System and method for image segmentation in generating computer models of a joint to undergo arthroplasty

• US 8,532,361 B2
• Filed: 01/25/2012
• Issued: 09/10/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 04/30/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Howmedica Osteonics Corp. (Stryker Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Otismed Corporation (Stryker Corporation)
• Inventors: Pavlovskaia, Elena, Mishin, Oleg, Shpungin, Boris E.
• Primary Examiner(s): FULLER, RODNEY EVAN
• Application Number:
  US13/374,960
• Publication Number:
  US 20120192401A1
• Time in Patent Office: 594 Days
• Field of Search: 382/131
• US Class Current: 382/131
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/155 Cutting femur
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/157 Cutting tibia
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1675 for the knee
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1703 using imaging means, e.g. by X-rays
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/7013 the shape of the element being adjustable before use adjustable length plates A61B17/7014
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/1602 Mills
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/105 Modelling of the patient, e.g. for ligaments or bones
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/107 Visualisation of planned trajectories or target regions
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/108 Computer aided selection or customisation of medical implants or cutting guides
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/374 NMR or MRI
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/3762 using computed tomography systems [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/10 Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/055 involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 90/37 Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 10/00 Processes of additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 50/00 Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 50/02 for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 80/00 Products made by additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 30/00 Computer-aided design [CAD]
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 30/20 : Design optimisation, verification or simulation optimisation, verification or simulation of circuit designs G06F30/30
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/00 : Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 17/20 : Finite element generation, e.g. wire-frame surface description, tesselation
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2200/08 : involving all processing steps from image acquisition to 3D model generation
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/30008 : Bone
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/0012 : Biomedical image inspection
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/12 : Edge-based segmentation
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/13 : Edge detection
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/70 : Determining position or orientation of objects or cameras camera calibration G06T7/80
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/46 : Descriptors for shape, contour or point-related descriptors, e.g. scale invariant feature transform [SIFT] or bags of words [BoW]; Salient regional features colour feature extraction G06V10/56
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/471 : using approximation functions
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 2201/033 : of skeletal patterns
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 50/50 : for simulation or modelling of medical disorders
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49826 : Assembling or joining

Abstract

A custom arthroplasty guide and a method of manufacturing such a guide are disclosed herein. The method of manufacturing the custom arthroplasty guide includes: a) generating medical imaging slices of the portion of the patient bone; b) identifying landmarks on bone boundaries in the medical imaging slices; c) providing model data including image data associated with a bone other than the patient bone; d) adjusting the model data to match the landmarks; e) using the adjusted model data to generate a three dimensional computer model of the portion of the patient bone; f) using the three dimensional computer model to generate design data associated with the custom arthroplasty guide; and g) using the design data in manufacturing the custom arthroplasty guide.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a custom arthroplasty guide, the guide including a mating region configured to matingly receive a portion of a patient bone associated with an arthroplasty procedure for which the custom arthroplasty guide is to be employed, the mating region including a surface contour that is generally a negative of a surface contour of the portion of the patient bone, the surface contour of the mating region being configured to mate with the surface contour of the portion of the patient bone in a generally matching or interdigitating manner when the portion of the patient bone is matingly received by the mating region, the method of manufacture comprising:

a) using a medical imaging system to obtain first data, wherein the first data is associated with the portion of the patient bone;

b) providing second data, wherein the second data is associated with a bone other than the patient bone;

c) employing a computer to use the first data to modify the second data into third data;

d) employing the computer to use the third data to generate a three dimensional computer model of the portion of the patient bone;

e) employing the computer to use the three dimensional computer model to generate design data associated with the custom arthroplasty guide; and

f) using the design data in manufacturing the custom arthroplasty guide.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first data includes medical imaging slices of the portion of the patient bone.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second data includes image data associated with the bone other than the patient bone.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein employing the computer to use the first data to modify the second data into third data comprises:

identifying landmarks on bone boundaries in medical imaging slices that are part of the first data; and

using the landmarks to adjust model data that is part of the second data.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the medical imaging system is at least one of a CT machine or a MRI machine.

6. The method claim 1, wherein the second data includes a computer model of a bone that is the same type of bone as the patient bone, but representative of what is generally considered to be generally normal with respect to the bone type for at least one of size, condition, shape, weight, age, height, race, gender, or diagnosed disease condition.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second data includes a geometrical representation of an exemplary bone that is not the patient bone but is the same bone type as the patient bone and is representative of what is considered to be generally normal with respect to the bone type for at least one of size, condition, shape, weight, age, height, race, gender or diagnosed disease condition.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the employing a computer to use the first data to modify the second data into third data comprises:

identifying landmarks on bone boundaries in medical imaging slices that are part of the first data; and

using the landmarks to adjust the geometrical representation of the exemplary bone to match the landmarks.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the adjusted geometrical representation is at least part of the third data.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the geometrical representation includes at least one of a golden femur mesh or a golden tibia mesh.

11. A method of manufacturing a custom arthroplasty guide, the guide including a mating region configured to matingly receive a portion of a patient bone associated with an arthroplasty procedure for which the custom arthroplasty guide is to be employed, the mating region including a surface contour that is generally a negative of a surface contour of the portion of the patient bone, the surface contour of the mating region being configured to mate with the surface contour of the portion of the patient bone in a generally matching or interdigitating manner when the portion of the patient bone is matingly received by the mating region, the method of manufacture comprising:

a) identifying landmarks in medical imaging data associated with the portion of the patient bone;

b) providing a golden mesh that is geometrically representative of an exemplary bone that is not the patient bone but is the same bone type as the patient bone and is further representative of what is considered to be generally normal with respect to a characteristic of the bone type for at least one of size, condition, shape, weight, age, height, race, gender or diagnosed disease condition;

c) deforming the golden mesh to match the landmarks;

d) employing a computer to generate segmentation curves from the deformed golden mesh;

e) approximating the segmentation curves with spline curves;

f) modifying the spline curves to match the landmarks;

g) employing the computer to use the modified spline curves to generate design data; and

h) using the design data in manufacturing the custom arthroplasty guide.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the golden mesh is at least one of a golden femur mesh or golden tibia mesh.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the medical imaging data is from at least one of a CT machine or MRI machine.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein modifying the spline curves to match the landmarks includes computing a distance of a selected spline curve to a selected landmark and then determining a closest arc of the selected spline curve to the selected landmark followed by modify the closest arc to include the selected landmark, resulting in a modified spline curve.

15. The method of claim 14, further including determining if distances of landmarks other than the selected landmark have increased with respect to the modified spline curve.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, if the distances of the landmarks other than the selected landmark have increased with respect to the modified spline curve, then disregard the modified spline curve and select a point in the closest arc that is closest to the selected landmark and insert a spline vertex at the selected point and adjust the closet arc to fit the selected spline curve and move the selected point to the selected landmark.