, further comprising providing a sensor for measuring the ambient light in the viewing environment.

41. The method of claim 30, further comprising converting the input image data of a first input color standard into an input color specification for inputting into the three-dimensional look-up table.

42. The method of claim 30, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table has at least three input colors.

43. The method of claim 30, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table has at least three output colors.

44. The method of claim 43, wherein the at least three output colors are any combination of primary colors as independent light sources or secondary colors defined as combinations of primary colors.

45. The method of claim 30, wherein the at least three dimensional look-up table is losslessly compressed to reduce storage use in a memory of the image color rendering controller.

46. The method of claim 30, further comprising calibrating the image rendering unit by measuring the color response of the image rendering unit, and then modifying the output image data by one of additional processing after the at least three-dimensional look-up-table or including the required calibration in the at least three-dimensional look-up-table.

47. The method of claim 30, wherein the image color rendering controller is contained within the image rendering unit.

48. The method of claim 30, wherein the imaging color rendering controller is external to the image rendering unit.

49. The method of claim 30, wherein an auxiliary imaging device controller is in communication with the image color rendering controller and the image rendering unit.

50. The method of claim 30, wherein the image color rendering controller is in communication with the image rendering unit selected from a projector, a television, a computer display, and a game display, the image rendering unit using DMD, plasma, liquid crystal, liquid crystal-on-silicon modulation, or direct modulation of the light source, and using LED, OLED, laser, or lamp light sources.

51. The method of claim 30, wherein the image color rendering controller is in communication with at least one of a cable TV set-top box, a video game console, a personal computer, a computer graphics card, a DVD player, a Blu-ray player, a broadcast station, an antenna, a satellite, a broadcast receiver and processor, and a digital cinema.

52. The method of claim 30, wherein the image rendering unit includes an algorithm for color modification, and wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to compensate for the color modification performed by the image rendering unit.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein the image rendering unit includes an algorithm for creating secondary colors from primary colors, and the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises compensating for the color modification performed by the addition of the secondary colors in the image rendering unit.

54. The method of claim 52, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to increase perceived color, brightness, and contrast to compensate for the reduction in perceived color, brightness, and contrast caused by the algorithm for color modification in the image rendering unit.

55. The method of claim 30, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table contains a transformation from a suboptimal viewing environment to an improved viewing environment including the visual adaptation of the human visual system, wherein the image rendering unit is located in the suboptimal viewing environment, and wherein the output image in the image rendering unit is perceived to appear as it would in the improved viewing environment.

56. The method of claim 30, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table includes the definition of secondary colors, and contains improved lightness, chroma, and hues to increase perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness to compensate for the loss in perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness due to addition of the secondary colors by the image rendering unit.

57. The method of claim 30, wherein the color image is a 3D color image comprised of two 2D stereo images provided simultaneously.

58. A method of producing a color image, the method comprising:

a) providing input image data of a first color gamut and an image rendering unit of a second, different color gamut;

b) generating an at least three-dimensional look-up table of values of input colors and output colors, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table is based upon a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation, and the values in the lookup table change the input image data to encompass the second color gamut in the image rendering unit;

c) loading the at least three-dimensional look-up table into an image color rendering controller;

d) loading the input image data into the imaging color rendering controller;

e) processing the input image data through the at least three-dimensional look-up table using the input image data as addresses into the at least three-dimensional look-up table to produce output image data from the output color values stored at the addresses in the at least three-dimensional look-up table; and

f) outputting the output image data to the image rendering unit to produce an output image that is perceived to have at least one of improved viewing quality of brightness, contrast, and colorfulness compared to the input image;

wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to include chromatic adaptation of the human visual system to a specified white point that increases the brightness of the image rendering unit.

59. A method of producing a color image by an image rendering unit, the method comprising:

a) generating an at least three-dimensional look-up table of values of input colors and output colors, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table is based upon a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation, and the table contains a transformation from a suboptimal viewing environment to an improved viewing environment;

b) loading the at least three-dimensional look-up table into an image color rendering controller;

c) loading input image data into the image color rendering controller;

d) processing the input image data through the at least three-dimensional look-up table using the input image data as addresses into the at least three-dimensional look-up table to produce output image data from the output color values stored at the addresses in the at least three-dimensional look-up table;

e) outputting the output image data to the image rendering unit located in the suboptimal viewing environment; and

f) producing an output image in the image rendering unit that is perceived to appear as it would in the improved viewing environment;

wherein the color image contains memory colors and non-memory colors, and the method comprises identifying the memory colors in the input image data to be substantially maintained, characterizing the memory colors and non-memory colors with respect to their chromaticities, and producing an image with substantially maintained memory colors using the image rendering unit.

