Methods and apparatus for detecting molecular interactions using FET arrays
First Claim
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1. A method for detecting bimolecular interactions, the method comprising:
- providing a sample analyzer comprising an array of at least 105 sensors formed in a substrate, the sensors comprising a field-effect transistor including a gate oxide, a floating gate comprising conductors formed in a plurality of conductor layers and electrically coupled to one another, and a passivation layer overlying the floating gate, the sample analyzer further comprising signal lines for the sensors within at least one of the conductor layers;
disposing at least one antibody in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the sensors of the array;
disposing at least one antigen in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the sensors of the array wherein interactions between the at least one antibody and the at least one antigen effectuate changes in at least one electrical property of at least a portion of the sensors of the array; and
identifying interactions between the at least one antibody and the at least one antigen by detecting the changes in electrical properties of at least a portion of the sensors of the array.
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Abstract
Methods and apparatuses relating to large scale FET arrays for analyte detection and measurement are provided. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes.
286 Citations
22 Claims
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1. A method for detecting bimolecular interactions, the method comprising:
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providing a sample analyzer comprising an array of at least 105 sensors formed in a substrate, the sensors comprising a field-effect transistor including a gate oxide, a floating gate comprising conductors formed in a plurality of conductor layers and electrically coupled to one another, and a passivation layer overlying the floating gate, the sample analyzer further comprising signal lines for the sensors within at least one of the conductor layers; disposing at least one antibody in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the sensors of the array; disposing at least one antigen in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the sensors of the array wherein interactions between the at least one antibody and the at least one antigen effectuate changes in at least one electrical property of at least a portion of the sensors of the array; and identifying interactions between the at least one antibody and the at least one antigen by detecting the changes in electrical properties of at least a portion of the sensors of the array. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. A method for detecting bimolecular interactions, the method comprising:
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providing a sample analyzer comprising a plurality of sensors formed in a substrate, the sensors comprising a field-effect transistor having a gate oxide, a floating gate comprising conductors formed in a plurality of conductor layers and electrically coupled to one another, and a passivation layer overlying the floating gate, the sample analyzer further comprising signal lines for the sensors within at least one of the conductor layers; disposing at least one first protein species in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the sensors of the array; disposing at least one second protein species in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the sensors of the array wherein interactions between the at least one first protein species and the at least one second protein species effectuate changes in at least one electrical property of at least a portion of the sensors of the array; and identifying interactions between the at least one first protein species and the at least one second protein species by detecting the changes in electrical properties of at least a portion of the sensors of the array. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A method for detecting molecular interactions, the method comprising:
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providing a sample analyzer comprising an array of at least 105 sensors formed in a substrate, the sensors comprising a field-effect transistor having a gate oxide, a floating gate comprising conductors formed in a plurality of conductor layers and electrically coupled to one another, and a passivation layer overlying the floating gate, the sample analyzer further comprising signal lines for the sensors within at least one of the conductor layers; disposing at least one first molecular species in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the sensors of the array; disposing at least one second molecular species in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the sensors of the array wherein interactions between the at least one first molecular species and the at least one second molecular species effectuate changes in at least one electrical property of at least a portion of the sensors of the array; and identifying interactions or reactions between the at least one first molecular species and the at least one second molecular species by detecting the changes in electrical properties of at least a portion of the chemFETs. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. A method for detecting molecular interactions, the method comprising:
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providing a sample analyzer comprising a plurality of chemical-sensitive field effect transistors (chemFETs); disposing at least one first molecular species comprising an enzyme in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the chemFETs; disposing at least one second molecular species comprising a substrate for the enzyme in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the chemFETs wherein the enzyme reacts with the substrate to form a reaction intermediate, the reaction intermediate effectuates changes in at least one electrical property of at least a portion of the chemFETs; and identifying reactions between the at least one first molecular species and the at least one second molecular species by detecting the reaction intermediate through changes in electrical properties of at least a portion of the chemFETs. - View Dependent Claims (20)
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21. A method for detecting molecular interactions, the method comprising:
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providing a sample analyzer comprising a plurality of chemical-sensitive field effect transistors (chemFETs); disposing at least one first molecular species comprising an enzyme in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the chemFETs; disposing at least one second molecular species comprising an inhibitor of the enzyme in proximity to or in contact with at least a portion of the chemFETs wherein inhibition of enzyme activity effectuates changes in at least one electrical property of at least a portion of the chemFETs; and identifying inhibition of enzyme activity through changes in electrical properties of at least a portion of the chemFETs. - View Dependent Claims (22)
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Specification