Method of estimating the non-measurable characteristics of an electrochemical system
First Claim
1. A method, utilizing a computer programmed with an electrochemical model, for estimating an internal state of a rechargeable electrochemical system and including electrodes, a separator, and an electrolyte, the method comprising:
- receiving at least one input signal of at least one parameter representative of a physical quantity of the system;
providing a computer programmed with the electrochemical model of the system for calculating variations over time of internal electrochemical variables of the system on a basis of the at least one input signal; and
estimating an internal state of the system by generating at least one output signal representing the internal electrochemical variables derived from calculating variations over time of the electrochemical variables of the rechargeable electrochemical system by applying the at least one input signal to the model; and
whereinthe electrochemical model includes a mathematical representation of kinetics of electrochemical reactions that take place at interfaces between the electrodes and the electrolyte accounting for interface concentrations;
a mathematical representation of a spatial accumulation of charges in a double layer capacity at each electrode;
a mathematical representation of a redistribution of charges at the electrodes;
a mathematical representation of a diffusion of ionic charges of the electrolyte through the electrodes and the separator;
a material balance of the electrodes and the electrolyte of the system;
an energy balance of the system for calculating a temperature of the system; and
homogenous parameters within the electrodes and the separator.
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method of estimating the internal state of an electrochemical system by a zero-dimensional (0D) electrochemical mathematical model for estimating the characteristics of a battery that are not directly measurable during operation thereof. For applications relating to hybrid and electric vehicles, the most significant internal characteristics are the state of charge (SoC), the state of health (SoH) and the thermal state (T). Reconstruction of the internal characteristics is achieved using a mathematical model of the battery. The method can be used with the operation of the battery itself (real time) with a concentrated-parameter (0D) or off-line mathematical model, for calibration, an optimization or a validation of management and estimation strategies. The method allows simulation of the thermal and electrical behavior of a battery. The method according to the invention can also be useful for battery dimensioning and for optimization of the energy and thermal management strategies as a function of the desired application.
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Citations
25 Claims
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1. A method, utilizing a computer programmed with an electrochemical model, for estimating an internal state of a rechargeable electrochemical system and including electrodes, a separator, and an electrolyte, the method comprising:
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receiving at least one input signal of at least one parameter representative of a physical quantity of the system; providing a computer programmed with the electrochemical model of the system for calculating variations over time of internal electrochemical variables of the system on a basis of the at least one input signal; and estimating an internal state of the system by generating at least one output signal representing the internal electrochemical variables derived from calculating variations over time of the electrochemical variables of the rechargeable electrochemical system by applying the at least one input signal to the model; and
whereinthe electrochemical model includes a mathematical representation of kinetics of electrochemical reactions that take place at interfaces between the electrodes and the electrolyte accounting for interface concentrations;
a mathematical representation of a spatial accumulation of charges in a double layer capacity at each electrode;
a mathematical representation of a redistribution of charges at the electrodes;
a mathematical representation of a diffusion of ionic charges of the electrolyte through the electrodes and the separator;
a material balance of the electrodes and the electrolyte of the system;
an energy balance of the system for calculating a temperature of the system; and
homogenous parameters within the electrodes and the separator. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19)
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20. A system utilizing a computer programmed with an electrochemical model for estimating an internal state of a rechargeable electrochemical battery and including electrodes, a separator and an electrolyte for management of the electrochemical battery, comprising:
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an input, coupled to a means for measuring at least one parameter representative of a physical quantity of the battery, for receiving at least one input signal representing the at least one parameter representative of a physical quantity of the battery; at least one processor, for generating at least one output signal representative of at least one output representative of internal electrochemical variables, in response to receiving at least one input signal of at least one parameter representative of a physical quantity of the system, calculating variations over time of internal electrochemical variables of the system on a basis of the at least one input signal; and
estimating the internal state of the system by generating the at least one output signal representative of the internal electrochemical variables derived from calculating variations over time of the electrochemical variables of the rechargeable electrochemical system by applying the at least one input signal to the model and controlling charge or discharge, and cooling of the battery in response to the output signal of the at least one processor; and
whereinthe electrochemical model includes a mathematical representation of kinetics of electrochemical reactions that take place at interfaces between the electrodes and the electrolyte accounting for interface concentrations;
a mathematical representation of a spatial accumulation of charges in a double layer capacity at each electrode;
a mathematical representation of a redistribution of charges at the electrodes;
a mathematical representation of a diffusion of ionic charges of the electrolyte through the electrodes and the separator;
a material balance of the electrodes and the electrolyte of the system;
an energy balance of the system for calculating a temperature of the system; and
homogenous parameters within the electrodes and the separator. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24)
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25. A simulator of thermal and/or an electrical state of a battery utilizing a computer programmed with an electrochemical model for estimating an internal state of the battery including electrodes, a separator and an electrolyte, comprising:
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an input, coupled to a means for measuring at least one parameter representative of a physical quantity of the battery, for receiving at least one input signal representing the at least one parameter representative of a physical quantity of the battery; at least one processor, for generating at least one output signal representative of at least one output representative of internal electrochemical variables, a computer programmed with an electrochemical model for estimating an internal state of a rechargeable electrochemical system by receiving at least one input signal of at least one parameter representative of a physical quantity of the system, calculating variations over time of internal electrochemical variables of the system on a basis of the at least one input signal; and
estimating an internal state of the system by generating at least one output signal of the internal electrochemical variables derived from calculating variations over time of the electrochemical variables of the rechargeable electrochemical system by applying the at least one input signal to the model and controlling charge or discharge, and cooling of the battery in response to the output signal of the at least one processor; and
whereinthe electrochemical model includes a mathematical representation of kinetics of electrochemical reactions that take place at interfaces between the electrodes and the electrolyte accounting for interface concentrations;
a mathematical representation of a spatial accumulation of charges in a double layer capacity at each electrode;
a mathematical representation of a redistribution of charges at the electrodes;
a mathematical representation of a diffusion of ionic charges of the electrolyte through the electrodes and the separator;
a material balance of the electrodes and the electrolyte of the system;
an energy balance of the system for calculating a temperature of the system; and
homogenous parameters within the electrodes and the separator.
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Specification