Extraction of embedded watermarks from a host content based on extrapolation techniques

• US 8,533,481 B2
• Filed: 11/03/2011
• Issued: 09/10/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 11/03/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: IP Acquisitions, LLC
• Original Assignee: Verance Corporation
• Inventors: Petrovic, Rade, Atti, Venkatraman
• Primary Examiner(s): PYZOCHA, MICHAEL J
• Application Number:
  US13/288,958
• Publication Number:
  US 20130117571A1
• Time in Patent Office: 677 Days
• Field of Search: 713/176
• US Class Current: 713/176
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 21/10 Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material protection in video systems or pay television H04N7/16 ; Digital rights management [DRM]
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 21/16 Program or content traceability, e.g. by watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0071 using multiple or alternating watermarks
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0065 Extraction of an embedded watermark; Reliable detection
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2209/608 Watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/00 Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols

Abstract

Methods, devices and computer program products facilitate the extraction of embedded watermarks in the presence of content distortions. Subsequent to the detection of a tentative watermark, particular sections of the content are examined to form one or more extrapolated watermarks or watermark segments. Weights are assigned to the extrapolated watermarks or watermark segments, and used in combination with the detected tentative watermark to collectively assess if a desired probability of false detection is satisfied.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

extracting a tentative watermark from an embedded host content, the tentative watermark representing a candidate watermark with an associated probability of false watermark detection that exceeds a desired probability of false watermark detection;

forming one or more extrapolated watermarks by obtaining symbols of potential watermark frames that are positioned within the embedded host content at a predefined location relative to the extracted tentative watermark; and

determining if the extrapolated watermarks, when collectively assessed with the detected tentative watermark, satisfy a desired probability of false watermark detection.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the symbols of the potential watermark frames are positioned within the embedded host content at predefined temporal and/or spatial locations relative to the extracted tentative watermark.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining comprises:

determining a number of erroneous symbols in one or more of the extrapolated watermarks;

assigning weights to the one or more of the extrapolated watermarks based, at least in-part, on the determined number of erroneous symbols; and

determining if the weighted extrapolated watermark(s), when combined with the detected tentative watermark, satisfy the desired probability of false watermark detection.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the number of erroneous symbols in each extrapolated watermark is determined by one or more of:

a comparison of the extrapolated watermark symbols to symbols of the extracted tentative watermark;

performing an error correction code decoding of the extrapolated watermark symbols; and

a comparison of the extrapolated watermarks to one or more pre-distorted watermark templates.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein:

forming the extrapolated watermarks comprises obtaining symbols of the potential watermark frame on a segment-by-segment basis, wherein each segment comprises two of more watermark symbols; and

the determining comprises;

obtaining a number of erroneous symbols in one or more segments;

assigning weights to each of the one or more segments based, at least in-part, on the number of erroneous symbols in each of the one or more segments;

combining the assigned weights associated with the one or more segments to produce one or more weighted extrapolated watermark sections; and

determining if the weighted extrapolated watermark sections, when combined with the detected tentative watermark, satisfy the desired probability of false watermark detection.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein obtaining the number of erroneous symbols in each of the one or more segments comprises:

comparing the symbols of the potential watermark frame in each of the one or more segments to one or more pre-distorted watermark templates; and

producing a count for each of the one or more segments representative of a number of mismatched symbols between the symbols of the potential watermark frame in the one or more segments and the one or more pre-distorted watermark templates.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein a number of segments within the extrapolated watermark(s) is determined based on one or more of:

an extent of the extracted tentative watermark;

an amount of distortion present in the embedded host content; and

a type of distortion present in the embedded host content.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the weight to a particular segment is assigned, at least in-part, based on an expected weight of an un-watermarked segment equal in length to the particular segment.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the desired probability of false watermark detection corresponds to detection of a conclusive watermark.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising reporting an estimate of amount and type of distortion, or combination of distortions, present in the embedded host content.

11. The method of claim 5, wherein an extent of each segment is determined based, at least in-part, on one or more of:

an amount of distortion expected to be present in the embedded host content; and

a type of distortion expected to be present in the embedded host content.

12. The method of claim 5, wherein the determining is carried out for the one or more segments that collectively span a smaller extent than the tentative watermark.

13. A device, comprising

an extractor implemented at least partially in hardware and configured to extract a tentative watermark from an embedded host content, the tentative watermark representing a candidate watermark with an associated probability of false watermark detection that exceeds a desired probability of false watermark detection;

a watermark extrapolator implemented at least partially in hardware and configured to form one or more extrapolated watermarks by obtaining symbols of potential watermark frames that are positioned within the embedded host content at a predefined location relative to the extracted tentative watermark; and

an evaluator implemented at least partially in hardware and configured to determine if the extrapolated watermarks, when collectively assessed with the detected tentative watermark, satisfy a desired probability of false watermark detection.

14. The device of claim 13, wherein the watermark extrapolator is configured to obtain the symbols of the potential watermark frames from positions within the embedded host content that are at predefined temporal and/or spatial locations relative to the extracted tentative watermark.

15. The device of claim 13, wherein the evaluator is configured to:

determine a number of erroneous symbols in one or more of the extrapolated watermarks;

assign weights to the one or more of the extrapolated watermarks based, at least in-part, on the determined number of erroneous symbols; and

determine if the weighted extrapolated watermark(s), when combined with the detected tentative watermark, satisfy the desired probability of false watermark detection.