60. The method of claim 59, wherein the output image data outputted to the image rendering unit produces a chosen artistic perception in the output image.

61. The method of claim 59, wherein the image rendering unit is of an expanded color gamut greater than the color gamut of the input image data, and wherein the output colors to the image rendering unit utilize the expanded color gamut.

62. The method of claim 59, wherein the image rendering unit is of a smaller color gamut than the color gamut of the input image data, and wherein the output colors to the image rendering unit utilize the smaller color gamut.

63. The method of claim 59, wherein perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the non-memory colors are changed differently than perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the memory colors.

64. The method of claim 59, wherein perceived colorfulness, brightness and contrast of the non-memory colors are increased more than perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the memory colors.

65. The method of claim 59, wherein generating the at least three-dimensional look-up table includes computing enhanced lightness, chroma, and hue for the memory colors using a non-linear enhancement function.

66. The method of claim 59, further comprising generating more than one at least three-dimensional look-up table for the color transformation of the non-memory colors and the memory colors.

67. The method of claim 59, further comprising generating more than one at least three-dimensional look-up table for the color transformation of the non-memory colors and the memory colors, wherein each of the at least three dimensional look-up tables is optimized for a different viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

68. The method of claim 67, further comprising selecting one of the at least three-dimensional look-up tables for loading into the imaging device controller based upon the viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

69. The method of claim 68, further comprising providing a sensor for measuring the ambient light in the viewing environment.

70. The method of claim 59, further comprising converting the input image data of an first input color standard into an input color specification for inputting into the three-dimensional look-up table.

71. The method of claim 59, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table has three or more input colors.

72. The method of claim 59, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table has three or more output colors.

73. The method of claim 72, wherein the three or more output colors are any combination of primary colors as independent light sources or secondary colors defined as combinations of primary colors.

74. The method of claim 73, wherein the at least three dimensional look-up table is losslessly compressed to reduce storage use in a memory of the image color rendering controller.

75. The method of claim 59, further comprising calibrating the image rendering unit by measuring the color response of the image rendering unit, and then modifying the output image data by one of additional processing after the at least three-dimensional look-up-table or including the required calibration in the at least three-dimensional look-up-table.

76. The method of claim 59, wherein the image color rendering controller is contained within the image rendering unit.

77. The method of claim 59, wherein the image color rendering controller is external to the image rendering unit.

78. The method of claim 59, wherein an auxiliary imaging device controller is in communication with the image color rendering controller and the image rendering unit.

79. The method of claim 59, wherein the image color rendering controller is in communication with the image rendering unit selected from a projector, a television, a computer display, and a game display, the image rendering unit using DMD, plasma, liquid crystal, liquid crystal-on-silicon modulation, or direct modulation of the light source, and using LED, OLED, laser, or lamp light sources.

80. The method of claim 59, wherein the image color rendering controller is in communication with at least one of a cable TV set-top box, a video game console, a personal computer, a computer graphics card, a DVD player, a Blu-ray player, a broadcast station, an antenna, a satellite, a broadcast receiver and processor, and a digital cinema.

81. The method of claim 59, wherein the image rendering unit includes an algorithm for color modification, and wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to compensate for the color modification performed by the image rendering unit.

82. The method of claim 81, wherein the image rendering unit includes an algorithm for creating secondary colors from primary colors, and the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises compensating for the color modification performed by the addition of the secondary colors in the image rendering unit.

83. The method of claim 81, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to increase perceived color, brightness, and contrast to compensate for the reduction in perceived color, brightness, and contrast caused by the algorithm for color modification in the image rendering unit.

84. The method of claim 59, wherein the input image data is of a first color gamut and the image rendering unit is of a second, expanded color gamut;

and wherein the values in the lookup table expand the input image data to encompass the second color gamut of the image rendering unit.

