Configurable intermittent pacing therapy

• US 8,548,586 B2
• Filed: 01/28/2009
• Issued: 10/01/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 01/29/2008
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Inventors: Arcot-Krishnamurthy, Shantha, Zielinski, John R., Pastore, Joseph M., Stahmann, Jeffrey E., Shuros, Allan C., Shipley, Robert
• Primary Examiner(s): Holmes, Rex R
• Application Number:
  US12/361,353
• Publication Number:
  US 20090192560A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,707 Days
• Field of Search: 600508-509, 600/512, 600/513, 600515-517, 607 2- 3, 607/9, 607 14- 19, 607 25- 28
• US Class Current: 607/9
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3627 for treating a mechanical deficiency of the heart, e.g. congestive heart failure or cardiomyopathy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3688 configured for switching the pacing mode, e.g. from AAI to DDD

Abstract

This document discusses, among other things, an apparatus comprising at least one implantable cardiac depolarization sensing circuit, an electrical stimulation circuit, and a pacing mode controller. The implantable cardiac depolarization sensing circuit is configured to obtain a sensed depolarization signal from a ventricle and the electrical stimulation circuit is configured to provide pacing electrical stimulation energy to at least one implantable ventricular electrode. The pacing mode controller delivers pacing therapy according to a first pacing mode that is a normal operating mode, and delivers pacing therapy according to second and third pacing modes. The second and third pacing modes increase mechanical stress on at least a particular portion of the ventricle as compared to the pacing therapy delivered during the first pacing mode. The pacing mode controller alternates between the second and third pacing modes when switched from the normal operating mode to a stress augmentation mode.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:

at least one implantable cardiac depolarization sensing circuit, configured to obtain a sensed depolarization signal from a ventricle;

an electrical stimulation circuit, configured to provide pacing electrical stimulation energy to at least one implantable ventricular electrode; and

a pacing mode controller communicatively coupled to the cardiac depolarization sensing circuit and the electrical stimulation circuit, wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to;

deliver pacing therapy according to a first pacing mode, wherein the first pacing mode is included in a normal operating mode;

deliver pacing therapy according to a second pacing mode, wherein the second pacing mode monitors intrinsic cardiac events differently than in the first pacing mode, triggers or inhibits delivery of pacing pulses according to intrinsic cardiac events differently than in the first pacing mode, and increases mechanical stress on at least a particular portion of the ventricle as compared to the pacing therapy delivered during the first pacing mode;

deliver pacing therapy according to a third pacing mode, wherein the third pacing mode monitors intrinsic cardiac events differently than in both the first pacing mode and the second pacing mode, triggers or inhibits delivery of pacing pulses according to intrinsic cardiac events differently than in both the first pacing mode and the second pacing mode, and increases mechanical stress on at least a particular portion of the ventricle as compared to the pacing therapy delivered during the first pacing mode; and

alternate between the second and third pacing modes when switched from the normal operating mode to a stress augmentation mode.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pacing mode controller includes or is coupled to a stress augmentation cycle memory area that is configured to store a value that specifies a programmable number of alternating cycles between the second and third pacing modes during the stress augmentation mode before returning to the first pacing mode to deliver pacing therapy according to the first pacing mode.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the pacing mode controller includes or is coupled to:

a second pacing mode cycle length memory area that is configured to specify a duration of the second pacing mode before alternating to the third pacing mode;

a third pacing mode cycle length memory area that is configured to specify a duration of the third pacing mode before alternating to the second pacing mode; and

wherein the second and third pacing mode memory areas are independently programmable to different values.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pacing mode controller includes or is coupled to:

a stress augmentation cycle memory area that is configured to specify at least one of;

a duration of time spent in the stress augmentation mode before automatically switching to the normal operating mode;

a duration of time spent in the normal operating mode before automatically switching to the stress augmentation mode;

a number of stress augmentation mode sessions;

a number of stress augmentation mode sessions per day;

a number of stress augmentation mode sessions in a stress augmentation burst;

a number of stress augmentation bursts per day;

a duration of time between stress augmentation mode sessions;

a duration of time between the second pacing mode and the third pacing mode during which pacing electrical stimulation energy is not delivered;

a number of days for enabling the stress augmentation mode; and

a time of day for initiating the stress augmentation mode.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second pacing mode and the third pacing mode provide stress augmentation through one or more independently programmable pacing parameters that include at least one of:

a pacing site;

a cardiac sensing site;

a pacing trigger condition;

a pacing rate;

a pacing amplitude;

a pacing pulse-width;

an atrial-ventricular (AV) delay interval;

or left ventricular (LV) offset interval.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to alter the pacing mode of at least one of the second pacing mode and the third pacing mode during the stress augmentation mode.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to:

deliver pacing therapy according to at least one additional pacing mode, wherein the additional pacing mode increases mechanical stress on at least a particular portion of the ventricle as compared to the pacing therapy delivered during the first pacing mode; and

