Battery management system

• US 8,547,065 B2
• Filed: 12/10/2008
• Issued: 10/01/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 12/11/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Antonio Trigiani
• Original Assignee: Antonio Trigiani
• Inventors: Trigiani, Antonio
• Primary Examiner(s): Tso, Edward
• Assistant Examiner(s): GRANT, ROBERT J
• Application Number:
  US12/331,717
• Publication Number:
  US 20090146610A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,756 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 320/119
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0014 Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0018 using separate charge circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00302 Overcharge protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00306 Overdischarge protection
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

Apparatus for a modular battery management system with interchangeable slave modules connected to each cell and including a master module controlling and managing the battery system. All the modules receive power through a transfer switch that selectively switches between an external source, an auxiliary source, and the battery. The modules are configured to connect to a cell of the battery for charging and monitoring the cell individually. Each module is electrically isolated from the other modules. The modules are autonomous and shut down the battery and disconnect the module when a critical parameter of the cell is reached. When the battery is in service and a cell parameter approaches the critical level, the master controller instructs the corresponding slave module to charge the cell using battery power. The master module initializes the slave modules to uniquely identify the modules.

Claims

1. An apparatus for managing a battery with a plurality of cells wherein each cell is defined as a battery unit, said apparatus for supplying an external load, said apparatus comprising:

a master module having a battery monitoring circuit configured for monitoring at least one parameter associated with the battery, said master module having a master controller and a master communications port;

a plurality of slave modules each having a charger, a cell monitoring circuit, a module disconnect switch, and a slave communications port, each one of said chargers configured to be electrically connected to an associated cell through said module disconnect switch, each one of said slave modules configured to be selectively powered by at least one of said associated cell and an external power source, each one of said slave modules electrically isolated from said external power source when said external power source is powering said corresponding slave module, each one of said slave communications ports configured to communicate with said master communications port;

a transfer switch operatively connected to said master module, said transfer switch having a first state supplying power to said plurality of slave modules from said external power source, said transfer switch having a second state supplying power to said plurality of slave modules from the battery, said master controller causing said transfer switch to operate; and

a load disconnect switch operatively connected to said master module, said load disconnect switch configured to be electrically connected to the external load to isolate the external load from the battery, said master module causing said load disconnect switch to isolate said load from the battery when any one of said associated cells has a first operating parameter with a first specified value as determined by said cell monitoring circuit.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a connector between said external power source and said transfer switch, said connector being releasable.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said connector communicates a connector status with said master module, said connector status including information that said external power source is about to be disconnected from said transfer switch, and said master module causing said transfer switch to disconnect said external power source before said connector breaks an electrical connection between said external power source and said transfer switch.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 further including a remote unit communicating with said master module, said remote unit receiving a set of data from said master module, said remote unit configured to display selected portions of said set of data.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said master module initializes each one of said plurality of slave modules with a unique identification based on an identification of said associated cell.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said module disconnect switch operates to isolate said associated cell from a corresponding slave module when said associated cell has a first operating parameter with a specified value.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said charger of one of said plurality of slave modules is energized to charge said associated cell after said cell monitoring circuit detects a first operating parameter with a specified value and said master module causes said transfer switch to be in said second state.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 further including an auxiliary power source, said transfer switch having a third state supplying power to said plurality of slave modules from said auxiliary power source, said master module causing said transfer switch to be in said third state when said master module determines that said auxiliary source has sufficient capacity.

9. An apparatus for managing a battery with a plurality of cells wherein each cell is defined as a battery unit, said apparatus comprising:

a disconnect switch configured to be electrically connected to an associated cell;

a charger configured to be electrically connected to said associated cell through said disconnect switch, said charger configured to be powered by a power supply that is electrically isolated from said charger, said power supply connected to said charger from a transfer switch that is configured to selectively connect one of an external source and the battery to said charger;

a power input receiving power from said associated cell, said power input disabled when said charger is energized by said power supply;

a monitoring circuit configured to monitor at least one parameter of said associated cell, said disconnect switch operating to isolate said associated cell when said monitoring circuit determines said associated cell has a first operating parameter with a first specified value; and

a communications port configured to communicate a set of data to a master module, said set of data including said at least one parameter of said associated cell;

wherein said disconnect switch, said power input, said charging circuit, said cell monitoring circuit, and said communications port define a slave module.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said first specified value is associated with a critical voltage point of said associated cell.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 further including a controller configured to operate said disconnect switch to isolate said associated cell.

12. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said charger provides a charging current to said associated cell when a second setpoint has been reached and said power supply is connected to the battery.

13. The apparatus of claim 9 further including a master module having a battery monitoring circuit, said master module communicating with said slave module and said transfer switch.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said master module is configured to operate said transfer switch to connect the battery to said charger when said associated cell has a second operating parameter with a second specified value.

15. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein said master module uniquely identifies said slave module based on an identification of said associated cell.

16. An apparatus for managing a battery with a plurality of cells, said apparatus comprising:

a plurality of slave modules each configured to electrically connect to an associated cell of the battery, each one of said plurality of slave modules including a charger configured to charge said associated cell, each one of said plurality of slave modules configured to monitor a condition of said associated cell, each one of said plurality of slave modules configured to isolate said associated cell from said one of said plurality of slave modules when said associated cell has a first operating parameter with a first specified value as determined by said cell monitoring circuit;

a transfer switch connected to each one of said plurality of slave modules, said transfer switch configured to connect to an external power source, said transfer switch configured to connect to the battery, said transfer switch having a first state connecting said external power source to said plurality of slave modules, said transfer switch having a second state connecting the battery to said plurality of slave modules;

a load switch configured to disconnect a load from the battery; and

a master module in communication with said plurality of slave modules, said master module causing said load switch to disconnect said load when one of said plurality of slave modules signals to said master module that a corresponding one of said associated cells has said first operating parameter with said first specified value, said master module causing said transfer switch to be in said first state when said master module detects that said external power source is connected to said transfer switch.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, when one of said plurality of slave modules signals to said master module that said associated cell has a second operating parameter with a second specified value, said master module causes said transfer switch to be in said second state and said one of said plurality of slave modules charges said associated cell.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, when said transfer switch is in said second state and when one of said plurality of slave modules signals to said master module that said associated cell has a second operating parameter with a second specified value, said master module commands said one of said plurality of slave modules to charge said associated cell.

19. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said master module causes said load switch to disconnect said load from the battery when any one of said associated cells has said first operating parameter with said first specified value.

20. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said master module initializes each one of said plurality of slave modules with a unique identification based on an identification of said associated cell.

21. The apparatus of claim 16 further including a remote unit communicating with said master module, said remote unit receiving a set of data from said master module, said remote unit configured to display selected portions of said set of data.

22. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said master module determines a capacity of said external power source, and said master module causing said plurality of slave modules to charge each said associated cell so as not to exceed said capacity of said external power source.