85. The method of claim 59, wherein the input image data is of a first color gamut and the image rendering unit is of a second, reduced color gamut;

and wherein the values in the lookup table reduce the input image data to encompass the second color gamut of the image rendering unit.

86. The method of claim 59, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table includes the definition of secondary colors, and contains improved lightness, chroma, and hues to increase perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness to compensate for the loss in perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness due to addition of the secondary colors by the image rendering unit.

87. The method of claim 59, wherein the color image is a 3D color image comprised of two 2D stereo images provided simultaneously.

88. A method of producing a color image by an image rendering unit, the method comprising:

a) generating an at least three-dimensional look-up table of values of input colors and output colors, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table is based upon a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation, and the table contains a transformation from a suboptimal viewing environment to an improved viewing environment;

b) loading the at least three-dimensional look-up table into an image color rendering controller;

c) loading input image data into the image color rendering controller;

d) processing the input image data through the at least three-dimensional look-up table using the input image data as addresses into the at least three-dimensional look-up table to produce output image data from the output color values stored at the addresses in the at least three-dimensional look-up table;

e) outputting the output image data to the image rendering unit located in the suboptimal viewing environment; and

f) producing an output image in the image rendering unit that is perceived to appear as it would in the improved viewing environment;

wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to include chromatic adaptation of the human visual system to a specified white point that increases the brightness of the image rendering unit.

89. A method of producing a color image, the method comprising:

a) generating an at least three-dimensional look-up table of values of input colors and output colors, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table is based upon a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation, and contains the definition of one of secondary colors and more than three primary colors;

b) loading the at least three-dimensional look-up table into an image color rendering controller;

c) loading input image data into the image color rendering controller;

d) processing the input image data through the at least three-dimensional look-up table using the input image data as addresses into the at least three-dimensional look-up table to produce output image data from the output color values stored at the addresses in the at least three-dimensional look-up table;

e) outputting the output image data to an image rendering unit; and

f) producing an output image in the image rendering unit that is perceived to have at least one of improved viewing quality of brightness, contrast, and colorfulness compared to the input image;

wherein the color image contains memory colors and non-memory colors, and the method comprises identifying the memory colors in the input image data to be substantially maintained, characterizing the memory colors and non-memory colors with respect to their chromaticities, and producing an image with substantially maintained memory colors using the image rendering unit.

90. The method of claim 89, wherein the at least one of improved viewing quality of brightness, contrast, and colorfulness introduced by the at least three dimensional look-up-table produce a chosen artistic perception in the output image.

91. The method of claim 89, wherein the image rendering unit is of an expanded color gamut greater than the color gamut of the input image data, and wherein the output colors to the image rendering unit utilize the expanded color gamut.

92. The method of claim 89, wherein the image rendering unit is of a smaller color gamut than the color gamut of the input image data, and wherein the output colors to the image rendering unit utilize the smaller color gamut.

93. The method of claim 89, wherein perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the non-memory colors are changed differently than perceived colorfulness, brightness and contrast of the memory colors.

94. The method of claim 89, wherein perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the non-memory colors are increased more than perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the memory colors.

95. The method of claim 89, wherein generating the at least three-dimensional look-up table includes computing the enhanced lightness, chroma, and hue for the memory colors using a non-linear enhancement function.

96. The method of claim 89, further comprising generating more than one at least three-dimensional look-up table for the color transformation of the non-memory colors and the memory colors.

97. The method of claim 89, further comprising generating more than one at least three-dimensional look-up table for the color transformation of the non-memory colors and the memory colors, wherein each of the at least three dimensional look-up tables is optimized for a different viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

98. The method of claim 97, further comprising selecting one of the at least three-dimensional look-up tables for loading into the image color rendering controller based upon the viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

99. The method of claim 97, further comprising providing a sensor for measuring the ambient light in the viewing environment.

100. The method of claim 89, further comprising converting the input image data of a first input color standard into an input color specification for inputting into the three-dimensional look-up table.

101. The method of claim 89, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table has three or more input colors.

102. The method of claim 89, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table has three or more output colors.

103. The method of claim 102, wherein the three or more output colors are any combination of primary colors as independent light sources or secondary colors defined as combinations of primary colors.

104. The method of claim 89, wherein the at least three dimensional look-up table is losslessly compressed to reduce storage use in a memory of the image color rendering controller.