alternate between the second pacing mode, third pacing mode, and the additional pacing mode when switched from the normal operating mode to a stress augmentation mode.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, comprising:

a sensor circuit, configured to produce an electrical sensor signal indicating one or more physiologic cardiovascular events of a subject; and

a signal analyzer, communicatively coupled to the sensor circuit and the pacing mode controller, the signal analyzer configured to detect, from information provided by the electrical sensor signal, a patient physiologic condition that contraindicates an aspect of the stress augmentation mode.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to inhibit the stress augmentation mode when the aspect of the stress augmentation mode is contraindicated by the signal analyzer.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to retry the stress augmentation mode after the stress augmentation mode has been inhibited for a specified time duration.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to retry the stress augmentation mode for a specified number of retry attempts before disabling the stress augmentation mode.

12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to automatically alter the stress augmentation mode when the aspect of the stress augmentation mode is contraindicated by the signal analyzer.

13. The apparatus of claim 9, including:

a memory, communicatively coupled to the pacing mode controller, to store a lookup table of pacing modes, wherein a pacing mode specifies a cardiac pacing site, a cardiac sensing site, and a pacing trigger condition, and

wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to replace at least one of the second or third pacing modes with a different pacing mode from the lookup table when the second or third pacing modes is contraindicated by the signal analyzer.

14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the implantable cardiac depolarization sensing circuit is configured to obtain a sensed depolarization signal from an atrium;

wherein the electrical stimulation circuit is configured to provide pacing electrical stimulation energy to at least one implantable atrial electrode;

wherein the second pacing mode includes pacing at least one ventricle (V), without timing the pacing of the ventricle from an atrial cardiac event, when a V-V interval exceeds a specified ventricular interval; and

wherein the third pacing mode includes pacing an atrium and, in response thereto, triggering pacing of at least one ventricle after expiration of a specified fixed or dynamic AV delay without regard to any intrinsic cardiac depolarization event occurring in the ventricle.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pacing mode controller includes or is coupled to a stress augmentation cycle memory area that is configured to store an indication of a level of mechanical stress desired during at least one of the second or third pacing mode, and wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to specify an AV delay interval and a time duration of a stress augmentation mode session according to the indication of the desired level of mechanical stress.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pacing mode controller includes or is coupled to a stress augmentation cycle memory area that is configured to store an indication of a heart failure disease pathology and wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to specify an AV delay interval and a time duration of a stress augmentation mode session according to the indication of a heart failure disease pathology.

33. The apparatus of claim 1,

wherein the first pacing mode includes triggering pacing of at least one ventricle after expiration of a specified fixed or dynamic AV delay following a sensed intrinsic or paced atrial cardiac event and inhibiting the pacing of the at least one ventricle when an intrinsic ventricular event is sensed in the at least one ventricle prior to expiration of the specified fixed or dynamic AV delay,

wherein the second pacing mode excludes pacing of an atrium and includes triggering pacing of at least one ventricle (V), without timing the pacing of the at least one ventricle from an atrial cardiac event, when a V-V interval exceeds a specified ventricular interval unless an intrinsic ventricular event is sensed prior to expiration of the specified V-V interval, and

wherein the third pacing mode includes pacing an atrium without regard to any intrinsic cardiac depolarization event occurring in the atrium and, in response to the pacing, triggering pacing of at least one ventricle after expiration of the specified fixed or dynamic AV delay without regard to any intrinsic cardiac depolarization event occurring in the ventricle.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to change the second pacing mode to a pacing mode that includes triggering pacing of the at least one ventricle (V), without timing the pacing of the at least one ventricle from an atrial cardiac event and without regard to any intrinsic cardiac depolarization event occurring in the ventricle.

35. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to change the third pacing mode to a pacing mode that includes triggering pacing of at least one ventricle (V), without timing the pacing of the at least one ventricle from an atrial cardiac event and without regard to any intrinsic cardiac depolarization event occurring in the ventricle.

17. A method comprising:

delivering pacing therapy according to a first pacing mode using an implantable device, wherein the first pacing mode is included in a normal operating mode;

delivering pacing therapy according to a second pacing mode, wherein the second pacing mode senses intrinsic cardiac events differently than in the first pacing mode, triggers or inhibits delivery of pacing pulses according to intrinsic cardiac events differently than in the first pacing mode, and increases mechanical stress on at least a particular portion of the ventricle as compared to the pacing therapy delivered during the first pacing mode;

delivering pacing therapy according to a third pacing mode, wherein the third pacing mode monitors intrinsic cardiac events differently than in both the first pacing mode and the second pacing mode, triggers or inhibits delivery of pacing pulses according to intrinsic cardiac events differently than in both the first pacing mode and the second pacing mode, and increases mechanical stress on at least a particular portion of the ventricle as compared to the pacing therapy delivered during the first pacing mode; and

alternating between the second and third pacing modes, when switched from the normal operating mode to a stress augmentation mode.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein alternating between the second and third pacing modes includes alternating between the second and third pacing modes for a specified number of cycles before returning to the first pacing mode to deliver pacing therapy according to the first pacing mode.

