Identification and analysis of source emissions through harmonic phase comparison

• US 8,537,050 B2
• Filed: 10/25/2010
• Issued: 09/17/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 10/23/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nokomis Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nokomis Inc.
• Inventors: Freeman, Stephen Dorn, Keller, Walter John III
• Primary Examiner(s): Barker, Matthew M
• Application Number:
  US12/911,072
• Publication Number:
  US 20110095934A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,058 Days
• Field of Search: 342/13, 342/127, 342/159, 342/193, 340/572.2
• US Class Current: 342/193
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 29/0892 Details related to signal analysis or treatment; presenting results, e.g. displays; measuring specific signal features other than field strength, e.g. polarisation, field modes, phase, envelope, maximum value
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/88 Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications electromagnetic prospecting or detecting of objects, e.g. near-field detection, G01V3/00
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/38 Jamming means, e.g. producing false echoes
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 7/41 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 3/12 operating with electromagnetic waves operating with millimetre waves G01V8/005

Abstract

The present invention is a signal processing method to significantly improve the detection and identification of source emissions. More particularly, the present invention offers a processing method to reduce the false alarm rate of systems which remotely detect and identify the presence of electronic devices through an analysis of a received spectrum the devices'"'"' unintended emissions. The invention identifies candidate emission elements and determines their validity based on a frequency and phase association with other emissions present in the received spectrum. The invention compares the measured phase and frequency data of the emissions with a software solution of the theoretically or empirically derived closed-form expression which governs the phase and frequency distribution of the emissions within the source. Verification of this relationship serves to dramatically increase the confidence of the detection.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

receiving an electromagnetic energy emission with an antenna connected to a receiver; and

using a processor to;

select a candidate harmonic of a device from an expected spectral region of the electromagnetic energy emission,

use a frequency location of the candidate harmonic to determine frequency locations of additional harmonics,

identify, from the received electromagnetic energy emission, at least two of said additional harmonics,

measure a phase of each harmonic, and

compare the measured phases to identify the device as a source or a non source of the electromagnetic energy emission.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said electromagnetic energy emission is an unintended electromagnetic emission.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein said electromagnetic energy emission is an intended electromagnetic emission.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said method is used to locate or geolocate said device.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said method is used to determine an instantaneous phase of an underlying source signal to identify at least one short term event.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein said method is used to differentiate harmonic content of said source from electro-magnetic background noise.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein said method is used for detection of at least one electronically triggered event.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said method is used to perform diagnostics on an electronic device, an electrical component, and a combination thereof for health monitoring.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of actively illuminating said device.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein said method is used to identify that a set of harmonics are all related to a specific class of electronic device.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein said method is used to identify that a set of harmonics are all related to a specific electronic device.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein said method is used to aid in spectroscopy.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein said source is an electrical device.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein said processor is further used to add an error term to each phase measurement and change said each phase measurement to a phase range measurement.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein said processor is further used to calculate a time vector for each harmonic and to plot time vectors in a time-domain waveform.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said processor is further used to intersect said time vectors, to identify an intersecting vector and to determine a value of said intersecting vector.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein said processor is further used to classify said electromagnetic energy emission as interference in absence of said frequency locations for said at least two additional harmonics.

18. A device comprising:

an antenna,

a receiver connected to said antenna and configured to receive an electromagnetic energy emission, and

at least one processor configured to;

select a candidate harmonic of a device from an expected spectral region of the electromagnetic energy emission,

use a frequency location of the candidate harmonic to determine frequency locations of additional harmonics, identify, from the received electromagnetic energy, at least two of said additional harmonics,

measure a phase of each harmonic, and

compare the measured phases to at least one of identify the device as a source or a non source of said electromagnetic energy emission.

19. The electromagnetic emission measurement device of claim 18, wherein the electromagnetic emission measurement device is configured to include an analog to digital converter that is part of a receiver, part of said at least one processor, or implemented as a stand alone component and a combination thereof.

20. The device of claim 18, wherein said processor is further configured to add an error term to each phase measurement and change said each phase measurement to a phase range measurement.

21. The device of claim 18, wherein said processor is further configured to calculate a time vector for each harmonic and to plot time vectors in a time-domain waveform.

22. The device of claim 21, wherein said processor is further configured to intersect said time vectors, to identify an intersecting vector and to determine a value of said intersecting vector.

23. The device of claim 18, wherein said processor is further configured to classify said electromagnetic energy emission as interference in absence of said frequency locations for said at least two additional harmonics.

24. A method comprising the steps of:

(a) receiving unique harmonic spectral regions of an electromagnetic energy emission with an antenna connected to a receiver;

(b) selecting, with a processor, from an expected spectral region of frequencies received in step (a), a candidate harmonic of a device;

(c) determining, with said processor, a frequency location of said candidate harmonic;

(d) determining, with said processor from said unique harmonic spectral regions received in step (a) and based on said frequency location of said candidate harmonic determined in step (c), frequency locations for at least two additional harmonics, each from a respective unique spectral region received in step (a);

(e) measuring, with said processor, phase values of said candidate and said at least two other harmonics selected or determined in steps (b) and (d); and

(f) determining, with said processor in accordance with at least one logic algorithm, a time phase relationship of said candidate and said at least two additional harmonics to identify said device as a source or a non source of said electromagnetic energy emission.