105. The method of claim 89, further comprising calibrating the image rendering unit by measuring the color response of the image rendering unit, and then modifying the output image data by one of additional processing after the at least three-dimensional look-up-table or including the required calibration in the at least three-dimensional look-up-table.

106. The method of claim 89, wherein the image color rendering controller is contained within the image rendering unit.

107. The method of claim 89, wherein the image color rendering controller is external to the image rendering unit.

108. The method of claim 89, wherein an auxiliary imaging device controller is in communication with the image color rendering controller the image rendering unit.

109. The method of claim 89, wherein the image color rendering controller is in communication with the image rendering unit selected from a projector, a television, a computer display, and a game display, the image rendering unit using DMD, plasma, liquid crystal, liquid crystal-on-silicon modulation, or direct modulation of the light source, and using LED, OLED, laser, or lamp light sources.

110. The method of claim 89, wherein the image color rendering controller is in communication with at least one of a cable TV set-top box, a video game console, a personal computer, a computer graphics card, a DVD player, a Blu-ray player, a broadcast station, an antenna, a satellite, a broadcast receiver and processor, and a digital cinema.

111. The method of claim 89, wherein the image rendering unit includes an algorithm for color modification, and wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to compensate for the color modification performed by the image rendering unit.

112. The method of claim 111, wherein the image rendering unit includes an algorithm for creating secondary colors from primary colors, and the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises compensating for the color modification performed by the addition of the secondary colors in the image rendering unit.

113. The method of claim 111, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to increase perceived color, brightness, and contrast to compensate for the reduction in perceived color, brightness, and contrast caused by the algorithm for color modification in the image rendering unit.

114. The method of claim 89, wherein the input image data is of a first color gamut and the image rendering unit is of a second, expanded color gamut;

and wherein the values in the lookup table expand the input image data to encompass the second color gamut of the image rendering unit.

115. The method of claim 89, wherein the input image data is of a first color gamut and the image rendering unit is of a second, reduced color gamut;

and wherein the values in the lookup table reduce the input image data to encompass the second color gamut of the image rendering unit.

116. The method of claim 89, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table contains a transformation from a suboptimal viewing environment to an improved viewing environment including the visual adaptation of the human visual system, wherein the image rendering unit is located in the suboptimal viewing environment, and wherein the output image in the image rendering unit is perceived to appear as it would in the improved viewing environment.

117. The method of claim 89, wherein the three-dimensional look-up table has the one of secondary colors and more than three primary colors explicitly defined and wherein measured responses of the image rendering unit are used to define the three-dimensional look-up table.

118. The method of claim 89, wherein the three-dimensional look-up table has the one of secondary colors and more than three primary colors explicitly defined and wherein mathematics provided by a manufacturer of the image rendering unit are used to define the three-dimensional look-up table.

119. The method of claim 89, wherein the three-dimensional look-up table has the one of secondary colors and more than three primary colors explicitly defined and wherein there is provided an open definition of how the one of secondary colors and more than three primary colors are used.

120. The method of claim 89, wherein the three-dimensional look-up table has the one of secondary colors and more than three primary colors implied in the design of a three in by three out look-up table for two conditions, and wherein measured responses of the image rendering unit are used to define the three-dimensional look-up table.

121. The method of claim 89, wherein the three-dimensional look-up table has the one of secondary colors and more than three primary colors implied in the design of a three in by three out look-up table for two conditions, and wherein mathematics provided by a manufacturer of the image rendering unit are used to define the three-dimensional look-up table.

122. The method of claim 89, wherein the three-dimensional look-up table has the one of secondary colors and more than three primary colors implied in the design of a three in by three out look-up table for two conditions, and wherein there is provided an open definition of how the secondary colors or more than three primary colors are used.

123. The method of claim 89, wherein the color image is a 3D color image comprised of two 2D stereo images provided simultaneously.

124. A method of producing a color image, the method comprising:

a) generating an at least three-dimensional look-up table of values of input colors and output colors, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table is based upon a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation, and contains the definition of one of secondary colors and more than three primary colors;

b) loading the at least three-dimensional look-up table into an image color rendering controller;

c) loading input image data into the image color rendering controller;

d) processing the input image data through the at least three-dimensional look-up table using the input image data as addresses into the at least three-dimensional look-up table to produce output image data from the output color values stored at the addresses in the at least three-dimensional look-up table;

e) outputting the output image data to an image rendering unit; and

f) producing an output image in the image rendering unit that is perceived to have at least one of improved viewing quality of brightness, contrast, and colorfulness compared to the input image;

wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to include chromatic adaptation of the human visual system to a specified white point that increases the brightness of the image rendering unit.

