Forensic marking using a common customization function

• US 8,549,307 B2
• Filed: 08/29/2011
• Issued: 10/01/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 07/01/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Verance Corporation
• Original Assignee: Verance Corporation
• Inventors: Winograd, Joseph M.
• Primary Examiner(s): HERZOG, MADHURI R
• Application Number:
  US13/220,526
• Publication Number:
  US 20110311056A1
• Time in Patent Office: 764 Days
• Field of Search: 380200-226, 380236-242, 713176-181, 382/100, 382181-231
• US Class Current: 713/176
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 21/16 Program or content traceability, e.g. by watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0021 Image watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/005 Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0085 Time domain based watermarking, e.g. watermarks spread over several images
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0063 in relation to collusion attacks, e.g. collusion attack resistant
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/08 Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords network architectures or network communication protocols for supporting key management in a packet data network H04L63/06

Abstract

Methods, systems, and apparatus are disclosed which enable flexible insertion of forensic watermarks into a digital content signal using a common customization function. The common customization function flexibly employs a range of different marking techniques that are applicable to a wide range of forensic marking schemes. These customization functions are also applicable to pre-processing and post-processing operations that may be necessary for enhancing the security and transparency of the embedded marks, as well as improving the computational efficiency of the marking process. The common customization function supports a well-defined set of operations specific to the task of forensic mark customization that can be carried out with a modest and preferably bounded effort on a wide range of devices. This is accomplished through the use of a generic transformation technique for use as a “customization” step for producing versions of content forensically marked with any of a multiplicity of mark messages.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

receiving a plurality of tributaries and customization information, the plurality of tributaries and customization information having been produced by pre-processing an original content or content element; and

processing the tributaries and customization information using a common customization function to produce a marked content, wherein;

the common customization function is adapted to accept one or more mark messages,

the customization information represents instructions to the common customization function as to how the tributaries should be combined for various mark values that comprise the one or more mark messages, and

the tributaries and customization information are sufficient for producing the marked content with any of a multiplicity of mark messages.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the marked content is produced in accordance with a first marking technique.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the common customization function is adapted to produce the marked content in accordance with a plurality of marking techniques.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the common customization function is adapted to produce the marked content in accordance with a first marking technique during a first period of time and in accordance with a second marking technique during a second period of time.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the common customization function is adapted to produce the marked content in accordance with a first marking technique for a first content type and in accordance with a second marking technique for a second content type.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein at least one of the plurality of marking techniques is selected by a content owner, a content distributor or an external entity.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the common customization function is responsive to instructions provided by the customization information to enable the production of the marked content in accordance with a plurality of different marking techniques.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the received tributaries is a content that is derived from the original content.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the received tributaries comprises one of:

an encrypted representation of the original content or content element;

an encoded representation of the original content or content element; and

instructions for generating an alternate version of the original content or content element.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising evaluating at least one of the received tributaries and associated customization information to determine whether a given expression of the tributaries and the associated customization information is compatible with the customization function.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an extent of resources required for producing the marked content.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the resources comprise processing load and memory.

13. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an amount of latency associated with producing the marked content.

14. The method of claim 1, further comprising evaluating at least one of the received tributaries and associated customization information to determine performance characteristics of the at least one of tributaries and the associated customization information.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising selecting a subset of the plurality of tributaries and customization information for use with the common customization function based on the performance characteristics.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the marked content is a representation of the original content in which one or more segments of the original content is replaced with one or more alternate segments.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the customization function is adapted to produce the marked content by at least one of multiplying, splicing, blending and replacing segments of one or more of the received tributaries.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing comprises:

generating rendering information in accordance with the received customization information and the mark messages; and

rendering a subset of the received tributaries in accordance with the rendering information.

19. An apparatus, comprising:

a receiver implemented at least partly in hardware and configured to receive a plurality of tributaries and customization information, the plurality of tributaries and customization information having been produced by preprocessing an original content or content element; and

a processor implemented at least partly in hardware and configured to process the tributaries and customization information using a common customization function to produce a marked content, wherein;

the common customization function is adapted to accept one or more mark messages,

the customization information represents instructions to the common customization function as to how the tributaries should be combined for various mark values that comprise the one or more mark messages, and

the tributaries and customization information are sufficient for producing the marked content with any of a multiplicity of mark messages.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the common customization function is adapted to produce the marked content in accordance with a first marking technique.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the common customization function is adapted to produce the marked content in accordance with a plurality of marking techniques.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the common customization function is adapted to produce the marked content in accordance with a first marking technique during a first period of time and in accordance with a second marking technique during a second period of time.