16. The device of claim 15, wherein the number of erroneous symbols in each extrapolated watermark is determined by one or more of:

a comparison of the extrapolated watermark symbols to symbols of the extracted tentative watermark;

performing an error correction code decoding of the extrapolated watermark symbols; and

a comparison of the extrapolated watermarks to one or more pre-distorted watermark templates.

17. The device of claim 13, wherein:

the watermark extrapolator configured to form the extrapolated watermarks by, at least in-part, obtaining symbols of the potential watermark frame on a segment-by-segment basis, wherein each segment comprises two of more watermark symbols; and

evaluator is configured to;

obtain a number of erroneous symbols in one or more segments;

assign weights to each of the one or more segments based, at least in-part, on the number of erroneous symbols in each of the one or more segments;

combine the assigned weights associated with the one or more segments to produce one or more weighted extrapolated watermark sections; and

determine if the weighted extrapolated watermark sections, when combined with the detected tentative watermark, satisfy the desired probability of false watermark detection.

18. The device of claim 17, wherein the evaluator is configured to obtain the number of erroneous symbols in each of the one or more segments, at least in-part, by:

comparing the symbols of the potential watermark frame in each of the one or more segments to one or more pre-distorted watermark templates; and

producing a count for each of the one or more segments representative of a number of mismatched symbols between the symbols of the potential watermark frame in the one or more segments and the one or more pre-distorted watermark templates.

19. The device of claim 17, wherein a number of segments within the extrapolated watermark(s) is selected based on one or more of:

an extent of the extracted tentative watermark;

an amount of distortion present in the embedded host content; and

a type of distortion present in the embedded host content.

20. The device of claim 17, wherein the evaluator is configured to assign the weight to a particular segment, at least in-part, based on an expected weight of an un-watermarked segment equal in length to the particular segment.

21. The device of claim 13, wherein the desired probability of false watermark detection corresponds to detection of a conclusive watermark.

22. The device of claim 13, wherein the evaluator is configured to report an estimate of amount and type of distortion, or combination of distortions, present in the embedded host content.

23. The device of claim 17, wherein an extent of each segment is determined based, at least in-part, on one or more of:

an amount of distortion expected to be present in the embedded host content; and

a type of distortion expected to be present in the embedded host content.

24. The device of claim 17, wherein the evaluator is configured to determine if the weighted extrapolated watermark sections, when combined with the detected tentative watermark, satisfy the desired probability of false watermark detection based on the one or more segments that collectively span a smaller extent than the tentative watermark.

25. A device, comprising:

a processor; and

a memory comprising processor executable code, the processor executable code, when executed by the processor, configures the device to;

extract a tentative watermark from an embedded host content, the tentative watermark representing a candidate watermark with an associated probability of false watermark detection that exceeds a desired probability of false watermark detection;

form one or more extrapolated watermarks by obtaining symbols of potential watermark frames that are positioned within the embedded host content at a predefined location relative to the extracted tentative watermark; and

determine if the extrapolated watermarks, when collectively assessed with the detected tentative watermark, satisfy a desired probability of false watermark detection.

26. A computer program product, embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, comprising:

program code for extracting a tentative watermark from an embedded host content, the tentative watermark representing a candidate watermark with an associated probability of false watermark detection that exceeds a desired probability of false watermark detection;

program code for forming one or more extrapolated watermarks by obtaining symbols of potential watermark frames that are positioned within the embedded host content at a predefined location relative to the extracted tentative watermark; and

program code for determining if the extrapolated watermarks, when collectively assessed with the detected tentative watermark, satisfy a desired probability of false watermark detection.

27. A method comprising:

extracting a potential watermark frame from a content embedded with one or more watermarks, each embedded watermark comprising a plurality of symbols that form a watermark frame;

dividing the watermark frame into a plurality of segments, wherein each of the plurality of segments comprises two of more watermark symbols;

assigning weights to each segment;

combining the assigned weights associated with two or more segments to produce one or more weighted partial or full watermark frames; and

determining if the one or more weighted full or partial watermark frames satisfy a desired probability of false watermark detection.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein dividing the watermark frame into the plurality of segments comprises selecting an extent of each segment in accordance with a likelihood of a burst error being present in the content, the burst error contaminating a plurality of consecutive watermark symbols.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the weight to a particular segment is assigned, at least in-part, based on expected weight of an un-watermarked segment equal in length to the particular segment.

30. A device, comprising:

an extractor implemented at least partially in hardware and configured to extract a potential watermark frame from a content embedded with one or more watermarks, each embedded watermark comprising a plurality of symbols that form a watermark frame; and

an evaluator implemented at least partially in hardware and configured to;

divide the watermark frame into a plurality of segments, wherein each of the plurality of segments comprises two of more watermark symbols;

assign weights to each segment;

combine the assigned weights associated with two or more segments to produce one or more weighted partial or full watermark frames; and

determine if the one or more weighted full or partial watermark frames satisfy a desired probability of false watermark detection.

31. The device of claim 30, wherein the evaluator is configured to select an extent of each segment in accordance with a likelihood of a burst error being present in the content, the burst error contaminating a plurality of consecutive watermark symbols.

32. The device of claim 30, wherein the evaluator is configured to assign the weight to a particular segment, at least in-part, based on expected weight of an un-watermarked segment equal in length to the particular segment.