125. A computer implemented method of producing a color image, the method comprising:

a) providing input image data to the computer;

b) using an at least three dimensional lookup table of values of input colors and output colors in the computer to convert input image color data to output image color data, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table is based upon a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation, and is used to determine the output colors in the at least three dimensional lookup table; and

c) communicating the output image color data from the computer to an image rendering unit and displaying the color image on the image rendering unit;

wherein the color image is perceived to have at least one of improved viewing quality of brightness, contrast, and colorfulness compared to the input image, and wherein input image data used to produce the image contains memory colors and non-memory colors, and the method comprises identifying the memory colors in the input image data to be substantially maintained, characterizing the memory colors and non-memory colors with respect to their chromaticities, and producing an image with substantially maintained memory colors using the image rendering unit.

126. The method of claim 125, further comprising preserving memory colors of the image.

127. The method of claim 125, further comprising performing empirical visual studies to determine the preference of colorfulness, contrast, or brightness on the ethnicities of the human observers, and defining the perceived quality of the image for each nationality of human observers.

128. The method of claim 127, further comprising adjusting the colorfulness, contrast, or brightness of the image based upon one of the ethnicities of the human observers.

129. The method of claim 125, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table is used to adjust the colorfulness, contrast, or brightness of the image to match the enhanced appearance of analog film systems or digital systems designed for cinemas.

130. The method of claim 125, further comprising adjusting the colorfulness, contrast, or brightness of the image to produce a chosen artistic perception in the image.

131. The method of claim 125, wherein the image rendering unit is of an expanded color gamut greater than the color gamut of input image data used to produce the image, and wherein the output colors to the image rendering unit utilize the expanded color gamut.

132. The method of claim 125, wherein the image rendering unit is of a reduced color gamut smaller than the color gamut of input image data used to produce the image and wherein the output colors to the image rendering unit utilize the reduced color gamut.

133. The method of claim 125, wherein perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the non-memory colors are changed differently than perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the memory colors.

134. The method of claim 125, wherein perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the non-memory colors are increased more than perceived colorfulness, brightness, and contrast of the memory colors.

135. The method of claim 125, wherein the method includes generating the at least three-dimensional look-up table including computing enhanced lightness, chroma, and hue for the memory colors using a non-linear enhancement function.

136. The method of claim 125, further comprising generating more than one at least three-dimensional look-up table for the color transformation of the non-memory colors and the memory colors.

137. The method of claim 125, further comprising generating more than one at least three-dimensional look-up table for the color transformation of the non-memory colors and the memory colors, wherein each of the at least three dimensional look-up tables is optimized for a different viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

138. The method of claim 137, further comprising selecting one of the at least three-dimensional look-up tables for loading into an image color rendering controller based upon the viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

139. The method of claim 138, further comprising providing a sensor for measuring the ambient light in the viewing environment.

140. The method of claim 125, wherein input image data used to produce the image is of a first color standard, and the method further comprises converting the input image data of the first input color standard into an input color specification for inputting into the at least three-dimensional look-up table.

141. The method of claim 125, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table includes values of at least three input colors and values of output colors.

142. The method of claim 125, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table includes values of input colors and values of at least three output colors.

143. The method of claim 142, wherein the at least three output colors are any combination of primary colors as independent light sources or secondary colors defined as combinations of primary colors.

144. The method of claim 125, wherein the at least three dimensional look-up table is losslessly compressed to reduce storage use in a memory of the image color rendering controller.

145. The method of claim 125, further comprising calibrating the image rendering unit by measuring the color response of the image rendering unit, and then modifying output image data by one of additional processing after the at least three-dimensional look-up-table or including the required calibration in the at least three-dimensional look-up-table.

146. The method of claim 125, wherein an image color rendering controller is provided within the image rendering unit.

147. The method of claim 125, wherein an imaging color rendering controller is provided external to the image rendering unit.

148. The method of claim 125, wherein an auxiliary imaging device controller is in communication with an image color rendering controller and the image rendering unit.

