Virtual columns

• US 8,543,588 B2
• Filed: 09/28/2007
• Issued: 09/24/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 07/22/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ServiceNow Incorporated
• Original Assignee: International Business Machines Corporation
• Inventors: Dettinger, Richard Dean, Kolz, Daniel Paul
• Primary Examiner(s): Ahn, Sangwoo
• Application Number:
  US11/863,817
• Publication Number:
  US 20080016032A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,188 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 707/759
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/2452 Query translation
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/256 in federated or virtual databases
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99932 Access augmentation or optimizing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99942 Manipulating data structure, e.g. compression, compaction, compilation
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 707/99943 Generating database or data structure, e.g. via user interface

Abstract

Embodiments are provided for associating a virtual column with a target physical table. The data for the virtual column originates from a source physical table where the data physically resides. In this way, users can access the data in a manner consistent with the users'"'"' logical perspective of the data.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method for logically attributing a field of a source physical table to a target physical table both residing in an underlying physical database, the method being implemented by execution of one or more processors and comprising:

providing a database abstraction model defining a plurality of logical fields for composing an abstract query, wherein each logical field specifies (i) a name for the logical field and (ii) an access method that maps the logical field to data in the underlying physical database, wherein at least one of the logical fields is defined as a virtual column of the target physical table different than the source physical table where the data for the at least one logical field physically resides, the logical field defined as the virtual column comprising an access method that maps initially to selected data in the source physical table;

receiving an abstract query requesting results for a subset of the plurality of logical fields, excluding the logical field defined as the virtual column, wherein each of a plurality of logical fields defined in the database abstraction model is examined to determine whether the respective logical field is defined as a virtual column, wherein each examined logical field defined as a virtual column that maps to at least some of the same data mapped to by at least one other logical field in the subset is added to the abstract query, thereby generating a modified abstract query that includes the logical field defined as the virtual column by adding the virtual column to the abstract query;

for the modified abstract query, creating a first data structure configured to select only the selected data in the source physical table mapped to by the access method of the logical field defined as the virtual column; and

for the modified abstract query, changing the access method of the logical field defined as the virtual column to map to the first data structure instead of the source physical table; and

wherein the database abstraction model and the first data structure are stored on a storage device.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein creating the first data structure comprises creating an abstract query definition containing data selection criteria including at least one of:

(i) a reference to a physical field in a physical table of the underlying physical database; and

(ii) a reference to a logical field defined in the database abstraction model.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein creating the first data structure comprises creating an abstract query definition containing data selection criteria including at least one reference to a physical field in a physical table of the underlying physical database and at least one reference to a logical field defined in the database abstraction model.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein creating the first data structure comprises creating an abstract query definition on the basis of the access method of the logical field defined as the virtual column.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein creating the first data structure comprises:

creating an abstract query definition specifying one or more output field according to the access method of the logical field defined as the virtual column; and

further specifying a field of the target physical table to which the first data structure will be joined in a resultant executable query derived from the abstract query.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein creating the first data structure comprises:

creating an abstract query definition on the basis of the access method of the logical field defined as the virtual column and on the basis of a relationship specification of the database abstraction model describing a relationship between the source physical table and the target physical table.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the described relationship is a one-to-one relationship between the source physical table and the target physical table.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising examining the respective access methods of each requested logical field and the at least one other logical field referenced in the abstract query to identify each requested logical field that maps to at least some of the same data mapped to by at least one other logical field referenced in the abstract query.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein each logical field further specifies:

(iii) a relationship between the logical field and at least one other logical field defined by the database abstraction model.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium containing a program which, when executed, performs an operation for logically attributing a field of a source physical table to a target physical table both residing in an underlying physical database, the operation comprising:

providing a database abstraction model defining a plurality of logical fields for composing an abstract query, wherein each logical field specifies (i) a name for the logical field and (ii) an access method that maps the logical field to data in the underlying physical database, wherein at least one of the logical fields is defined as a virtual column of the target physical table different than the source physical table where the data for the at least one logical field physically resides, the logical field defined as the virtual column comprising an access method that maps initially to selected data in the source physical table;

receiving an abstract query requesting results for a subset of the plurality of logical fields, excluding the logical field defined as the virtual column, wherein each of a plurality of logical fields defined in the database abstraction model is examined to determine whether the respective logical field is defined as a virtual column, wherein each examined logical field defined as a virtual column that maps to at least some of the same data mapped to by at least one other logical field in the subset is added to the abstract query, thereby generating a modified abstract query that includes the logical field defined as the virtual column by adding the virtual column to the abstract query;

for the modified abstract query, creating a first data structure configured to select only the selected data in the source physical table mapped to by the access method of the logical field defined as the virtual column; and

for the modified abstract query, changing the access method of the logical field defined as the virtual column to map to the first data structure instead of the source physical table; and

wherein the database abstraction model and the first data structure are stored on a storage device.

11. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein creating the first data structure comprises creating an abstract query definition on the basis of the access method of the logical field defined as the virtual column.

12. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein creating a first data structure comprises:

creating an abstract query definition on the basis of the access method of the logical field defined as the virtual column and on the basis of a relationship specification of the database abstraction model describing a relationship between the source physical table and the target physical table.

13. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the described relationship is a one-to-one relationship between the source physical table and the target physical table.

14. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein creating a first data structure comprises:

creating an abstract query definition specifying one or more output field according to the access method of the location field defined as the virtual column; and

further specifying a field of the target physical table to which the first data structure will be joined in a resultant executable query derived from the abstract query.

15. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein the operation further comprising examining the respective access methods of each requested logical field and the at least one other logical field referenced in the abstract query to identify each requested logical field that maps to at least some of the same data mapped to by at least one other logical field referenced in the abstract query.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein each logical field further specifies:

(iii) a relationship between the logical field and at least one other logical field defined by the database abstraction model.

17. A system, comprising:

a processor;

a computer readable memory containing a database abstraction model defining a plurality of logical fields for composing an abstract query, wherein each logical field specifies (i) a name for the logical field and (ii) an access method that maps the logical field to data in an underlying physical database containing a plurality of physical tables including a source physical table and a target physical table, wherein at least one of the logical fields is defined as a virtual column of the target physical table, wherein data for the at least one logical field physically resides in the source physical table, and wherein the logical field defined as the virtual column comprises an access method that maps initially to selected data in the source physical table; and

a runtime component which, when executed by the processor, is configured to;

receive an abstract query requesting results for a subset of the plurality of logical fields, excluding the logical field defined as the virtual column, wherein each of a plurality of logical fields defined in the database abstraction model is examined to determine whether the respective logical field is defined as a virtual column, wherein each examined logical field defined as a virtual column that maps to at least some of the same data mapped to by at least one other logical field in the subset is added to the abstract query, thereby adding the virtual column to the abstract query in order to produce a modified abstract query that includes including the logical field defined as the virtual column;

for the modified abstract query, create a first data structure configured to select only the selected data in the source physical table mapped to by the access method of the logical field defined as the virtual column; and

for the modified abstract query, change the access method of the logical field defined as the virtual column to map to the first data structure instead of the source physical table.

18. The system of claim 17, further comprising a query engine configured to execute physical queries against the database, and wherein the runtime component is further configured to transform the abstract query into a physical query executable by the query engine.

19. The system of claim 17, wherein each logical field further specifies:

(iii) a relationship between the logical field and at least one other logical field defined by the database abstraction model.

20. The system of claim 17, wherein the runtime component is further configured to examine the respective access methods of each requested logical field and the at least one other logical field referenced in the abstract query to identify each requested logical field that maps to at least some of the same data mapped to by at least one other logical field referenced in the abstract query.