23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the common customization function is adapted to produce the marked content in accordance with a first marking technique for a first content type and in accordance with a second marking technique for a second content type.

24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein at least one of the plurality of marking techniques is selected by a content owner, a content distributor or an external entity.

25. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the common customization function is responsive to instructions provided by the customization information to enable the production of the marked content in accordance with a plurality of different marking techniques.

26. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein at least one of the received tributaries is a content that is derived from the original content.

27. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein at least one of the received tributaries comprises one of:

an encrypted representation of the original content or content element;

an encoded representation of the original content or content element; and

instructions for generating an alternate version of the original content or content element.

28. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to evaluate at least one of the received tributaries and associated customization information to determine whether a given expression of the tributaries and the associated customization information is compatible with the customization function.

29. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to determine an extent of resources required for producing the marked content.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the resources comprise processing load and memory.

31. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to determine an amount of latency associated with producing the marked content.

32. The apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a validation component configured to evaluate at least one of the received tributaries and associated customization information to determine performance characteristics of the at least one of the plurality of tributaries and the associated customization information.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the validation component is further configured to select a subset of the plurality of tributaries and customization information for use with the common customization function based on the performance characteristics.

34. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the marked content is a representation of the original content in which one or more segments of the original content having been replaced with one or more alternate segments.

35. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the customization function is configured to produce the marked content by at least one of multiplying, splicing, blending and replacing segments of one or more of the received tributaries.

36. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the processor is configured to:

generate rendering information in accordance with the received customization information and the mark messages; and

render a subset of the received tributaries in accordance with the rendering information.

37. A device, comprising:

a processor; and

a memory comprising processor executable code, the processor executable code, when executed by the processor, configuring the device to;

receive a plurality of tributaries and customization information, the plurality of tributaries and customization information having been produced by pre-processing an original content or content element; and

process the tributaries and customization information using a common customization function to produce a marked content, wherein;

the common customization function is adapted to accept one or more mark messages,

the customization information represents instructions to the common customization function as to how the tributaries should be combined for various mark values that comprise the one or more mark messages, and

the tributaries and customization information are sufficient for producing the marked content with any of a multiplicity of mark messages.

38. A computer program product, embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, comprising:

program code for receiving a plurality of tributaries and customization information, the plurality of tributaries and customization information having been produced by pre-processing an original content or content element; and

program code for processing the tributaries and customization information using a common customization function to produce a marked content, wherein;

the common customization function is adapted to accept one or more mark messages,

the customization information represents instructions to the common customization function as to how the tributaries should be combined for various mark values that comprise the one or more mark messages, and

the tributaries and customization information are sufficient for producing the marked content with any of a multiplicity of mark messages.

39. A method, comprising:

pre-processing an original content or content element to produce a plurality of tributaries and customization information for use by a common customization function, wherein

the common customization function is adapted to accept one or more mark messages and produce a marked content by processing the tributaries and customization information,

the customization information represents instructions to the common customization function as to how the tributaries should be combined for various mark values that comprise the one or more mark messages, and

the tributaries and customization information are sufficient, without a further need for utilizing the original content or content element, for producing the marked content with any of a multiplicity of mark messages.

40. An apparatus, comprising:

a processor; and

a memory comprising processor executable code, the processor executable code, when executed by the processor, configuring the device to;

pre-process an original content or content element to produce a plurality of tributaries and customization information for use by a common customization function, wherein

the common customization function is adapted to accept one or more mark messages and produce a marked content by processing the tributaries and customization information,

the customization information represents instructions to the common customization function as to how the tributaries should be combined for various mark values that comprise the one or more mark messages, and

the tributaries and customization information are sufficient for producing the marked content with any of a multiplicity of mark messages.

41. A computer program product, embodied on a non-transitory computer readable medium, comprising:

program code for pre-processing an original content or content element to produce a plurality of tributaries and customization information for use by a common customization function, wherein

the common customization function is adapted to accept one or more mark messages and produce a marked content by processing the tributaries and customization information,

the customization information represents instructions to the common customization function as to how the tributaries should be combined for various mark values that comprise the one or more mark messages, and

the tributaries and customization information are sufficient for producing the marked content with any of a multiplicity of mark messages.