149. The method of claim 125, wherein an image color rendering controller is in communication with the image rendering unit selected from a projector, a television, a computer display, and a game display, the image rendering unit using DMD, plasma, liquid crystal, liquid crystal-on-silicon modulation, or direct modulation of the light source, and using LED, OLED, laser, or lamp light sources.

150. The method of claim 125, wherein an image color rendering controller is in communication with at least one of a cable TV set-top box, a video game console, a personal computer, a computer graphics card, a DVD player, a Blu-ray player, a broadcast station, an antenna, a satellite, a broadcast receiver and processor, and a digital cinema.

151. The method of claim 125, wherein the image rendering unit includes an algorithm for color modification, and wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to compensate for the color modification performed by the image rendering unit.

152. The method of claim 151, wherein the image rendering unit includes an algorithm for creating secondary colors from primary colors, and the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises compensating for the color modification performed by the addition of the secondary colors in the image rendering unit.

153. The method of claim 151, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table is provided comprising processing the input image data to increase perceived color, brightness, and contrast to compensate for the reduction in perceived color, brightness, and contrast caused by the algorithm for color modification in the image rendering unit.

154. The method of claim 125, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table contains a transformation from a suboptimal viewing environment to an improved viewing environment including the visual adaptation of the human visual system, wherein the image rendering unit is located in the suboptimal viewing environment, and wherein the color image in the image rendering unit is perceived to appear as it would in the improved viewing environment.

155. The method of claim 125, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table includes the definition of secondary colors, and contains improved lightness, chroma, and hues to increase perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness to compensate for the loss in perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness due to addition of the secondary colors by the image rendering unit.

156. The method of claim 125, wherein the color image is a 3D color image comprised of two 2D stereo images provided simultaneously.

157. A computer implemented method of producing a color image, the method comprising:

a) providing input image data to the computer;

b) using an at least three dimensional lookup table of values of input colors and output colors in the computer to convert input image color data to output image color data, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table is based upon a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation, and is used to determine the output colors in the at least three dimensional lookup table; and

c) communicating the output image color data from the computer to an image rendering unit and displaying the color image on the image rendering unit;

wherein the color image is perceived to have at least one of improved viewing quality of brightness, contrast, and colorfulness compared to the input image, and wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table further comprises processing the input image data to include chromatic adaptation of the human visual system to a specified white point that increases the brightness of the image rendering unit.

158. A device for producing a color image, the device comprising a computer comprising a central processing unit and a memory in communication through a system bus, wherein the memory contains a set of at least three dimensional lookup table of values of input colors and output colors defined using a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation, wherein the values in the lookup tables convert input image color data to output image color data while maintaining memory colors in the color image, in an image rendering unit that is connectable to the device, and wherein each one of the set of at least three dimensional lookup tables is optimized for a different viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

159. The device of claim 158, further comprising the image rendering unit in communication with the computer, the image rendering unit selected from a projector, a television, a computer display, and a game display, the image rendering unit using DMD, plasma, liquid crystal, liquid crystal-on-silicon modulation, or direct modulation of the light source, and using LED, OLED, laser, or lamp light sources.

160. The device of claim 159, further comprising an auxiliary imaging device including at least one of a cable TV set-top box, a video game console, a personal computer, a computer graphics card, a DVD player, and a Blu-ray player, a broadcast station, an antenna, a satellite, a broadcast receiver and processor, and a digital cinema.

161. The device of claim 160, further comprising one of a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, and a DMD projector in communication with the auxiliary device.

162. The device of claim 158, further comprising a communication link to a source of input image data.

163. The device of claim 158, wherein the algorithm to produce the at least three dimensional lookup table is contained in the memory.

164. The device of claim 158, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table includes the definition of secondary colors, and contains improved lightness, chroma, and hues to increase perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness to compensate for the loss in perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness due to addition of the secondary colors by the image rendering unit.

165. The device of claim 158, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table contains a transformation from a suboptimal viewing environment to an optimal viewing environment including the visual and chromatic adaptation of the human visual system, wherein the image rendering unit is located in the suboptimal viewing environment, and wherein an output image in the image rendering unit is perceived to appear as it would in the improved viewing environment.

