Method of estimating the non-measurable characteristics of an electrochemical system
First Claim
1. A method of estimating an internal state of a rechargeable electrochemical system comprising :
- measuring at least one input signal of at least one parameter representative of a physical quantity of the rechargeable electrochemical system;
providing a computer-based reference model of the system for calculating variations over time of internal electrochemical variables of the rechargeable electrochemical system including a mathematical representation of kinetics of electrochemical reactions occurring at interfaces between electrodes and an electrolyte which account for interface concentrations, an electrical representation of spatial accumulation of charges at the electrodes, a balance of charges in the electrodes and in the electrolyte, a material balance in the electrodes and the electrolyte distinguishing between an interface concentration and a local concentration for active species and an energy balance of the system for calculating a temperature of the rechargeable electrochemical system; and
generating at least one output signal derived from the calculating the variations over time of the internal electrochemical variables of the rechargeable electrochemical system; and
whereina reduced model is derived from the reference model by replacing the local concentration by a mean concentration for the active species of the electrochemical system.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method of estimating the internal state of an electrochemical system using mathematical models which allow management of an electrochemical battery during operation, and notably estimation of the characteristics of the battery that are not directly measurable. For applications relating to hybrid and electric vehicles, the most significant internal characteristics are the state of charge (SoC), the state of health (SoH) and the thermal state. Reconstruction of the internal characteristics is achieved using mathematical models of the battery. The method can be used synchronously with the operation of the battery itself (real time) with a reduced or off-line mathematical model, for calibration, optimization or validation of management and estimation strategies. The method is useful for battery sizing, which has to be optimized according to the energy and thermal management strategies.
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Citations
15 Claims
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1. A method of estimating an internal state of a rechargeable electrochemical system comprising :
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measuring at least one input signal of at least one parameter representative of a physical quantity of the rechargeable electrochemical system; providing a computer-based reference model of the system for calculating variations over time of internal electrochemical variables of the rechargeable electrochemical system including a mathematical representation of kinetics of electrochemical reactions occurring at interfaces between electrodes and an electrolyte which account for interface concentrations, an electrical representation of spatial accumulation of charges at the electrodes, a balance of charges in the electrodes and in the electrolyte, a material balance in the electrodes and the electrolyte distinguishing between an interface concentration and a local concentration for active species and an energy balance of the system for calculating a temperature of the rechargeable electrochemical system; and generating at least one output signal derived from the calculating the variations over time of the internal electrochemical variables of the rechargeable electrochemical system; and
whereina reduced model is derived from the reference model by replacing the local concentration by a mean concentration for the active species of the electrochemical system. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A battery simulator comprising:
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an input means for receiving an input of at least one measured parameter representative of a physical quantity of a battery; and a processing means including at least one processor for generating at least one output characteristic calculated by measuring at least one input signal of at least one parameter representative of a physical quantity of the rechargeable electrochemical system, providing a computer-based reference model of the system for calculating variations over time of internal electrochemical variables of the rechargeable electrochemical system including a mathematical representation of kinetics of electrochemical reactions occurring at interfaces between electrodes and an electrolyte which account for interface concentrations, an electrical representation of spatial accumulation of charges at the electrodes, a balance of charges in the electrodes and in the electrolyte distinguishing between an interface concentration and a local concentration for active species, a material balance in each electrode and the electrolyte, and an energy balance of the system for calculating a temperature of the rechargeable electrochemical system and generating at least one output signal derived from the calculating variations over time of the interval electrochemical variables of the rechargeable electrochemical system; and
whereina reduced model is derived from the reference model by replacing the local concentration by a mean concentration for the active species of the electrochemical system. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15)
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Specification