Adjustable resonant buck converter

• US 8,520,413 B2
• Filed: 08/17/2011
• Issued: 08/27/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 08/17/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: MKS Instruments Incorporated
• Original Assignee: MKS Instruments Incorporated
• Inventors: Tran, Ken, Tian, Feng, Lee, Franklin, Zhang, Wangbo
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhane, Adolf
• Assistant Examiner(s): Jackson, Lakaisha
• Application Number:
  US13/211,892
• Publication Number:
  US 20130043854A1
• Time in Patent Office: 741 Days
• Field of Search: 323/222, 323/265, 323/271, 323/282, 323/287, 323/351, 363/21.02, 363/21.03, 363/39, 363/123
• US Class Current: 363/21.03
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0019 the disturbance parameters being load current fluctuations
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0022 the disturbance parameters being input voltage fluctuations
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/155 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A power converter includes first and second circuit modules, a first capacitor, a second diode and a control module. The first circuit module includes a switching element in parallel with a first diode. The second circuit module includes a first inductor and the first circuit module. The inductor is in series with the first circuit module. The first capacitor is in parallel with the second circuit module. The second diode includes a first terminal and a second terminal, where the first terminal is in series with the second circuit module and the first capacitor, and the second terminal is coupled to a second power terminal. The control module varies one or more of the first capacitor and the first inductor based on at least one of a current of a load circuit or an input voltage. A resonating waveform is generated by a resonant circuit of the second circuit and is used by the control module to turn off the switching element under zero-current and zero-voltage conditions.

Claims

1. A power converter comprising:

a first circuit module including a switching element in parallel with a first diode;

a second circuit module including a first inductor and the first circuit module, the first inductor being in series with the first circuit module, the second circuit module including a first terminal coupled to a first power terminal;

a first capacitor in parallel with the second circuit module, the first capacitor including a first terminal coupled to the first terminal of the second circuit module and a second terminal coupled to a second terminal of the second circuit module, wherein the first capacitor is a variable capacitor, the first inductor is a variable inductor, or both the first capacitor and first inductor are variable;

a second diode including a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal in series with the second circuit module and the first capacitor, the second terminal coupled to a second power terminal; and

a control module for varying one or more of the first capacitor and the first inductor based on at least one of a current of a load circuit or an input voltage, wherein a resonating waveform generated by a resonant circuit of the second circuit is used by the control module to turn off the switching element under zero-current and zero-voltage conditions.

2. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the first terminal of the second circuit module comprises a terminal of the first inductor and the second terminal of the second circuit module comprises a terminal of the first circuit module.

3. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the first terminal of the second circuit module comprises a terminal of the first circuit module and the second terminal of the second circuit module comprises a terminal of the first inductor.

4. The power converter of claim 1 further comprising a second capacitor in parallel with the first capacitor.

5. The power converter of claim 4 wherein the control module is adapted to disconnect at least one of the first or second capacitors to adjust the resonant capacitance.

6. The power converter of claim 1 further comprising a second inductor in parallel with the first inductor.

7. The power converter of claim 6 wherein the control module is adapted to disconnect at least one of the first or second inductors to adjust the resonant inductance.

8. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the control module is adapted to increase the resonant capacitance, decrease the resonant inductance, or increase the resonant capacitance and decrease the resonant inductance if a current of the load circuit is high and the input voltage is low.

9. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the control module is adapted to decrease the resonant capacitance, increase the resonant inductance, or decrease the resonant capacitance and increase the resonant inductance if a current of the load circuit is low and the input voltage is high.

10. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the switching element comprises a transistor.

11. The power converter of claim 10 wherein the first diode is anti-parallel in polarity with the transistor.

12. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the second diode is connected in parallel with the load circuit.

13. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the first and second power terminals are connected to a DC power source that generates the input voltage.

14. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the ratio of the resonant inductance to the resonant capacitance is less than square of the ratio of the input voltage to the current of the load circuit.

15. The power converter of claim 1 wherein the control module'"'"'s control of the switching element is not based on pulse-width modulation, pulse-frequency modulation, constant on-time control, or constant off-time control.

16. A control module for a power converter comprising:

a first terminal for controlling a switching element, the switching element in parallel with a first diode defining a first circuit module;

a second terminal for controlling a plurality of parallel inductors, the plurality of parallel inductors in series with the first circuit module, the first circuit module and the plurality of parallel inductors defining a second circuit module, the second circuit module including a first terminal coupled to a first power terminal and a second terminal coupled to a second diode; and

a third terminal for controlling a plurality of parallel capacitors, each of the plurality of capacitors including a terminal coupled to the first terminal of the second circuit module and a second terminal coupled to the second terminal of the second circuit module,

wherein the control module is adapted to vary the plurality of capacitors and the plurality of inductors based on at least one of a current of a load circuit or an input voltage, and to turn off the switching element under zero-current and zero-voltage conditions by adjusting a resonating waveform generated by a resonant circuit that is formed by the plurality of capacitors and the plurality of inductors.

17. The control module of claim 16 wherein the control module is adapted to adjust resonant capacitance and resonant inductance of the resonant circuit such that the ratio of the resonant inductance to the resonant capacitance is less than square of the ratio of an input voltage to a current of a load circuit.

18. The control module of claim 16 wherein the control module is adapted to disconnect at least one of the plurality of capacitors to adjust resonant capacitance of the resonant circuit.

19. The control module of claim 16 wherein the control module is adapted to disconnect at least one of the plurality of inductors to adjust resonant inductance of the resonant circuit.

20. The control module of claim 16 wherein the control module is adapted to turn on the switching element under zero-current conditions.

21. The control module of claim 16 wherein the control module is adapted to turn on or off the switching element such that the switching element'"'"'s on time, off time, or a combination thereof, is variable in a period of operation.