166. The device of claim 158, further comprising a sensor for measuring the ambient light in the viewing environment.

167. The device of claim 158, wherein the color image is a 3D color image comprised of two 2D stereo images provided simultaneously.

168. A device for producing a color image, the device comprising a computer comprising a central processing unit and a memory in communication through a system bus, wherein the memory contains a set of at least three dimensional lookup tables of values of input colors and output colors defined using a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation, wherein the values in the lookup table convert a first color gamut of an input image data set to encompass a second different color gamut of an image rendering unit that is connectable to the device, and wherein memory colors are maintained in the converting the first color gamut, and wherein each one of the set of at least three dimensional lookup tables is optimized for a different viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

169. The device of claim 168, wherein the color gamut of the image rendering unit is larger than the first color gamut.

170. The device of claim 168, wherein the color gamut of the image rendering unit is smaller than the first color gamut.

171. The device of claim 168, further comprising the image rendering unit in communication with the computer, the image rendering unit selected from a projector, a television, a computer display, and a game display, the image rendering unit using DMD, plasma, liquid crystal, liquid crystal-on-silicon modulation, or direct modulation of the light source, and using LED, OLED, laser, or lamp light sources.

172. The device of claim 171, further comprising an auxiliary imaging device including at least one of a cable TV set-top box, a video game console, a personal computer, a computer graphics card, a DVD player, and a Blu-ray player, a broadcast station, an antenna, a satellite, a broadcast receiver and processor, and a digital cinema.

173. The device of claim 172, further comprising one of a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, and a DMD projector in communication with the auxiliary device.

174. The device of claim 168, further comprising a communication link to a source of input image data.

175. The device of claim 168, wherein the algorithm to produce the at least three dimensional lookup table is contained in the memory.

176. The device of claim 168, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table includes the definition of secondary colors, and contains improved lightness, chroma, and hues to increase perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness to compensate for the loss in perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness due to addition of the secondary colors by the image rendering unit.

177. The device of claim 168, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table contains a transformation from a suboptimal viewing environment to an improved viewing environment including the visual and chromatic adaptation of the human visual system, wherein the image rendering unit is located in the suboptimal viewing environment, and wherein an output image in the image rendering unit is perceived to appear as it would in the improved viewing environment.

178. The device of claim 168, further comprising a sensor for measuring the ambient light in the viewing environment.

179. The device of claim 168, wherein the color image is a 3D color image comprised of two 2D stereo images provided simultaneously.

180. A device for producing a color image, the device comprising a computer comprising a central processing unit and a memory in communication through a system bus, wherein the memory contains a set of at least three dimensional lookup tables containing a transformation from a suboptimal viewing environment to an improved viewing environment including the visual and chromatic adaptation of the human visual system defined using a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation, and wherein memory colors are maintained in the color image, and wherein each one of the set of at least three dimensional lookup tables is optimized for a different viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

181. The device of claim 180, further comprising an image rendering unit in communication with the computer, the image rendering unit selected from a projector, a television, a computer display, and a game display, the image rendering unit using DMD, plasma, liquid crystal, liquid crystal-on-silicon modulation, or direct modulation of the light source, and using LED, OLED, laser, or lamp light sources.

182. The device of claim 181, further comprising an auxiliary imaging device including at least one of a cable TV set-top box, a video game console, a personal computer, a computer graphics card, a DVD player, and a Blu-ray player, a broadcast station, an antenna, a satellite, a broadcast receiver and processor, and a digital cinema.

183. The device of claim 182, further comprising one of a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, and a DMD projector in communication with the auxiliary device.

184. The device of claim 180, further comprising a communication link to a source of input image data.

185. The device of claim 180, wherein the algorithm to produce the at least three dimensional lookup table is contained in the memory.

186. The device of claim 180, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table includes the definition of secondary colors, and contains improved lightness, chroma, and hues to increase perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness to compensate for the loss in perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness due to addition of the secondary colors by the image rendering unit.

187. The device of claim 180, further comprising a sensor for measuring the ambient light in the viewing environment.

188. The device of claim 180, wherein the color image is a 3D color image comprised of two 2D stereo images provided simultaneously.

