Optical data transformation

• US 8,525,995 B2
• Filed: 06/16/2010
• Issued: 09/03/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 12/09/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Incorporated (Halliburton Company)
• Original Assignee: Halliburton Energy Services Incorporated (Halliburton Company)
• Inventors: Jones, Christopher M., Elrod, Louis W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Geisel, Kara E
• Application Number:
  US12/816,641
• Publication Number:
  US 20100245096A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,175 Days
• Field of Search: 356/300, 356/402
• US Class Current: 356/402
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 47/114 using light radiation
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 49/08 Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/15 Preventing contamination of the components of the optical system or obstruction of the light path
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/27 using photo-electric detection G01N21/31 takes precedence; circuits for computing concentration logarithmic circuits G06G7/24; photometric circuits in general G01J
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/3577 for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/359 using near infrared light
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/552 Attenuated total reflection
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/85 Investigating moving fluids or granular solids
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 33/2823 Raw oil, drilling fluid or polyphasic mixtures
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 436/21 Hydrocarbon

Abstract

Apparatus, systems, and methods may operate to receive interacted energy at an optical calculation device attached to a down hole housing to be deployed in a down hole environment. Further activities may include optically compressing data carried by the interacted energy into at least one orthogonal component, using the optical calculation device, sending a signal associated with the at least one orthogonal component to a remote surface computer, and determining a property of petroleum located in the down hole environment using the remote surface computer, based on the signal. The optical calculation device may comprise a multivariate optical element (MOE). Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Claims

1. An apparatus, comprising:

a housing having a cavity and attachable adjacent to an external surface of a down hole pipe having an internal fluid-flow region;

an optical calculation device located at least partially within the housing cavity, the optical calculation device including;

a light source;

an internal reflectance element configured to receive light from the light source and allow the light to interact with a fluid in the internal fluid-flow region to produce interacted energy; and

at least one multivariate optical element to receive the interacted energy and to optically compress data carried by the interacted energy into at least one orthogonal component;

a detector to generate an electrical intensity output signal responsive to the at least one orthogonal component, the signal associated with a value corresponding to a property of the fluid in the internal fluid-flow region; and

a wire or telemetry apparatus to transmit the signal to a remote surface computer.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical calculation device comprises at least one interference filter.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical calculation device is to optically compress the data according to a product of the data and a preselected regression vector.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the detector comprises:

one of a detector to detect energy reflected from the optical calculation device or a detector to detect energy transmitted by the optical calculation device.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

at least one internal standard; and

optical cable to route calibration energy from the at least one internal standard to the optical calculation device.

18. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

a turbulence generator couplable to the down hole pipe at a location upstream from the housing; and

a cleaning arrangement couplable to the down hole pipe and configured for cleaning a surface of the internal reflectance element.

6. A system, comprising:

a down hole housing arranged to be attached adjacent to an external surface of a pipe, located in a down hole environment, having an internal fluid-flow region;

a source of incident energy attached to the down hole housing;

an optical calculation device attached to the down hole housing, the optical calculation device including;

an internal reflectance element configured to receive incident energy from the source and allow the incident energy to repetitively interact with petroleum in the internal fluid-flow region to produce interacted energy; and

at least one multivariate optical element to receive the interacted energy, resulting from interaction between the incident energy and the petroleum, and to optically compress data carried by the interacted energy into at least one orthogonal component; and

a detector to generate an electrical intensity output signal responsive to the at least one orthogonal component, the signal associated with a value corresponding to a property of the petroleum.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the down hole housing comprises:

a pressure-compensating housing for a down hole tool.

8. The system of claim 6, further comprising:

a remote alarm indicator comprising an audio indicator or a display, the alarm indicator responsive to the signal.

9. The system of claim 6, further comprising:

a remote surface computer to receive the signal and to determine the property of the petroleum based on the signal and another signal derived from at least one standard.

10. A method, comprising:

receiving incident energy at an internal reflectance element, located at least partially within a cavity of a housing coupled adjacent to an external surface of a down hole pipe;

allowing the incident energy to repetitively interact with petroleum located in the down hole pipe to produce interacted energy;

receiving the interacted energy, from the internal reflectance element, at an optical calculation device located within the housing cavity and including at least one multivariate optical element;

optically compressing data carried by the interacted energy into at least one orthogonal component, using the optical calculation device;

sending a signal associated with the at least one orthogonal component to a remote surface computer; and

determining a property of the petroleum using the remote surface computer, based on the signal.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

generating first and second signals representing respective transmitted and reflected light from the optical calculation device, wherein the signal comprises at least one of the first and the second signals.

12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

introducing turbulent flow into the petroleum.

13. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

calibrating the signal according to an internal standard carried in the housing.

14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

monitoring a flow stream including the petroleum.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein the receiving comprises:

receiving the interacted energy at the optical calculation device comprising more than one multivariate optical element.

16. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

determining multiple properties of the petroleum located in the down hole environment using the remote surface computer, based on multiple signals, including the signal, provided by corresponding multiple detectors and multiple optical calculation devices having structures based on the multiple properties, the multiple optical calculation devices including the optical calculation device.

17. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

determining existence of an unknown adverse component affecting the signal using the remote surface computer, based on multiple signals, including the signal, associated with corresponding multiple optical calculation devices, including the optical calculation device.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein determining multiple properties of the petroleum includes determining at least two properties selected from the group consisting essentially of:

asphaltene, saturates, resins, aromatics, solid particulate content, hydrocarbon composition and content, gas composition C1-C6 and content, CO₂, H₂S and correlated PVT properties including gas-oil ratio, bubble point, density, a formation factor, viscosity, a gas component of a gas phase of petroleum, total stream percentage of water, gas, oil, solid particles, solid types, oil finger printing, reservoir continuity, oil type, and water elements, and wherein the water elements consist essentially of;

ion composition and content, anions, cations, salinity, organics, pH, mixing ratios, tracer components, and contamination.