Self-organizing extensible distributed sensor array architecture

• US 8,536,988 B2
• Filed: 09/21/2010
• Issued: 09/17/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 05/20/2010
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Raytheon BBN Technologies Corp. (Rtx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Raytheon BBN Technologies Corp. (Rtx Corporation)
• Inventors: Ritter, Scott Evan
• Primary Examiner(s): HUNNINGS, TRAVIS R
• Application Number:
  US12/887,346
• Publication Number:
  US 20110285516A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,092 Days
• Field of Search: 340/286.02, 370/276
• US Class Current: 340/286.02
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/04 adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user

Abstract

This invention relates to methods and systems for providing data from a distributed array. In one aspect, the array is a sensor array that includes sensor nodes that are each associated with one or more sensors, and the data includes sensor data acquired from the sensors by the sensor nodes. The sensor array employs modular and interchangeable sensor nodes that are capable of self-organizing in response to a network disruption while maintaining a flow of synchronized data to the event monitor. This self-organizing characteristic enables the overall network of nodes to be self-healing and easily extensible. The improved fault resilience makes it possible to deploy the sensors without requiring complex monitoring or fault diagnosis. Embodiments of the invention can be employed in any number of applications, including without limitation, tunnel activity detection, seismic/acoustic monitoring/detection and other applications where gathering sensor data may be desired.

Claims

1. A sensor array comprising:

a master node;

a first sensor node configured to transmit a data packet including first sensor data from a first sensor cluster associated with the first sensor node; and

a second sensor node located between the master node and the first sensor node, the second sensor node configured to;

(a) sample second sensor data from a second sensor cluster associated with the second sensor node,

(b) receive the data packet from the first sensor node,

(c) augment the data packet with the second sensor data to obtain an augmented data packet, and

(d) transmit the augmented data packet to the master node or to a third sensor node located in closer proximity to the master node than the first and second sensor nodes.

2. The sensor array of claim 1 wherein the first sensor node is a terminal sensor node that is configured to transmit the data packet in response to receiving a control packet originated by the master node.

3. The sensor array of claim 2, wherein the second sensor node is configured to dynamically assume a role as the terminal sensor node in the sensor array if the second sensor node detects a time-out while waiting for the data packet from the first sensor node.

4. The sensor array of claim 2, wherein the first sensor node is configured to dynamically relinquish the role of the terminal sensor node if the first sensor node receives a data packet from any other sensor node.

5. The sensor array of claim 1, wherein the master node, the first sensor node, and the second sensor node are coupled in a daisy-chain configuration via a full-duplex communications channel.

6. The sensor array of claim 5, wherein the full-duplex communication channel comprises a single wired communication channel for transmitting (1) control packets from the master node and (2) data packets to the master node.

7. The sensor array of claim 1, wherein the master node, the first sensor node, and the second sensor node are coupled in a daisy-chain configuration via a half-duplex communications channel.

8. The sensor array of claim 1, wherein sampling the second sensor data comprises initiating sampling of the second sensor data in response to receiving a prior control packet.

9. The sensor array of claim 1, wherein sampling the second sensor data comprises initiating sampling of the second sensor data in response to receiving a prior data packet.

10. The sensor array of claim 1, wherein the first sensor node is configured to transmit the data packet only in response to receiving the control packet.

11. The sensor array of claim 1, wherein augmenting the data packet comprises inserting the second sensor data in the data packet at an offset location that corresponds to an indexed location of the second sensor node in the sensor array.

12. The sensor array of claim 1, wherein the second sensor node is configured to autonomously assign an identifier for the second sensor node by incrementing a counter included in a control packet originated by the master node.

13. The sensor array of claim 1, wherein the master node is in communication with a host processor, the master node being configured to receive commands from the host processor and to provide data from the augmented data packet to the host processor.

14. An array of nodes in a network, the array comprising:

a terminal node configured to transmit data in a first data packet only in response to receiving a control packet; and

a first node configured to transmit data in a second data packet in response to receiving the first data packet originated by the terminal node,

wherein the first node is further configured to automatically detect that the terminal node is severed from the network and to automatically assume a role of the terminal node.

15. The array of claim 14, wherein the nodes comprise sensor nodes and the data comprise sensor data acquired by the sensor nodes.

16. The array of claim 14, wherein the second data packet includes at least a portion of data received in the first data packet.

17. The array of claim 14, wherein the terminal node is configured to automatically relinquish the role of the terminal node in response to detecting that another distal node has assumed the role of the terminal node.

18. The array of claim 17, wherein detecting that another distal node has assumed the role of the terminal node comprises transmitting a control packet on a distal communication port of the terminal node and receiving a data packet in response to the control packet.

19. The array of claim 14, wherein the first node is configured to automatically detect that the terminal node is severed from the network in response to detecting a time-out while waiting for a data packet.

20. A node comprising a processor configured to:

prepare, in response to receiving a first data packet or a first control packet, data for transmission during a subsequent cycle;

generate an augmented data packet that includes the data for transmission and data from a second data packet if the second data packet is received at the node within a predefined time period;

generate a new data packet that includes the data for transmission if the second data packet is not received within the predefined time period; and

transmit the augmented data packet or the new data packet during the subsequent cycle.

21. The node of claim 20, wherein the node comprises a sensor node and the data for transmission comprises sensor data.

22. The node of claim 20, wherein the second data packet comprises a plurality of indexed slots, each corresponding to a unique node, and wherein generating the augmented data packet comprises inserting the data for transmission into a corresponding indexed slot for the node.

23. The node of claim 20, wherein the predefined time period is determined by an internal clock counter in the node using an interval between prior control or data packets received by the node.

24. The node of claim 20, further comprising:

one or more sensors configured to provide the data for transmission;

an internal clock for generating a sample clock for transmitting the data for transmission; and

control logic for monitoring the timing between data packets.

25. The node of claim 24, wherein the node is located in an array of nodes, and wherein the control logic causes the node to designate itself as a terminal node in the array if the second data packet is not received by the node within the predefined period of time.

26. The node of claim 24, comprising:

a master communications channel transceiver MCCT configured to receive control packets and transmit data packets comprising the data for transmission; and

a distal communications channel transceiver DCCT configured to transmit control packets and receive data packets;

wherein the control logic is configured to trigger conversions on MCCT or DCCT packet edges.

27. A method of providing data using an array of nodes, the method comprising:

sampling the data by a node in the array in response to receiving a first control packet or a first data packet; and

transmitting an augmented data packet in response to receiving a second data packet, wherein the augmented data packet includes data received in the second data packet and the data sampled by the node.

28. The method of claim 27, wherein the node is a sensor node and the data is sensor data acquired from one or more sensors associated with the sensor node.

29. The method of claim 27, further comprising transmitting the control packet by a master node in the array.

30. The method of claim 27, further comprising

generating the first or the second data packet by a terminal node in the array;

and

transmitting the first or the second data packet by the terminal node in response to receiving the first control packet.

31. The method of claim 27, further comprising

monitoring the timing interval between the first data packet or control packet, and the second data packet;

and

auto-designating the node as a terminal node in the array if the second data packet is not received by the node within a predefined period of time.

32. The method of claim 27, wherein the augmented data packet comprises:

a plurality of indexed slots, each corresponding to a unique node in the array, the method further comprising generating the augmented data packet by inserting the data for the node into the corresponding indexed slot.