189. A device for producing a color image, the device comprising a computer comprising a central processing unit and a memory in communication through a system bus, wherein the memory contains a set of at least three dimensional lookup tables defined using a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation and containing the definition of secondary colors, and enhanced lightness, chroma, and hues to increase perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness to compensate for the loss in perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness due to addition of secondary colors by an image rendering unit that is connectable to the device, wherein memory colors are maintained in the color image, and wherein each one of the set of at least three dimensional lookup tables is optimized for a different viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

190. The device of claim 189, further comprising the image rendering unit in communication with the computer, the image rendering unit selected from a projector, a television, a computer display, and a game display, the image rendering unit using DMD, plasma, liquid crystal, liquid crystal-on-silicon modulation, or direct modulation of the light source, and using LED, OLED, laser, or lamp light sources.

191. The device of claim 190, further comprising an auxiliary imaging device including at least one of a cable TV set-top box, a video game console, a personal computer, a computer graphics card, a DVD player, and a Blu-ray player, a broadcast station, an antenna, a satellite, a broadcast receiver and processor, and a digital cinema.

192. The device of claim 191, further comprising one of a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, and a DMD projector in communication with the auxiliary device.

193. The device of claim 189, further comprising a communication link to a source of input image data.

194. The device of claim 189, wherein the algorithm to produce the at least three dimensional lookup table is contained in the memory.

195. The device of claim 189, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table contains a transformation from a suboptimal viewing environment to an improved viewing environment including the visual and chromatic adaptation of the human visual system, wherein the image rendering unit is located in the suboptimal viewing environment, and wherein an output image in the image rendering unit is perceived to appear as it would in the improved viewing environment.

196. The device of claim 189, further comprising a sensor for measuring the ambient light in the viewing environment.

197. The device of claim 189, wherein the color image is a 3D color image comprised of two 2D stereo images provided simultaneously.

198. A device for producing a color image perceived by human observers observing the image on an image rendering unit, the device comprising a computer comprising a central processing unit and a memory in communication through a system bus, wherein the memory contains a model of human visual system perceptual adaptation to enhance the perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness of the image, wherein memory colors are maintained in the color image, and wherein the memory contains a set of at least three dimensional lookup tables, each one of the set containing values of input colors and output colors, and each one of the set optimized for a different viewing environment of the image rendering unit.

199. The device of claim 198, further comprising the image rendering unit in communication with the computer, the image rendering unit selected from a projector, a television, a computer display, and a game display, the image rendering unit using DMD, plasma, liquid crystal, liquid crystal-on-silicon modulation, or direct modulation of the light source, and using LED, OLED, laser, or lamp light sources.

200. The device of claim 199, further comprising an auxiliary imaging device including at least one of a cable TV set-top box, a video game console, a personal computer, a computer graphics card, a DVD player, and a Blu-ray player, a broadcast station, an antenna, a satellite, a broadcast receiver and processor, and a digital cinema.

201. The device of claim 200, further comprising one of a liquid crystal display, a plasma display, and a DMD projector in communication with the auxiliary device.

202. The device of claim 198, further comprising a communication link to a source of input image data.

203. The device of claim 198, wherein the algorithm to produce the at least three dimensional lookup table is contained in the memory.

204. The device of claim 198, wherein the at least three-dimensional look-up table contains a transformation from a suboptimal viewing environment to an improved viewing environment including the visual and chromatic adaptation of the human visual system, wherein the image rendering unit is located in the suboptimal viewing environment, and wherein an output image in the image rendering unit is perceived to appear as it would in the improved viewing environment.

205. The device of claim 198, further comprising a sensor for measuring the ambient light in the viewing environment.

206. The device of claim 198, further comprising the image rendering unit in communication with the computer, wherein the values in the lookup table convert a first color gamut of an input image data set to encompass a second expanded color gamut of the image rendering unit.

207. The device of claim 198, further comprising the image rendering unit in communication with the computer, wherein the values in the lookup table convert a first color gamut of an input image data set to encompass a second reduced color gamut of the image rendering unit.

208. The device of claim 198, further comprising the image rendering unit in communication with the computer, wherein the at least three dimensional lookup table contains the definition of secondary colors, and improved lightness, chroma, and hues to increase perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness to compensate for the loss in perceived colorfulness, contrast, or brightness due to the addition of secondary colors by the image rendering unit.

209. The device of claim 198, wherein the color image is a 3D color image comprised of two 2D stereo images provided simultaneously.