19. The method of claim 18, including:

delivering pacing therapy according to the second pacing mode for a first specified duration before alternating to the third pacing mode; and

delivering pacing therapy according to the third pacing mode for a second specified duration before alternating to the second pacing mode, wherein the first and second durations are independently programmable to different values.

20. The method of claim 17, including:

delivering a specified number of stress augmentation mode sessions in a stress augmentation burst; and

delivering a specified number of stress augmentation bursts per day.

21. The method of claim 17, including altering a pacing mode of at least one of the second pacing mode and the third pacing mode during the stress augmentation mode.

22. The method of claim 17, including:

delivering pacing therapy according to at least one additional pacing mode, wherein additional pacing mode increases mechanical stress on at least a particular portion of the ventricle as compared to the pacing therapy delivered during the first pacing mode; and

alternating between the second pacing mode, third pacing mode, and the additional pacing mode when switched from the normal operating mode to a stress augmentation mode.

23. The method of claim 17, wherein delivering pacing therapy according to the second pacing mode and the third pacing mode includes pacing using independently programmable parameters that include at least one of:

a pacing site, a cardiac sensing site, a pacing trigger condition, a pacing rate, a pacing amplitude, a pacing pulse-width, an atrial-ventricular (AV) delay interval, or a left ventricular (LV) offset interval.

24. The method of claim 17, including detecting, using the implantable device, a patient physiologic condition that contraindicates an aspect of the stress augmentation mode.

25. The method of claim 24, including inhibiting the stress augmentation mode when the aspect of the stress augmentation mode is contraindicated by the signal analyzer.

26. The method of claim 25, including retrying the stress augmentation mode after the stress augmentation mode has been inhibited for a specified time duration.

27. The method of claim 24, including retrying the stress augmentation mode for a specified number of retry attempts before disabling the stress augmentation mode.

28. The method of claim 24, including altering the stress augmentation mode when the aspect of the stress augmentation mode is contraindicated by the signal analyzer.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein altering the stress augmentation mode includes replacing at least one of the second pacing mode or the third pacing mode with a different pacing mode from a lookup table stored in the implantable device.

30. The method of claim 17,

wherein delivering pacing therapy according to the second pacing mode includes pacing at least one ventricle (V), without timing the pacing of the ventricle from an atrial cardiac event, when a V-V interval exceeds a specified ventricular interval;

and

wherein delivering pacing therapy according to the third pacing mode includes pacing an atrium and, in response thereto, triggering pacing of at least one ventricle after expiration of a specified fixed or dynamic AV delay without regard to any intrinsic cardiac depolarization event occurring in the ventricle.

31. The method of claim 17 including,

receiving, into the implantable device, an indication of a desired level of mechanical stress for at least one of the second pacing mode or the third pacing mode;

and

determining a decrease in AV delay and a duration of a stress augmentation mode session according to the indication.

32. An apparatus comprising:

an implantable cardiac depolarization sensing circuit, configured to obtain a sensed depolarization signal from a ventricle;

an electrical stimulation circuit, configured to provide pacing electrical stimulation energy to at least one implantable ventricular electrode and to at least one implantable atrial electrode; and

a pacing mode controller communicatively coupled to the cardiac depolarization sensing circuit and the electrical stimulation circuit, wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to;

deliver pacing therapy according to a first mode, wherein the first mode is a normal operating mode;

deliver pacing therapy according to a second pacing mode, wherein the second pacing mode increases mechanical stress on at least a particular portion of the ventricle as compared to the pacing therapy delivered during the first pacing mode, wherein the second pacing mode excludes pacing an atrium and includes pacing at least one ventricle (V), without timing the pacing of the at least one ventricle from an atrial cardiac event, when a pace V-V interval exceeds a specified ventricular interval without an intervening sensed intrinsic ventricular event;

deliver pacing therapy according to a third pacing mode, wherein the third pacing mode increases mechanical stress on at least a particular portion of the ventricle as compared to the pacing therapy delivered during the first pacing mode, wherein the third pacing mode includes pacing an atrium and, in response thereto, triggering pacing of at least one ventricle after expiration of the specified fixed or dynamic AV delay without regard to any intrinsic cardiac depolarization event occurring in the ventricle;

alternate between the second and third pacing modes when switched from the normal operating mode to a stress augmentation mode; and

wherein the pacing mode controller is configured to deliver a programmable number of stress augmentation mode sessions as a stress augmentation burst and to deliver a programmable number of stress augmentation bursts per day.